Kinesiology Commons^™

More Rapid Increase In Bmi From Age 5–15 Is Associated With Elevated Weight Status At Age 24 Among Non-Hispanic White Females, Katherine N. Balantekin, Emily E. Hohman, Elizabeth L. Adams, Michele E. Marini, Alison K. Ventura, Leann L. Birch, Jennifer S. Savage

Kinesiology and Public Health

Background: A rapidly increasing BMI trajectory throughout childhood is associated with negative health outcomes in adulthood such as obesity, cardiovascular disease, and diabetes. The purpose of the current study was to assess whether BMI trajectories from age 5–15 predicted changes in weight and BMI from adolescence to adulthood, and dieting-related behaviors in young adulthood.

Methods: Non-Hispanic White female participants from Early Dieting in Girls (n=182), a longitudinal cohort study, were followed from age 5 to 15 and completed a follow-up survey at age 24. Participants were classified by age 5–15 BMI trajectory groups: UPC, accelerated weight gain from age …

Musculoskeletal Flexibility And Quality Of Life: A Feasibility Study Of Homeless Young Adults In Los Angeles County, Marina A. Marmolejo, Makda Medhanie, Heather Tarleton

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 968-979, 2018. Proper musculoskeletal health is dependent on the efficient inner workings of muscles, tendons, ligaments, joints, and bones. The homeless experience can be physically debilitating to these tissues and anatomical structures. This feasibility study aims to explore how to answer the overarching question: do the lived experiences of homeless young adults negatively affect their musculoskeletal health? Questionnaires were distributed to assess the demographic characteristics, physical activity, health behaviors, and sleep patterns of 40 homeless young adults and 45 university students in Los Angeles County. Participants also completed supervised stretch tests to assess musculoskeletal …

Division I Female Cross-Country Runners’ Perception Of Eating Behaviors And Attitudes Toward Health: A Pilot Study, Laurie Stickler, Marissa Thomas, Laura Kate Morse

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(3): 941-956, 2018.The complexity behind nutritional decisions and the impact of these decisions on overall health (both physical and emotional) in the Division I female runner is not yet well understood. Thus, the purpose of this study was to explore the perspectives of female collegiate cross-country runners from a Division I school on eating behaviors and attitudes toward health. In this qualitative study, six NCAA Division I female collegiate cross-country runners participated in individual interviews. Through qualitative analysis, three themes (Nutritional Views, Identity as a Runner, and Psychological Factors) and 11 subthemes emerged. The …

Testosterone And Cortisol Responses To Fivehigh-Intensity Functional Training Competitionworkouts In Recreationally Active Adults, Gerald T. Mangine, Trisha A. Vandusseldorp, Yuri Feito, Alyssa J. Holmes, Paul R. Serafini, Allyson G. Box, Adam M. Gonzalez

Faculty Articles

To determine the salivary steroid response to high-intensity functional training (HIFT)competition workouts, saliva samples were collected from ten recreationally trained male and femalecompetitors during a 5-week (WK1–WK5) international competition. Competitors arrived at theirlocal affiliate and provided samples prior to (PRE) their warm-up, immediately (IP), 30-min (30P),and 60-min (60P) post-exercise. Samples were analyzed for concentrations of testosterone (T), cortisol(C), and their ratio (TC). Generalized linear mixed models with repeated measures revealed significantmain effects for time (p< 0.001) for T, C, and TC. Compared to PRE-concentrations, elevated (p< 0.05)T was observed at IP on WK2–WK5 (mean difference: 135–511 pg·mL−1), at 30P on WK3 (meandifference: 81.0±30.1 pg·mL−1) and WK5 (mean difference: 56.6±22.7 pg·mL−1), and at 60P onWK3 (mean difference: 73.5±29.7 pg·mL−1) and WK5 (mean difference: 74.3±28.4 pg·mL−1).Compared to PRE-concentrations, elevated (p< 0.05) C was noted on all weeks at IP (mean difference:9.3–15.9 ng·mL−1) and 30P (mean difference: 6.0–19.9 ng·mL−1); significant (p< 0.006) elevationswere noted at 60P on WK1 (mean difference: 9.1±3.0 ng·mL−1) and WK5 (mean difference:12.8±2.9 ng·mL−1). Additionally, TC was significantly reduced from PRE-values by 61% on WK1 at60P (p= 0.040) and by 80% on WK5 at 30P (p= 0.023). Differences in T, C, and TC were also observedbetween weeks at specific time points. Although each workout affected concentrations in T, C, and/orthe TC ratio, changes appeared to be modulated by the presence of overload and workout duration.During periods of elevated training or competition, athletes and coaches may consider monitoringthese hormones for consistency and as a means of assessing workout difficulty.

