Kinesiology Commons^™

Exploring Anterior Cruciate Ligament Tears And Athletic Identity As Predictors Of Disordered Eating Behaviors In Female Collegiate Soccer Players, Niondina M. Nyström

Masters Theses

Research has consistently established the relationship between injury occurrence and subsequent mental health concerns within the athletic population (Brown et al., 2014; NCAA, 2021). Specifically, negative mental health outcomes such as anxiety, depression, and social isolation have followed the occurrence of an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear (McGinley et al., 2022; Töyrä & Bergström, 2017). Similarly, because of high levels of athletic identity (AI), the inability to participate in a sport due to injury has been associated with disordered eating (DE) (Gusfa et al., 2022). Despite this, no studies have examined disordered eating and the role of athletic identity after …

Meta-Analytic Connectivity Modelling Of Healthy Swallowing, Chris R. Tilton

Honors Theses and Capstones

A quantitative, voxel-wise meta-analysis was performed to investigate the brain regions involved in healthy human swallowing. Studies included in the meta-analysis (1) examined water swallowing, saliva swallowing, or both, (2) included healthy, normal subjects, and (3) reported stereotaxic brain activation coordinates in standard space. Following these criteria, a systematic literature review identified 8 studies that met the criteria. An activation likelihood estimation (ALE) meta-analysis and meta-analytic connectivity modelling (MACM) analysis were performed with BrainMap software. Ten clusters with high activation likelihood were found in the bilateral precentral gyri, right insula, left declive, right medial frontal gyrus, right dorsal nucleus of …

Consequences Of Shift Work And Job-Related Exposure On Sleep And Musculoskeletal Outcomes In Structural Firefighters, Jacob Dennis Jelmini

Theses and Dissertations--Rehabilitation Sciences

Firefighting is considered one of the most dangerous occupations in the workforce. Musculoskeletal injuries are consistently the most frequent, and most costly, documented non-fatal injuries in the firefighting setting. An increase in job stress, job exposure, and deprived sleep secondary to job-related duties are plausible explanations for the frequency in musculoskeletal injury. The aims of this dissertation were to ascertain not only how occupational exposure via firefighter emergency call volume may influence outcomes contributing to job stress and objective and subjective sleep metrics, but also its influence on the incidences of musculoskeletal pain.

The results showed that emergency call volume …

Horizontal Foot Speed During Submaximal And Maximal Running, Kenneth P. Clark, Laurence J. Ryan, Christopher R. Meng, David J. Stearne

Kinesiology Faculty Publications

Horizontal foot speed is fundamental for running synchronization and stability, and may also be important for sprinting performance. In this investigation, we quantified the following during steady-speed running: (a) peak forward foot speed during the swing phase, (b) backward foot speed at touchdown, and (c) ground speed difference (GSD), i.e., the difference between forward running speed and backward foot speed at touchdown. We hypothesized that forward and backward foot speed would be significantly and positively correlated with top speed, and that GSD would be significantly and negatively correlated with top speed. Participants (20 male, 20 female) completed 40-m submaximal and …

Occupational Footwear Design Influences Biomechanics And Physiology Of Human Postural Control And Fall Risk, Hunter Derby, Harish Chander, Sachini N.K. Kodithuwakku Arachchige, Alana J. Turner, Adam C. Knight, Reuben Burch, Charles Freeman, Chip Wade, John C. Garner

Kinesiology

While design modifications present on work boots improve safety, they may not always provide optimal human performance during work tasks. Understanding the impact of these different design features on biomechanical and physiological postural control and locomotion variables can aid in better design modifications that can provide a safe and efficient human performance. This brief review focuses on a series of studies conducted by the current research team, that have tested three different work boots (SB: high-top steel-toed work boots; TB: high-top tactical work boots; SR: low-top slip-resistant work boots). The series of studies included testing of these work boots or …

Cardiorespiratory And Muscle Recruitment Responses To Incremental Exercise In Flywheel-Based Inertial Training (Fit) Squats, Clara Joyce Mitchinson

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

BACKGROUND: Spaceflight induces rapid loss of aerobic capacity and muscle strength. Flywheel-based Inertial Training (FIT) – a gravity-independent form of exercise previously used as a countermeasure against unloading-induced muscle atrophy – provides external resistance through moment of inertia (MOI) of a rotating disk in a velocity-dependent manner. Optimizing FIT for cardiorespiratory fitness may improve exercise efficiency and reduce hardware needs associated with deep space exploration. This modality of exercise has also been of interest among athletes of various disciplines due to its purported benefits on athletic performance. PURPOSE: To determine the cardiorespiratory and muscular recruitment responses to FIT with varying …

