Biomechanics Commons^™

Reliability Of A Multisegment Foot Model In Shod Running, Austin Coupe

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The purpose of this study was to determine kinematic and marker placement reliability of the Leardini multisegment foot model (LMFM) for tracking foot kinematics during barefoot and shod running without alteration of footwear. Eleven participants, five males (25.6±5 yrs, 73±15.8 kg, 1.75±0.05m) and six females (22.5±2.9 yrs, 66.6±7.2 kg, 1.71±0.05 m) granted institutionally approved written consent to participate. Three-dimensional motion capture (10 Vicon T40-S cameras) was used to capture kinematic data at 200Hz. Kinetic data was captured with an in-ground force platform (Kistler Instruments AG, Switzerland Model 9281B 60x40cm, 2000Hz). Participants were instructed to run at 3.5m/s ±5%. Velocity was …

Comparison Of Muscle Latencies For Diabetic Neuropathy Patients Versus Healthy Controls During A Perturbed Balance Task, Kyle Mefferd

UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones

The purpose of this study was to compare muscle latencies for patients diagnosed with diabetic neuropathy versus healthy controls during a perturbed balance task, with a secondary purpose to distinguish postural control strategies the groups used based on the muscle latencies. Five participants diagnosed with diabetic neuropathy (DN; 4 male, 99.7 ± 7.95 kg, 176 ± 9.58 cm, 46.6 ± 16.55 years) and 5 healthy control (HC; 4 male, 100.36 ± 12.61 kg, 173.76 ± 9.66 cm, 47 ± 13.42 years) participants were recruited. Participants granted institutionally approved written consent before participating. Delsys Trigino Wireless EMG sensors were placed on …

Impacts Of Micrornas On Skeletal Muscle Protein Synthesis And Mitochondrial Quality, David Lee

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

microRNA (miRNA) post-transcriptional modification is becoming a well-established mechanism for controlling mRNA translation. microRNAs -1, -133, and -206 are under the control of skeletal muscle promoters and affect muscle plasticity and metabolic health. A detailed review on the generation and processing of miRNAs with a view to skeletal muscle brings up intriguing connections in the transcriptional connections between multiple miRNAs. Additionally, exciting new research has defined a role of miRNAs in skeletal muscle mitochondria showing an additional, direct link to metabolic function. Multiple investigations in models of exercise, aging, hypertrophy, and injury have shown how these interventions can affect miRNA …

Mechanisms To Increase Propulsive Force For Individuals Poststroke, Haoyuan Hsiao, Brian A. Knarr, Jill S. Higginson, Stuart A. Binder-Macleod

Journal Articles

Background: Propulsive force generation is critical to walking speed. Trialing limb angle and ankle moment are major contributors to increases in propulsive force during gait. For able-bodied individuals, trailing limb angle contributes twice as much as ankle moment to increases in propulsive force during speed modulation. The aim of this study was to quantify the relative contribution of ankle moment and trailing limb angle to increases in propulsive force for individuals poststroke.

Methods: A biomechanical-based model previously developed for able-bodied individuals was evaluated and enhanced for individuals poststroke. Gait analysis was performed as subjects (N = 24) with …

Biomechanical Analyses Of Stair-Climbing While Dual-Tasking, Srikant Vallabhajosula, Chi Wei Tan, Mukul Mukherjee, Austin Davidson, Nicholas Stergiou

Journal Articles

Stair-climbing while doing a concurrent task like talking or holding an object is a common activity of daily living which poses high risk for falls. While biomechanical analyses of overground walking during dual-tasking have been studied extensively, little is known on the biomechanics of stair-climbing while dual-tasking. We sought to determine the impact of performing a concurrent cognitive or motor task during stair-climbing. We hypothesized that a concurrent cognitive task will have a greater impact on stair climbing performance compared to a concurrent motor task and that this impact will be greater on a higher-level step. Ten healthy young adults …

Sitting Postural Control Affects The Development Of Focused Attention In Children With Cerebral Palsy, Swati Surkar, Christina Edelbrock, Nicholas Stergiou, Sarah Berger, Regina T. Harbourne

Journal Articles

Purpose:

To investigate whether focused attention (FA) changes over time as sitting postural control improves and whether an impairment in sitting postural control affects the development of FA in children with cerebral palsy (CP).

Methods:

Nineteen children with CP, mean ages 21.47 months, were assessed for FA and sitting scores pre- and postintervention.

Results:

Longest, total, and global FA increased and frequency of FA decreased in children who achieved independent sitting. However, children who achieved mobility postintervention exhibited a decrease in longest FA and an increase in frequency of FA.