Laterality In The Power Five And Group Of Five Conferences In Women's College Softball, Jon C. Nachtigal

Health, Exercise, and Sports Sciences ETDs

Females in sport are under-represented in data and analysis when compared to their male counterparts. This disparity also applies to women’s softball in comparison to men’s baseball. To help fill this gap, this study evaluated the extent and impact of laterality in women’s college softball’s Power Five and Group of Five conferences from 2015-2017.

This study focused on the extent of a left-sided lateral preference in women’s college softball, possible interactions between throwing hand and batting preference, to what extent the platoon effect exists in the sport, and the extent of positional bias in the sport. As one of the …

An Investigation Of The Differences Between Perceived Vs. Measured Body Composition, Social Physique Anxiety, And Overall Appearance Satisfaction Among College Students, Cherilyn N. Mclester, Courtenay S. Hicks, Lauren Miller, John R. Mclester

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(5): 957-967, 2018. The purpose of this study was to examine the differences between body composition, social physique anxiety (SPA) and appearance satisfaction among college students by sex and BMI. A secondary purpose was to assess levels of appearance satisfaction before and after body composition testing and discover any differences between perceived body fat percentage (BF%) and weight versus actual measurements.Participants included 212 college students (93 males, 119 females), 22.0 ± 2.2 years. They answered a demographic questionnaire, the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS), post-assessment questions, and underwent body composition testing via dual energy x-ray …

The Effectiveness Of Myplate And Paleolithic-Based Diet Recommendations, Both With And Without Exercise, On Aerobic Fitness, Muscular Strength And Anaerobic Power In Young Women: A Randomized Clinical Trial, Collin Popp, Michelle Bohan Brown, Elliot D Jesch, William C. Bridges

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(2): 921-933, 2018. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of recommending a MyPlate or a Paleolithic-based diet, both with and without exercise, on aerobic fitness, strength, and anaerobic power over eight weeks. Participants (n=20) were randomized to one of four groups, (1) a MyPlate diet (MP), (2) Paleolithic-based diet (PD), (3) MyPlate and exercise (MP + Ex), and (4) Paleolithic-based diet and exercise (PD + Ex). The exercise included two days of unsupervised aerobic and resistance exercise. At baseline and final, absolute and relative peak oxygen consumption (absVO_2peak and relVO …

No Performance Or Affective Advantage Of Drinking Versus Rinsing With Water During A 15-Km Running Session In Female Runners, Lauren Shaver, Eric K. O'Neal, Eric E. Hall, Svetlana Nepocatych

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(2): 910-920, 2018. The advantage of ingesting fluids during endurance exercise lasting < 90 min has recently been challenged, but literature confirming or disputing this case is limited, particularly for female athletes. This study examined the effects of consuming water versus mouth rinsing with water during a running time trial. Recreationally active female runners (n = 19) completed two, 15-km time trials on an outdoor course in temperate environment (~20ºC; 87% RH) separated by at least one week in a randomized cross-over study design. Participants consumed 355 ml of water (DW) during their run or mouth rinsed (MR) with water from a handheld water bottle every 3 km for 5 s with physiological, perceptual, and affective variables assessed. DW or MR did not affect completion time (79.8 ± 8.1 min and 79.2 ± …

Concurrent Validity Of The Virtusense® Gait Analysis System For The Quantification Of Spatial And Temporal Parameters Of Gait, Andrew J. Strubhar, Patrick Tan, Laura Storage, Melissa Peterson

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(1): 934-940, 2018. The VirtuSense^Ⓡ (VS) is a new single camera 3D movement-capturing device that has gait analysis capabilities in its arsenal of functional programs. The Gait Analysis System with the VS has not been formally validated. The purpose of the study was to assess the concurrent validity of the VirtuSense^Ⓡ (VS) Gait Analysis System by comparing it to two standards, the GAITRite^Ⓡ (GR) computerized gait mat and manual pedograph (PG). Twenty-seven healthy, young adults performed 4 walking trials at a self-selected pace on a level surface. In 3 trials, stride length, …