Intra- And Inter-Rater Reliability Of Maximum Torque Applied During Passive Elbow Range Of Motion Testing Post-Casting Of Supracondylar And Lateral Condylar Fractures In Children, Joseph T. Armstrong

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

Elbow fractures account for a significant number of pediatric orthopedic injuries. The most common of these are the supracondylar and lateral condylar humeral fractures. When surgical repair is necessary casting and pinning of the elbow can affect the elbow’s range of motion (ROM), so recovery is monitored. Practices for measuring recovery are not standardized so measures may not be consistent. A possible novel measure to help account for different clinicians participating in the same study is maximum torque applied during elbow end ROM testing. This study uses several comparisons of maximum torque applied by three different clinicians during end ROM …

Effects Of Constant Load Exercise On Oxygen Consumption And Knee Joint Mechanics In Young Adults, Mariana Victoria Jacobs

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

The rate of obesity and its adverse health consequences have continued to rise in the past several decades. Aerobic constant load exercise is recommended to reduce excess body mass, however the effects of constant load exercise on oxygen consumption (VO2) and knee joint mechanics are inconsistent when varying weight-status strategies are employed. The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of different weight classification strategies on VO2 and knee joint mechanics during constant load exercise. Participants walked on an instrumented treadmill at a self-selected speed for 30-minutes while gait mechanics and VO2 measures were determined. Between-group differences were …

Responses To Exercise Anchored To Vigorous Intensity Heart Rates, Djadmann Gustave

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

Exercise prescription to improve cardiorespiratory endurance (CE) is often based on percentages of the reserve or maximum heart rate (HR_peak) or oxygen consumption rate (V̇O_2peak)that reflect vigorous intensities (77-95% HR_peak, 64-90% V̇O_2peak). These intensities elicit a rating of perceived exertion [RPE] response between 14-17 on the 6-20 Borg Scale. It is recommended that exercise within these ranges be sustained for 20-60min per session. The purposes of this study were to: 1) Determine the metabolic (V̇O₂) and perceptual (RPE) responses as well as the sustainability of exercise (time to exhaustion [T …

Effect Of Sleep Restriction On Quadriceps’ Strength And Voluntary Activation, Scott Sigrist

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

Background: As little as three nights of sleep restriction reduces muscle strength. More than one-third of Americans are chronically sleep restricted (< 7.0 hours/night) and are at risk of muscle weakness (dynapenia). Presently, the mechanistic cause of sleep restriction-induced dynapenia (SRID) has not been elucidated. Rapid changes in muscle strength are typically driven by short-term changes in muscle contractility or voluntary recruitment. The purpose of this study was to investigate how sleep restriction affects muscle contractile function and voluntary recruitment. Methods: A sample of 12 subjects (age 24.8 ± 2.6y) underwent isometric and isokinetic knee extensor muscle testing following 3d of adequate sleep (SA; 8.05 ± 0.45h), 3 d of sleep restriction (SR; 5.02 ± 0.05h), and 7d of washout (WO, 8.27 ± 0.50). The morning (7-11a local time) following the last day of each sleep period, subjects performed muscle strength testing using an isokinetic dynamometer. Subjects sat upright with the dominant leg secured at 60⁰ of knee flexion to optimize maximal quadriceps torque. They then performed 3 maximal voluntary isometric contractions (MVICs) of the quadriceps. Then subjects performed 6 submaximal contractions at 15, 30, 45, 60, 75, and 90% of the greatest MVIC. Next, subjects completed an interpolated twitch experiment while on the isokinetic dynamometer to assess voluntary activation. Finally, subjects completed 5 repetitions of isometric contractions, in descending order, at speeds of 300, 240, 180, 120, and 60 degree/s. From these methods we measured the highest MVIC, calculated the voluntary activation (VA), measured twitch properties, and compared the torque-EMG relationship. One-way repeated measures ANOVA were used to compare sleep, MVIC, and VA values, two-way (time x twitch property) repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare twitch properties and the torque-EMG relationship. Results: MVIC torque decreased following SR compared to SA before and after sleep restriction (SA: 217.1 ± 69.4 Nm vs. SR: 199.4 ± 67.1 Nm, p = 0.032). MVIC after WO (219.2 ± 54.2 Nm) was significantly greater than SR (p = 0.018) but was not significantly different from SA (p = 0.991). Although peak isokinetic torque decreased with increasing velocity (p < 0.001), there was no significant effect of sleep or sleep x speed interaction. Peak twitch torque and rate of torque
development, but not relaxation rate, were significantly greater in the potentiated state, but no significant effect of sleep or sleep x time interaction was noted. Sleep 3 condition did not significantly affect voluntary activation (SA: 86.3 ± 11.1% v. SR:86.6 ± 11.9% v. WO 87.7 ± 11.1%; p = 0.695). The torque output at various levels ofelectromyography (EMG) activity was not significantly different among sleep conditions (p = 0.383). The mean power frequency (MPF) of the VL was …

