Exercise Science Commons^™

The Effects Of Acute Hypoxia On Marksmanship, Chelsea Mary Moore

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Expeditionary warfighters in the military have the responsibility of being ready to deploy on short notice to any part of the world and be able to effectively complete their mission even if deployed to altitude. Studies demonstrate that altitude can significantly effect heart rate, ventilation rate, arterial oxygen saturation (SaO2) and cognition. Decrements in these areas could lead to a reduction in shooting accuracy. Only two studies have looked at the effects of marksmanship at various altitudes and their results are inconclusive. This study evaluated the effects of acute hypoxia on marksmanship and the effect of a physical exertion task …

Estimating Vo2max Using A Personalized Step Test, Catherine Webb

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to develop a personalized step test and a valid regression model that used non-exercise data and data collected during the step test to estimate VO2max in males and females 18 to 30 years of age. All participants (N= 80) successfully completed a step test with the starting step rate and step height being determined by the self-reported perceived functional ability (PFA) score and participant's height, respectively. All participants completed a maximal graded exercise test (GXT) to measure VO2max. Multiple linear regression analysis yielded the following equation (R = 0.90, SEE = 3.43 mL/kg/min): 45.938 …

A Multiple-Linear Regression Model To Predict Carotid Artery Imt In A Senior Population Of Competitors At The Huntsman World Senior Games, Cheryl Ann Smith

Theses and Dissertations

Carotid intima-media thickness (cIMT) is a valid measure of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Physical activity appears to improve cIMT, however, research is inconclusive. This study investigated the relationship between physical activity (physical activity rating (PA-R)) and cardiovascular fitness (predicted VO2max , perceived functional ability (PFA)) and cIMT. Data collected from 341 seniors (≥50 years) competing in the Huntsman World Senior Games (HWSG) included blood lipids, inflammatory makers, blood glucose, blood pressure (BP) and anthropometric measurements of obesity and central adiposity. Multiple regression analysis was used to determine correlations of measured variables with cIMT. Two of the fitness related variables, PFA (r …

Intensity Of Physical Activity And Body Composition: A Cross-Sectional Analysis Of Young Adult Women, Pamela Ruth Borup

Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship between intensity of physical activity and body composition in 239 young adult women.

Methods: This study was cross-sectional. Participants were recruited from October 2009 to December 2011 and included women from 36 different states and 6 different countries. Physical activity was objectively measured using accelerometers worn for seven days. Body composition was measured using the BOD POD. Height, weight, and circumferences were assessed.

Results: Participant's mean age was 20.6±1.6 years. Their mean BMI was 22.6±3.0 kg/m2 and mean body fat percentage was 26.4±6.3 %. Average total activity counts per …

Lower Body Kinetics During The Delivery Phase Of The Rotational Shot Put Technique, Jillian Mary Williams

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to measure the change in joint energy of the hip,knee and ankle of the right and left leg, in the sagittal plane during the delivery phase of the rotational shot put. We hypothesized that (1) throwers who produced a greater total hip energy change would have greater horizontal displacement and (2) throwers who produced a higher ratio of hip energy, in each leg independently, would produce greater horizontal displacement. Subjects (n = 8) must have been right-handed, collegiate or post collegiate level throwers trained in the rotational technique. Vicon Nexus System (Denver, CO, USA) …

Lower Extremity Joint Moments During The Active Peak Vertical Ground Reaction Force In Three Different Running Conditions, Tyler W. Standifird

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to compare joint moments during the active peak vertical ground reaction force (PVGRF) when running in three conditions. Twenty-five subjects, sixteen male and nine female, were measured using 3-dimensional motion analysis while running barefoot, in Vibram FiveFingers® (VF®) minimalist running shoes and in traditional running shoes at a 7-minute-mile pace (3.84 m/s). Joint moment differences were calculated and compared using a mixed model analysis of variance. Results showed the VF® was effective at mimicking both the kinetic and kinematic attributes of barefoot running. The only significant difference found when comparing barefoot and VF® running …

