Kinesiology Commons^™

Functional And Skeletal Muscle Impairments In Progressive Diabetic Ckd, Daniel Bittel

Arts & Sciences Graduate Student Theses and Dissertations

1-in-3 persons with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) develop chronic kidney disease (CKD), which is characterized by progressive renal dysfunction leading to end-stage renal disease. In response to elevated blood glucose and systemic inflammation of diabetes, a process of active thickening of the renal glomerular basement membrane ensues with concomitant damage to the structural supports (podocytes) of the kidneyճ filtration barrier. This results in impaired renal filtration. The metabolic sequelea of T2DM and CKD also, synergistically, alter skeletal muscleճ degradative pathways, satellite cell function (muscle reparative cells), and mitochondrial health (muscle energetic machinery) -- resulting in muscle breakdown, poor muscle quality, …

Comparison Of Motor Skill Learning, Grip Strength And Memory Recall On Land And In Chest-Deep Water, Eadric Bressel, Michiel N. Vakula, Youngwook Kim, David A.E. Bolton, Chris J. Dakin

Kinesiology and Health Science Faculty Publications

Immersion in chest-deep water may augment explicit memory in healthy adults however, there is limited information on how this environment might affect implicit memory or motor learning. The purpose of this study was to compare the speed and accuracy for learning a motor skill on land and in chest-deep water. Verbal word recall and grip strength were included to gain a more complete understanding of the intervention. Sixty-two younger adults (age = 23.3 ± 3.59 yrs.) were randomly assigned to either a water group immersed to the xiphoid or a land group. Participants in both groups completed the same eight …

Running Economy While Running In Shoes Categorized As Maximal Cushioning, Miles A. Mercer, Tori M. Stone, John C. Young, John A. Mercer

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(2): 1031-1040, 2018. The purpose of the study was to determine if running economy was influenced by wearing maximal cushioning shoes vs. control (neutral cushioning) shoes. Participants (n=10, age=28.2±6.1yrs; mass=68.1±10.2 kg; height=170±6.1 cm) completed two experiments. Each experiment included running conditions wearing control and maximal cushioning shoes. In Experiment 1, participants ran on a treadmill at three speeds in each shoe condition (6 total conditions). The speeds were: 1) preferred speed, 2) preferred speed + 0.447 m·s^-1, and 3) preferred speed - 0.447 m·s^-1. In Experiment 2, participants ran on a …

Quantification Of Daily Physical Activity And Sedentary Behavior Of Claudicating Patients, Hernan Hernandez, Sara A. Myers, Molly Schieber, Duy M. Ha, Sarah Baker, Panagiotis Koutakis, Kyung-Soo Kim, Constance Mietus, George P. Casale, Iraklis Pipinos

Journal Articles

Background

Methods

A Novel And Safe Approach To Simulate Cutting Movements Using Ground Reaction Forces, Amelia Lanier, Brian Knarr, Nicholas Stergiou, Thomas S. Buchanan

Journal Articles

Control of shear ground reaction forces (sGRF) is important in performing running and cutting tasks as poor sGRF control has implications for those with knee injuries, such as anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) ruptures. The goal of this study was to develop a novel and safe task to evaluate control or accurate modulation of shear ground reaction forces related to those generated during cutting. Our approach utilized a force control task using real-time visual feedback of a subject’s force production and evaluated control capabilities through accuracy and divergence measurements. Ten healthy recreational athletes completed the force control task while force control …

Exoskeleton Assistance Symmetry Matters: Unilateral Assistance Reduces Metabolic Cost, But Relatively Less Than Bilateral Assistance, Philippe Malcolm, Samuel Galle, Pieter Van Den Berghe, Dirk De Clercq

Journal Articles

Background: Many gait impairments are characterized by asymmetry and result in reduced mobility. Exoskeletons could be useful for restoring gait symmetry by assisting only one leg. However, we still have limited understanding of the effects of unilateral exoskeleton assistance. Our aim was to compare the effects of unilateral and bilateral assistance using a within-subject study design.

Methods: Eleven participants walked in different exoskeleton conditions. In the Unilateral conditions, only one leg was assisted. In Bilateral Matched Total Work, half of the assistance from the Unilateral conditions was applied to both legs such that the bilateral sum was equal …

Not Only Static: Stabilization Manoeuvres In Dynamic Exercises – A Pilot Study, Giedrė Vaičienė, Kristina BersˇKienė, Agne Slapsinskaite, Vilma Mauricienė, Selen Razon

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

This study examined characteristics of trunk muscles electrical activity in young adults performed in the course of static and dynamic trunk muscles strengthening exercises using different lumbar spine stabilization manoeuvres. Twenty young adults (Mage = 25.5 SD = 2.91) participated in this study. Of the 20, 11 subjects (5 males and 6 females) reported no history of pain, 9 subjects (5 males and 4 females) reported lower back pain (LBP) within the last three months. Subjects performed lumbar spine stabilization manoeuvres (abdominal bracing (AB) and abdominal hollowing (AH)) with static and dynamic abdominal muscles strengthening exercises (i.e., plank, side-bridges, and …