Investigation Of Lower Extremity Neuromuscular Function In Individuals With And Without Diabetes, Roya Hoveizavi

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

Background: Diabetes mellitus is associated with notable neuromuscular and motor dysfunctions that could lead to an increased risk of plantar ulcers and amputations. Several contributing factors, including increased muscle-tendon stiffness and abnormal muscle activation pattern may influence the kinematics and kinetics of walking in people with diabetes and promote formation of plantar ulcers. Hyperglycemia and the resultant accelerated rate of glycation have been recognized as the leading cause of muscle and tendon degeneration, yet the precise mechanisms by which diabetes affects the biomechanical properties of the muscle-tendon unit remains unclear. Altered muscle activity during gait is observed in people with …

Reliability And Validity Of A Commercial Running Power Meter To Indicate Metabolic Workload During Endurance Running, James Harris Hudgins Iii

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

Commercial running power (RP) meters may provide endurance runners and coaches with improved precision for monitoring running intensity. Cyclists rely upon the relationship between cycling power and metabolic demand to regulate physiological intensity during training and racing, independent of changes in the physical environment (e.g., terrain, wind). Research demonstrates strong reliability and validity for a specific RP meter to indicate metabolic demand within controlled running conditions. However, several potential influences on this relationship have not been investigated. Therefore, four studies were conducted with the following aims:

- Study 1: Determine the inter-limb reliability and validity of a single-limb-based RP meter …

The Effect Of Physical Activity Courses On The Motivation For Physical Activity In College Students: A Scoping Review, Erica Fauste Waizenhofer Hill

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

The lack of physical activity and exercise participation has been an ongoing
problem for young adults aged 18-24. Universities and colleges worldwide offer a variety of required and elective physical activity courses for college credit to increase active participation in lifelong healthy lifestyles. This scoping review collected studies on college students’ motivation to participate in physical activity. The courses were taught using methods based on motivational theories. The authors of the studies collected information from the students before and after the classes to gather data on the theoretical framework’s effect on the students, if any. This review compiles this information, …

The Effects Of Cannabidiol Cream On Soreness And Performance After Exercise In Untrained Individuals, Joseph Thomas Pastina

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

Background: Exercise-induced muscle damage (EIMD) results from unaccustomed exercise and can lead to delayed onset muscle soreness (DOMS). Impairments associated with EIMD and DOMS can result in moderate-to-severe discomfort and hindered performance. Recently, a compound derived from the cannabis plant, cannabidiol (CBD), has been used as a recovery tool for EIMD and DOMS. Despite the rising popularity of CBD products, their effectiveness in mitigating EIMD and DOMS is unknown. Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects of CBD cream on DOMS and performance after an intensive lower-body exercise protocol. In addition, the study sought to …

The Effects Of Saddle Angle/Inclination On Lumbopelvic Kinematics And Cardiometabolic Measures, Andrew Nathan Anderson

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

Lower back pain (LBP) is a condition which affects the lumbar portion of the spinal column that can lead to mild to extreme physical pain during seated tasks and has been shown to be prevalent in people who spend long durations sitting particularly in a slumped position or in a position with a large degree of lumbar flexion. LBP can cause regular interruptions in work and in a person’s ability to engage in exercise, and in most extreme cases warrants surgical interventions for clinical treatment. While LBP is prevalent in sedentary populations, it is also quite prevalent in cycling populations …