Differential Analysis Of Ovarian And Endometrial Cancers Identifies A Methylator Phenotype, Diana L. Kolbe, Julie A. Deloia, Patricia Porter-Gill, Mary Strange, Hanna M. Petrykowska, Alfred Guirguis, Thomas C. Krivak, Lawrence C. Brody, Laura Elnitski

Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications

Despite improved outcomes in the past 30 years, less than half of all women diagnosed with epithelial ovarian cancer live five years beyond their diagnosis. Although typically treated as a single disease, epithelial ovarian cancer includes several distinct histological subtypes, such as papillary serous and endometrioid carcinomas. To address whether the morphological differences seen in these carcinomas represent distinct characteristics at the molecular level we analyzed DNA methylation patterns in 11 papillary serous tumors, 9 endometrioid ovarian tumors, 4 normal fallopian tube samples and 6 normal endometrial tissues, plus 8 normal fallopian tube and 4 serous samples from TCGA. For …

Surf Lifeguard Perceptions And Practice Of Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation (Cpr), Kevin Moran, Jonathon Webber

International Journal of Aquatic Research and Education

While the importance of lifeguards in providing immediate and effective basic life support (BLS) in drowning has been well reported, not a lot is known about how lifeguards perceive the relative value of CPR as a lifeguard skill, their training in it, and the likelihood of resuscitation being successful. A self-complete questionnaire was completed by 252 volunteer surf lifeguards at 16 surf beaches in the Greater Auckland,NZ region. Results show that most lifeguards (65%) had received training in the 3 months before the survey, 83% were willing to perform CPR, few (9%) had used CPR in an emergency, and many …

Individuals With Non-Specific Low Back Pain Use A Trunk Stiffening Strategy To Maintain Upright Posture, Stephanie L. Jones, Sharon M. Henry, Christine C. Raasch, Juvena R. Hitt, Janice Y. Bunn

Exercise and Sport Studies: Faculty Publications

There is increasing evidence that individuals with non-specific low back pain (LBP) have altered movement coordination. However, the relationship of this neuromotor impairment to recurrent pain episodes is unknown. To assess coordination while minimizing the confounding influences of pain we characterized automatic postural responses to multi-directional support surface translations in individuals with a history of LBP who were not in an active episode of their pain. Twenty subjects with and 21 subjects without non-specific LBP stood on a platform that was translated unexpectedly in 12 directions. Net joint torques of the ankles, knees, hips, and trunk in the frontal and …

An Eccentric Intervention Of The Flexor-Pronator Mass To Impact Overhead Throwing Distance And Velocity, Ricker Stanton Adkins

Online Theses and Dissertations

This study focused on the pronator-flexor mass of the elbow and its role in the overhead throwing motion. This specific muscle group is responsible for primary pronation and flexion at the elbow joint, while also reducing valgus stress from compromising the ulnar collateral ligament.

Twenty-three participants were put through a short throwing progression that was focused on their velocity and overall distance thrown from a standing position. After baseline testing was completed participants underwent a short intervention to determine if the intervention would impact all dependent variables. Experimental and non-experimental groups were compared using a repeated measures ANOVA which found …

Effect Of Acute Feedback On Knee Angle And Moments During A Horizontal Land And Cut Maneuver, Randall L. Jensen

Conference Papers in Published Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Reliability Of Knee Joint Measures In A Cutting Movement, Randall L. Jensen

Conference Papers in Published Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Force And Time Analysis Of Backstroke To Breaststroke Turns, Randall L. Jensen

Conference Papers in Published Proceedings

No abstract provided.