Conclusion:

Sitting postural control and the development of FA appear …

Contra-Compartmental Joint Mechanics In Unicondylar Knee Arthroplasty, Roy Rusly

All Dissertations

Recently, unicondylar knee arthroplasty (UKA) has seen a resurgence in clinical popularity, due to its increased success rate, improvement in implant designs, and more efficient surgical techniques. However, it continues to be a more technically demanding procedure and less forgiving compared to TKA [14,16-19]. The early reported failures due to the malalignment errors during surgery remain areas of concern clinically and experimentally [41-44,46]. In addition, the difference in the compliance between the UKA implant materials (metal-polymer) and the soft tissues in the un-operated comparted could also affect the load distribution on the knee joint. Advancement in medical technology and improvement …

Why Not Be An Early-Bird Researcher?, Ravindra P. Nettimi, Madhur Mangalam, Mewa Singh

Journal Articles

No abstract provided.

Division Of Labor In Hand Usage Is Associated With Higher Hand Performance In Free-Ranging Bonnet Macaques, Macaca Radiata, Madhur Mangalam, Nisarg Desai, Mewa Singh

Journal Articles

A practical approach to understanding lateral asymmetries in body, brain, and cognition would be to examine the performance advantages/disadvantages associated with the corresponding functions and behavior. In the present study, we examined whether the division of labor in hand usage, marked by the preferential usage of the two hands across manual operations requiring maneuvering in three-dimensional space (e.g., reaching for food, grooming, and hitting an opponent) and those requiring physical strength (e.g., climbing), is associated with higher hand performance in free-ranging bonnet macaques, Macaca radiata. We determined the extent to which the macaques exhibit laterality in hand usage in …

Lower Extremity Kinematics During A Drop Jump In Individuals With Patellar Tendinopathy, Adam B. Rosen, Jupil Ko, Kathy J. Simpson, Seock-Ho Kim, Cathleen N. Brown

Journal Articles

Background: Patellar tendinopathy (PT) is a common degenerative condition in physically active populations. Knowledge regarding the biomechanics of landing in populations with symptomatic PT is limited, but altered mechanics may play a role in the development or perpetuation of PT.

Purpose: To identify whether study participants with PT exhibited different landing kinematics compared with healthy controls.

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study.

Methods: Sixty recreationally active participants took part in this study; 30 had current signs and symptoms of PT, including self-reported pain within the patellar tendon during loading activities for at least 3 months and ≤80 on the Victorian Institute …

Children’S Looking Preference For Biological Motion May Be Related To An Affinity For Mathematical Chaos, Joshua L. Haworth, Anastasia Kyvelidou, Wayne Fisher, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Recognition of biological motion is pervasive in early child development. Further, viewing the movement behavior of others is a primary component of a child’s acquisition of complex, robust movement repertoires, through imitation and real-time coordinated action. We theorize that inherent to biological movements are particular qualities of mathematical chaos and complexity. We further posit that this character affords the rich and complex inter-dynamics throughout early motor development. Specifically, we explored whether children’s preference for biological motion may be related to an affinity for mathematical chaos. Cross recurrence quantification analysis (cRQA) was used to investigate the coordination of gaze and posture …

Postural Sway And Gaze Can Track The Complex Motion Of A Visual Target, Vassilia Hatzitaki, Nikolaos Stergiou, George Sofianidis, Anastasia Kyvelidou

Journal Articles

Variability is an inherent and important feature of human movement. This variability has form exhibiting a chaotic structure. Visual feedback training using regular predictive visual target motions does not take into account this essential characteristic of the human movement, and may result in task specific learning and loss of visuo-motor adaptability. In this study, we asked how well healthy young adults can track visual target cues of varying degree of complexity during whole-body swaying in the Anterior-Posterior (AP) and Medio-Lateral (ML) direction. Participants were asked to track three visual target motions: a complex (Lorenz attractor), a noise (brown) and a …

The Association Between Critical Thinking And Scholastic Aptitude On First-Time Pass Rate Of The National Physical Therapy Examination, Daniel W. Suckow, C. Jayne Brahler, Betsy Donahoe-Fillmore, Mary Insana Fisher, Philip A. Anloague

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Objectives: 1) To investigate the relationships among critical thinking (CT) abilities, overall academic performance in the Doctorate of Physical Therapy (DPT) program as measured by cumulative grade point average (GPA), and National Physical Therapy Examination (NPTE) licensure scores, and 2) To determine if NPTE scores were significantly different between groups of students who were classified as having low, moderate or high CT abilities.