The Relationship Of Multidimensional Athlete Characteristics Versus Competition Performance And Participation In American Football Players, Alex Brownell

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

BACKGROUND: Athlete evaluation in American football is dominated by the evaluation characteristics that underly key performance indicators (KPI’s) in the physical domain of performance. Team sport athlete performance is comprised of a combination of attributes in the physical, technical, tactical, and mental domains of performance. Using only KPI’s in the physical domain of performance to predict competition performance of American football athletes is challenging due to the differences in performance outcomes of the varying positions in American football and absence of the other performance dimensions that are not accounted for. Advances in athlete assessment have revolutionized the process of evaluating …

Effects Of High-Speed Training On Messenger Rna Expression In Two-Year-Old Thoroughbred Racehorses, Mackenzie Grace Johnson

Theses and Dissertations--Veterinary Science

Accumulating high-speed exercise has been identified as a significant risk factor for catastrophic injuries in racing Thoroughbreds. Injuries, regardless of severity, are a main cause of withdrawal from the racing industry, raising animal welfare concerns and resulting in significant economic losses. While most of the current literature focuses on catastrophic injuries incurred during racing rather than training, the present study aims to help fill this gap as well as discuss the associated risk factors. The evaluation of messenger RNA (mRNA) expression changes provides an efficient and straightforward approach to identifying horses at risk for catastrophic injury. While alternative injury risk …

Age‑Related Differences In Lower Limb Muscle Activation Patterns And Balance Control Strategies While Walking Over A Compliant Surface, Woohyoung Jeon, Ahmed Ramadan, Jill Whitall, Nesreen Alissa, Kelly Westlake

Health & Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Substantial evidence demonstrates that falls in older adults are leading causes of fatal and nonfatal injuries and lead to negative impacts on the quality of life in the aging population. Most falls in older fallers result from unrecoverable limb collapse during falling momentum control in the single limb support (SLS) phase. To understand why older adults are more likely to fall than younger adults, we investigated age-related differences in knee extensor eccentric control, lower limb muscle activation patterns, and their relation to balance control. Ten older and ten younger healthy adults were compared during balance control while walking on a …

Resistant Potato Starch Supplementation Reduces Serum Histamine Levels In Healthy Adults With Links To Attenuated Intestinal Permeability, Jason R. Bush, Jun Han, Edward C. Deehan, Scott V. Harding, Madhura Maiya, Joshua Baisley, David Schibli, David R. Goodlett

Health & Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Histamine from our diet or gut microbes can trigger gastrointestinal disturbances, and resistant potato starch (RPS) has previously been shown to alleviate these symptoms while increasing levels of health-associated bacteria such as Akkermansia through unknown mechanisms. Post hoc exploratory metabolomic analysis of serum amino acid, amine, and carnitine metabolites in participants consuming 3.5 g/day RPS or placebo (n = 48) was performed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine whether RPS positively influences histamine metabolism and related parameters. Histamine levels were significantly reduced by RPS treatment, but histamine-degrading enzyme products were unaffected by RPS. RPS also reduced histamine-secreting Haemophilus and Lactobacillus. …

International Society Of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Ketogenic Diets, Arny A. Ferrando, Robert R. Wolfe, Katie R. Hirsch Phd,Ep-C, Cissn, David D. Church, Shiloah A. Kviatkovsky, Michael D. Roberts, Jeffrey R. Stout, Drew E. Gonzalez, Ryan J. Sowinski, Richard B. Kreider, Chad M. Kerksick, Nicholas A. Burd, Stefan M. Pasiakos, Michael J. Ormsbee, Shawn M. Arent Ph.D., Cscs*D, Fissn, Facsm, Fnak, Paul J. Arciero, Bill I. Campbell, Trisha A. Vandusseldorp, Ralf Jager, Darryn S. Willoughby, Douglas S. Kalman, Jose Antonio

Faculty Publications

Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) presents this position based on a critical examination of literature surrounding the effects of essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation on skeletal muscle maintenance and performance. This position stand is intended to provide a scientific foundation to athletes, dietitians, trainers, and other practitioners as to the benefits of supplemental EAA in both healthy and resistant (aging/clinical) populations. EAAs are crucial components of protein intake in humans, as the body cannot synthesize them. The daily recommended intake (DRI) for protein was established to prevent deficiencies due to inadequate EAA consumption. The following conclusions …