Validity Of Critical Velocity Concept For Weighted Sprinting Performance, Nathan D. Dicks, Tammy V. Joe, Kyle J. Hackney, Robert W. Pettitt

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 900-909, 2018. We investigated the validity of a recently developed equation for predicting sprinting times of various tactical loads based upon the performance of a running 3-min all-out exercise test (3MT). Thirteen recreationally trained participants completed the running 3MT to determine critical velocity (CV) and finite running capacity for running velocities exceeding CV (D’). Two subsequent counterbalanced loaded sprints of 800 and 1000 m distances with 20 and 15% of their body mass, respectively, were evaluated. Estimated times (t, sec) for running 800 and 1000 m with a tactical load was derived …

Entraining Chaotic Dynamics: A Novel Movement Sonification Paradigm Could Promote Generalization, Dobromir Dotov, Tom Froese

Journal Articles

Tasks encountered in daily living may have instabilities and more dimensions than are sampled by the senses such as when carrying a cup of coffee and only the surface motion and overall momentum are sensed, not the fluid dynamics. Anticipating non-periodic dynamics is difficult but not impossible because mutual coordination allows for chaotic processes to synchronize to each other and become periodic. A chaotic oscillator with random period and amplitude affords being stabilized onto a periodic trajectory by a weak input if the driver incorporates information about the oscillator. We studied synchronization with predictable and unpredictable stimuli where the unpredictable …

Effect Of Restricted Ankle Mobility On Muscle Reaction Time And Ankle Joint Kinematics To A Simulated Ankle Sprain During Walking In Chronic Ankle Instability Patients, Brandon Winward, Ty Hopkins

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Inversion ankle sprains are common and are caused by sudden inversion stresses during weight-bearing movement which causes the foot to roll under and inward.1 Ankle sprains result in tearing or stretching of ligaments and muscles, which reduces ankle stability.2 After a single ankle sprain, up to 80% of people suffer repeated sprains, which often develop into chronic ankle instability (CAI).3 Research has shown CAI patients often exhibit delayed lower leg muscle reaction time and restricted dorsiflexion range of motion (DROM).2

Repetition-To-Repetition Differences Using Cluster And Accentuated Eccentric Loading In The Back Squat, John P. Wagle, Christopher B. Taber, Aaron J. Cunanan, Matt L. Sams, Alexander Wetmore, Garett E. Bingham, Brad H. Deweese, Kimitake Sato, Charles A. Stuart, Michael H. Stone

Exercise Science Faculty Publications

The current investigation was an examination of the repetition-to-repetition magnitudes and changes in kinetic and kinematic characteristics of the back squat using accentuated eccentric loading (AEL) and cluster sets. Trained male subjects (age = 26.1 ± 4.1 years, height = 183.5 ± 4.3 cm, body mass = 92.5 ± 10.5 kg, back squat to body mass ratio = 1.8 ± 0.3) completed four load condition sessions, each consisting of three sets of five repetitions of either traditionally loaded straight sets (TL), traditionally loaded cluster sets (TLC), AEL cluster sets (AEC), and AEL straight sets where only the initial repetition had …

Statewide Dissemination And Implementation Of Physical Activity Standards In Afterschool Programs: Two-Year Results, Michael W. Beets, R. Glenn Weaver, Keith Brazendale, Gabrielle Turner-Mcgrievy, Ruth P. Saunders, Justin P. Moore, Collin Webster, Mahmud Khan, Aaron Beighle

Kinesiology and Health Promotion Faculty Publications

Background: In 2015, YMCA afterschool programs (ASPs) across South Carolina, USA pledged to achieve the YMCA physical activity standard calling for all children to accumulate 30 min of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) while attending their ASPs. This study presents the final two-year outcomes from the dissemination and implementation efforts associated with achieving this MVPA standard.