Independent Benefits Of Meeting The 2008 Physical Activity Guidelines To Insulin Resistance In Obese Latino Children, Nazrat Mirza, Matilde Palmer, Johanna O'Connell, Loretta Dipietro

Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications

We examined the independent association between moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and insulin resistance (IR) among obese Latino children (� = 1 1 3; 7–15 years) who were enrolled in a community-based obesity intervention. Baseline information on physical activity was gathered by self-report. Clinical assessments of body composition, resting energy expenditure (REE), as well as glucose and insulin responses to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) were performed after an overnight fast. Insulin resistance was defined as a 2 h insulin concentration >57 μU·mL⁻¹. We observed that those obese children who met the 2008 Guidelines for MVPA (≥60 min/day) …

Successful Aging, Loretta Dipietro, Maria F. Singh, Roger Fielding, Hiroshi Nose

Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Response To Acute Psychophysical Stress And 24-Hour Glycemic Control In Healthy Older People, Loretta Dipietro, Catherine W. Yeckel, Andrei Gribok

Exercise and Nutrition Sciences Faculty Publications

We examined the relation between stress reactivity and 24 h glycemic control in 17 inactive, healthy older people (≥60 years) under both a novel psychophysical stress and a seated control condition. Plasma cortisol was measured over the course of the stress and recovery periods. Glycemic control was determined over the subsequent 3 h from an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and over 24 h viacontinuous glucose monitoring (CGM). We observed significant (� < 0 . 0 5) elevations in perceived stress, cardiovascular activity, and peak cortisol response at 30 min (1 0 . 6 ± 3 . 1 versus 8 . 6 ± 2 . 6 μg·dL⁻¹, resp.) during the stress compared with the control condition; however, 3 h OGTT glucose and insulin responses were similar between conditions. The CGM data suggested a …

Optimizing Chronic Slow Breathing Training To Cause A Therapeutic Effect On Heart Rate Variability, Jennifer Joy Brown

Human Movement Studies & Special Education Theses & Dissertations

Heart rate variability (HRV) is a valid and reliable tool that can be used to determine the basic state of an individual's autonomic health. The current study attempted to establish the minimum frequency of breathing practice necessary to produce a therapeutic effect on HRV over the course of a four-week period with four different treatment groups, specifically, groups that practiced a slow breathing protocol for either 2, 3 or 5 times per week, and a control group. Forty-three subjects (14 males, 29 females), ages 18–50 years, were screened, pre-tested, matched for sex, age and HRV, assigned to a specific group …

The Effect Of An Oral Carbohydrate Rinse On Shorter-Endurance Exercise Program, Morgan Esh

Masters Theses

Research has suggested that orally rinsing with a carbohydrate solution can improve shorter-endurance exercise performance (Carter, Jeukendrup, & Jones, 2004; Chambers, Bridge, & Jones, 2009; Pottier, Bouckaert, Roels, & Derave, 2009; Rollo, Williams, & Nevill, 2011). The purpose of this study was to determine if a carbohydrate mouth rinse improves a 30 minute running distance compared to a non-carbohydrate mouth rinse in females ages 18 to 25 years. Eight female recreational runners performed two experimental rinse-trials the morning after an overnight fast. Participants performed each 30 minute treadmill run at a Borg rating of perceived exertion (RPE) of 14 and …

Physical Activity, Sleep Patterns, And Health Outcomes In University Law Enforcement Officers, Nicole C. Koebke

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

Research indicates that law enforcement officers (LEOs) have a higher prevalence of developing coronary artery disease (CAD) compared to the general population. Sleep deprivation and physical inactivity have been found to be related to many risk factors for CAD. This cross-sectional study examined the health status and the relationship between sleep and physical activity outcomes versus CAD risk factors among 27 University LEOs. The subjects’ health behaviors, and CAD and metabolic syndrome risk factors were described using basic statistics. Accelerometer derived sleep and physical activity outcomes were correlated to measures of health to identify potential relationships. 33% of LEOs were …

The Clinical Usefulness Of Vector Coding Variability In Female Runners With And Without Patellofemoral Pain, Tommy Joseph Cunningham

Theses and Dissertations--Kinesiology and Health Promotion

It has been suggested that Patellofemoral Pain (PFP) may be the result of a coordinate state which exhibits less joint coordination variability. The ability to relate joint coordination variability to PFP pathology could have many clinical uses; however, evidence to support clinical application is lacking. Vector coding’s coupling angle variability (CAV) has been introduced as a possible analysis method to quantify joint coordination variability. The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical usefulness of CAV measures from a dynamical systems perspective. This involved establishing the precision limits of CAV measures when physiological conditions are held constant, altering control …