High-Intensity Functional Training (Hift): Definition And Research Implications For Improved Fitness, Yuri Feito, Katie M. Heinrich, Scotty J. Butcher, Walker S. Carlos Poston

Faculty Articles

High-intensity functional training (HIFT) is an exercise modality that emphasizes functional,multi-joint movements that can be modified to any fitness level and elicit greater muscle recruitmentthan more traditional exercise. As a relatively new training modality, HIFT is often compared tohigh-intensity interval training (HIIT), yet the two are distinct. HIIT exercise is characterized byrelatively short bursts of repeated vigorous activity, interspersed by periods of rest or low-intensityexercise for recovery, while HIFT utilizes constantly varied functional exercises and various activitydurations that may or may not incorporate rest. Over the last decade, studies evaluating theeffectiveness of HIIT programs have documented improvements in metabolic and …

Comparison Of Physical Activity During Zumba With A Human Or Video Game Instructor, Bridgette Schneekloth, Gregory A. Brown

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 1019-1030, 2018. Using a physically active video game presents an opportunity for a person to engage in exercise in the privacy of their own home, yet still receive some feedback on the quality of their exercise performance. The purpose of this project was to compare the physical activity between participating in a Zumba exercise class led by a human and using a Zumba video game. Eight women (33.0 ± 3.0 y, 34.8 ± 8.1 % body fat) who regularly participated in a Zumba exercise class were measured for heart rate, number of steps taken, …

Aerobic Fitness Is Of Greater Importance Than Strength And Power In The Load Carriage Performance Of Specialist Police, Jeremy Robinson, Adam Roberts, Shane Irving, Robin M. Orr

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 987-998, 2018.Police officers are required to carry external loads as part of their occupation. One means of preparing officers to carry loads is through physical conditioning. The aim of this study was to investigate whether strength, power or aerobic endurance had the greatest association with load carriage performance. Retrospective data from 42 male specialist tactical police officers (mean body weight = 88.8±8.25 kg) informed this study. Baseline data were provided for strength (1 Repetition Maximum [RM] bench press, deadlift, squat and pull-up), lower body power (vertical jump, 10m sprint) and aerobic (‘beep’ test) …

Effect Of A Flying Versus Stationary Start On Wingate Test Outcomes Using An Electromagnetically-Braked Cycle Ergometer In Advanced Resistance-Trained Males, Nicolas W. Clark, Dale R. Wagner, Edward M. Heath

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(4): 980-986, 2018.The purpose of this study was to compare power outputs of the flying start to the stationary start method on an electromagnetically–braked cycle ergometer. Twenty advanced resistance-trained men (age 24.6 ± 4.5 years; 25.4 ± 2.5 kg/m²) volunteered to participate in this study. A counter-balanced, repeated-measures design was utilized to randomly assign participants to either the flying start or the stationary start for their first Wingate test. Paired ttests were used to evaluate mean differences between start methods. Peak power (PP), mean power (MP), total work (TW), peak cadence (PC), …

The Effect Of Repeated Heat Stress On Mitochondrial Protein Content In Human Skeletal Muscle, Amy Twitchell, Robert Hyldahl

Journal of Undergraduate Research

Exercise has been known to improve mitochondrial function and increase its content in muscle. However, those who suffer from certain diseases such as Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and Type II Diabetes often experience concomitant exercise intolerance. In vitro research suggests that the application of a mild heat stress may be sufficient to activate some of the same signaling proteins that become active during exercise, possibly leading to mitochondrial biogenesis in skeletal muscle. However, this has not yet been confirmed to occur in human skeletal muscle. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of heat therapy …

The Effect Of Different Training Loads On The Lung Health Of Competitive Youth Swimmers, Rachelle D. Davies, Eric C. Parent, Craig D. Steinback, Michael D. Kennedy

International Journal of Exercise Science

International Journal of Exercise Science 11(6): 999-1018, 2018. Airway hyperresponsiveness (AHR), airway inflammation, and respiratory symptoms are common in competitive swimmers, however it is unclear how volume and intensity of training exacerbate these problems. Thus, our purpose was to measure AHR, inflammation, and respiratory symptoms after low, moderate, and high training loads in swimmers. Competitive youth swimmers (n=8) completed nine weeks of training split into three blocks (Low, Moderate, and High intensity). Spirometry at rest and post-bronchial provocation [Eucapnic Voluntary Hyperpnea (EVH)] and Fractional Exhaled Nitric Oxide (FeNO) were completed at the end of each training block. A weekly self-report …

The Influence Of The Educational Environment On College Student Activity Behaviors, Helen M. Ziegler