Methods: Twenty ASPs were sampled from all South Carolina YMCA-operated ASPs (N = 97) and visited at baseline (2015) and first (2016) and second year (2017) follow-up. All ASPs were provided training to increase MVPA during the program by extending the scheduled time for …

Effects Of Bingocize® On Quality Of Life, Fall Risk, And Health Knowledge In Community-Dwelling Older Adults, Alyssa Kathryn Dispennette

Masters Theses & Specialist Projects

Quality of life (QOL) is an important aspects of overall well-being in older adults. QOL is associated with functional, physical, and psychological health; all of which can be improved with increased physical activity. A high fall risk is associated with low physical function and QOL. One in four older adults experiences a fall each year, making it necessary to focus public health interventions towards decreasing fall risk and improving QOL in older adults. Bingocize® is a health promotion program designed to promote health, health knowledge, physical activity, and social engagement among older adults. The purpose of this study was to …

Mutual Synchronization And Control Between Artificial Chaotic System And Human, Dobromir Dotov, Tom Froese

Journal Articles

Dexterous assistive devices constitute one of the frontiers for hybrid human-machine systems. Manipulating unstable systems requires task-specific anticipatory dynamics. Learning this dynamics is more difficult when tasks, such as carrying liquid or riding a horse, produce unpredictable, irregular patterns of feedback and have hidden dimensions not projected as sensory feedback. We addressed the issue of coordination with complex systems producing irregular behaviour, with the assumption that mutual coordination allows for non-periodic processes to synchronize and in doing so to become regular. Chaos control gives formal expression to this: chaos can be stabilized onto periodic trajectories provided that the structure of …

Functional Determination Of A Cervical Spine Joint Coordinate System Via An Optimization Approach, Matthew F. Moran, Paul A. Ullucci, Frank Tudini

Exercise Science Faculty Publications

Abstract of conference presentation. Determination of a subject-specific fixed cervical spine joint coordinate system (JCS) is challenging due to several anatomical constraints. Cervical spine motion (flexion/extension, axial rotation, and lateral bending) is the combined contribution from the occipito-atlanto-axial complex and 2^ndcervical vertebra through the 1^st thoracic vertebra. Additionally, there is a lack of accessible bony landmarks aligning with rotation axes. Several methods of quantifying total cervical spine motion from three-dimensional kinematic data have been previously reported, however, none of the JCS determination methods have utilized an optimization approach. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to determine …

Fms Squat Assessment And 2d Video Motion Analysis As Screening Indicators Of Low Back Pain: A Cross Sectional Case- Study, Tracy Donlon, Britanny Franklin, Courtney Machamer, Christina Mogelnicki, Jeffrey Verneus, Christopher Taber

Exercise Science Faculty Publications

Aim: Low back pain (LBP) is a disabling condition to individuals in the United States and physical therapy (PT) has been proven to be a beneficial treatment by analyzing their movement patterns. The main objective of this study was to analyze the deep squat component of the Functional Movement Screen (FMS) as an indicator of LBP while simultaneously using 2-D analysis. Method: This cross-sectional case study included 36 participants that completed a total of six deep squats. Three raters scored the FMS score of each participant. Results: The association between FMS score and the presence of LBP showed to be …

The Impact Of Non-Mandated Physical Training On Physiological Measures And Performance In Army Officers, Emily Garrett

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to observe the physiological changes in body composition and fitness assessments in US Army Officers after 5 months of non-mandated exercise. Twenty two captains stationed at Fort Benning, Georgia volunteered to participate (age; 26.9£1.2 years, height; 1.76+0.6m, and weight; 83.1+11.1kg). Eleven participants remained in active units with mandated training (MT) while 11 participants were in positions where training was not mandated (NMT). Anthropometrics, body composition, cardiorespiratory fitness, anaerobic power, and muscular strength were measured in both groups before and after the intervention period (1812 weeks). At pre-intervention, MT and NMT were not different in …

Compensatory Hip And Knee Mechanics In Transtibial Amputees During Stair Descent And Directional Task, Mindie Clark

All NMU Master's Theses

This study compared lower limb mechanics in unilateral transtibial amputees and able bodied controls during strenuous activities of daily living (ADL). Seven unilateral transtibial amputee and five matched-abled bodied control participants executed stair descent on a four-step rehabilitation staircase followed by one of two anticipated directional tasks. Force, kinematics and gait parameters were chosen to compare mechanics and stride characteristics between the residual limb, intact limb and able-bodied dominant limb between a straight walking condition and a non linear directional movement (wide-step cutting task). Results indicated that significant compensatory mechanisms occurred in the intact limb, perhaps from decreased load tolerance …