Background: It is well-established that physical therapy practice requires good clinical reasoning skills. Passage of the NPTE is required for licensure. Research to date has been mixed as to whether CT abilities or GPA can predict success …

The Influence Of Push-Off Timing In A Robotic Ankle-Foot Prosthesis On The Energetics And Mechanics Of Walking, Philippe Malcolm, Robert E. Quesada, Joshua M. Caputo, Steven H. Collins

Journal Articles

Background

Robotic ankle-foot prostheses that provide net positive push-off work can reduce the metabolic rate of walking for individuals with amputation, but benefits might be sensitive to push-off timing. Simple walking models suggest that preemptive push-off reduces center-of-mass work, possibly reducing metabolic rate. Studies with bilateral exoskeletons have found that push-off beginning before leading leg contact minimizes metabolic rate, but timing was not varied independently from push-off work, and the effects of push-off timing on biomechanics were not measured. Most lower-limb amputations are unilateral, which could also affect optimal timing. The goal of this study was to vary the timing …

Abnormal Myofiber Morphology And Limb Dysfunction In Claudication, Panagiotis Koutakis, Sara A. Myers, Kim Cluff, Duy M. Ha, Gleb Haynatzki, Rodney D. Mccomb, Koji Uchida, Dimitrios Miserlis, Evlampia Papoutsi, Jason M. Johanning, George P. Casale, Iraklis Pipinos

Journal Articles

Background

Methods

Walking Before And During A Sea Voyage, Chih-Hui Chang, Nicholas Stergiou, Jeffrey P. Kaipust, Eric Haaland, Yi Wang, Fu-Chen Chen, Thomas A. Stoffregen

Journal Articles

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Abstract

Stationary and moving surfaces impose different constraints on walking. In this study we investigated within-participants differences between walking on a ship before (at the dock) and during (at sea) a sea voyage. Four individuals participated in the study. While on the ship they wore a tri-axial accelerometer (ActiGraph GT3X+; ActiGraph LLC, Pensacola, FL) on their waists. Activity data were sampled at 30 Hz. Data were collected on the day before the voyage began and on several days at sea. The number of steps per day was greater at the dock than at sea. …

Gait Mechanics In Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Jenna M. Yentes, Kendra K. Schmid, Daniel Blanke, Debra J. Romberger, Stephen I. Rennard, Nikolaos Stergiou

Journal Articles

Background

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is characterized by the frequent association of disease outside the lung. The objective of this study was to determine the presence of biomechanical gait abnormalities in COPD patients compared to healthy controls while well rested and without rest.

Methods

Patients with COPD (N = 17) and aged-matched, healthy controls (N = 21) walked at their self-selected pace down a 10-meter walkway while biomechanical gait variables were collected. A one-minute rest was given between each of the five collected trials to prevent tiredness (REST condition). Patients with COPD then walked at a self-selected pace on …

Development Of Functional Interactions Among Cortical And Trabecular Traits During Growth Of The Lumbar Vertebral Body, Melissa Ramcharan

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Variation in bone traits that contribute to increased fracture risk in the elderly is mainly established in adulthood. Previous studies have shown that in adults, cortical and trabecular traits are functionally related. How variations in traits develop to establish mechanical function in adult bone is not well understood. In this study, we examined temporal changes in the development of cortical and trabecular traits during growth in mouse lumbar vertebral body structures that have a wide range of genetic variants. We determined a sequence of events among traits that would suggest how functional bone structures developed. Examining bones in A/J, C57/BL6 …

Estimation Of Outer-Middle Ear Transmission Using Dpoaes And Fractional-Order Modeling Of Human Middle Ear, Maryam Naghibolhosseini

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Our ability to hear depends primarily on sound waves traveling through the outer and middle ear toward the inner ear. Hence, the characteristics of the outer and middle ear affect sound transmission to/from the inner ear. The role of the middle and outer ear in sound transmission is particularly important for otoacoustic emissions (OAEs), which are sound signals generated in a healthy cochlea, and recorded by a sensitive microphone placed in the ear canal. OAEs are used to evaluate the health and function of the cochlea; however, they are also affected by outer and middle ear characteristics. To …

Non-Equilibrium Thermodynamical Description Of Rhythmic Motion Patterns Of Active Systems: A Canonical-Dissipative Approach, Dobromir Dotov, S. Kim, T. D. Frank

Journal Articles

We derive explicit expressions for the non-equilibrium thermodynamical variables of a canonical-dissipative limit cycle oscillator describing rhythmic motion patterns of active systems. These variables are statistical entropy, non-equilibrium internal energy, and non-equilibrium free energy. In particular, the expression for the non-equilibrium free energy is derived as a function of a suitable control parameter. The control parameter determines the Hopf bifurcation point of the deterministic active system and describes the effective pumping of the oscillator. In analogy to the equilibrium free energy of the Landau theory, it is shown that the non-equilibrium free energy decays as a function of the …