Dissertations

Healthy Campus 2020, an initiative that provides a framework to support campuses in improving the health of their students, staff, and faculty, recognizes physical activity as one of the top eleven priorities for positively influencing health risk behaviors in college populations (American College Health Association, 2012). However, there is not much research to support the best way to influence physical activity behaviors and what types of programs and facilities can provide the greatest impact. The purpose of this study was to investigate which components or programs within the higher education environment have the greatest influence on college students’ intention to …

The Immediate Influence Of Whole Body Vibration On Proprioceptive Precision, Sean Madill

All Graduate Plan B and other Reports, Spring 1920 to Spring 2023

As our bodies are exposed to whole-body vibration inertial and strain sensitive sensory receptors throughout our body are activated. The information relayed from these receptors to the central nervous system and brain is used to analyze our environment and coordinate movement. The aim of this study was to investigate whether extended duration whole-body vibration influences sensory adaptation and coordinated movement, specifically our joint position acuity immediately following vibration exposure. Twenty-five adults completed a between ankle joint matching task before and immediately following a 20-minute whole-body vibration session and a control session of 20 minutes of standing near, but not on …

Short-Term Intermittent Parathyroid Hormone 1-34 Administration And Bone Vascular Alterations In C57bl/6 Mice, Seungyong Lee

Kinesiology Dissertations - Archive

Advancing age is associated with progressive bone loss, declines in vasodilator capacity of blood vessels, vascular rarefaction and bone marrow blood vessel ossification. Intermittent parathyroid hormone (PTH) administration augments bone volume and is an anabolic agent used to treat osteoporosis in a duration-dependent manner. In animal research, at least 15 days of intermittent PTH administration is required to achieve bone accrual. However, physiological stimuli such as intermittent PTH administration effects the bone vascular system more rapidly; i.e., changes in the bone vascular system precede alterations in bone. Intermittent PTH administration also increases vasodilator capacity of bone blood vessels; however, data …

Racial Disparity In Cardiovascular Disease And Oxidative Stress In African American Women, Auburn L. Johnson

Kinesiology Theses - Archive

Several studies have demonstrated that African Americans (AA) exhibit elevations in systemic oxidative stress compared to Caucasian Americans (CA). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) have been identified as one of the primary contributors to systemic reactive oxygen species (i.e. oxidative stress) via the NADPH enzyme pathway and may be an underlying mechanism for the development of hypertension and cardiovascular diseases. Previous work demonstrates that young healthy AA men have elevated PBMC-derived superoxide production when compared to CA men. However, whether PBMC-derived superoxide production is also elevated in young healthy AA women remains unknown. Accordingly, this study investigated PBMC-derived superoxide production …

The Effect Of Midsole Cushioning On The Kinetics, Kinematics, And Control Of Running, Brian Joseph Prejean

Kinesiology Dissertations - Archive

The incidence of musculoskeletal injuries associated with the stress of running, known as running-related injuries (RRIs), has risen in conjunction with the resurgence of running as a health-related physical activity approximately half a century ago, with some reports giving an annual prevalence as high as 79% of practitioners surveyed. Running shoes with increased amounts of midsole cushioning have been promoted to reduce the risk of sustaining RRIs by absorbing some of the high magnitude and frequency ground reaction forces (GRFs) imposed on the leg with every stride. However, individual variability, as well as the ability of the motor system to …

An Electromyography Study Of Muscular Endurance During The Posterior Shoulder Endurance Test, Neil A. Evans, Emily Dressler, Timothy L. Uhl

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

The primary purpose was to determine if there is a difference between the median frequency slopes of 5 posterior shoulder muscles during the initial portion of the Posterior Shoulder Endurance Test (PSET) at the 90° and 135° shoulder abduction positions. Fifty-five healthy volunteers (31 females) participated. The median frequency of the posterior deltoid (PD), upper trapezius (UT), middle trapezius (MT), lower trapezius (LT), and infraspinatus (INF) was measured during the PSET at 90° and 135° of shoulder abduction. External torque of 13 ± 1 Nm was used for females and 21 ± 1 Nm for males. A fixed effect multi-variable …

Multi-Ingredient Pre-Workout Supplements, Safety Implications, And Performance Outcomes: A Brief Review, Patrick S. Harty, Hannah A. Zabriskie, Jacob L. Erickson, Paul E. Molling, Chad M. Kerksick, Andrew R. Jagim

Faculty Scholarship

In recent years, a new class of dietary supplements called multi-ingredient pre-workout supplements (MIPS) has increased in popularity. These supplements are intended to be taken prior to exercise and typically contain a blend of ingredients such as caffeine, creatine, beta-alanine, amino acids, and nitric oxide agents, the combination of which may elicit a synergistic effect on acute exercise performance and subsequent training adaptations compared to single ingredients alone. Therefore, the purpose of this article was to review the theoretical rationale and available scientific evidence assessing the potential ergogenic value of acute and chronic ingestion of MIPS, to address potential safety …