Division Of Labour: A Democratic Approach Towards Understanding Manual Asymmetries In Non-Human Primates,
2016
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Division Of Labour: A Democratic Approach Towards Understanding Manual Asymmetries In Non-Human Primates, Madhur Mangalam, Nisarg Desai, Mewa Singh
Journal Articles
A consequence of the 'gold rush'-like hunch for human-like handedness in non-human primates has been that researchers have been continually analysing observations at the level of the population, ignoring the analysis at the level of an individual and, consequently, have potentially missed revelations on the forms and functions of manual asymmetries. Recently, consecutive studies on manual asymmetries in bonnet macaques, Macaca radiata revealed both the functional and adaptive significance of manual asymmetries respectively, and pointed towards the division of labour as being the general principle underlying the observed hand-usage patterns. We review the studies on manual asymmetries in capuchin monkeys, …
Mobility Of Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis And The Influence Of Physical Therapy,
2016
University of Nebraska Medical Center
Mobility Of Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis And The Influence Of Physical Therapy, Brenda L. Davies
Theses & Dissertations
One main purpose was to explore the compensatory gait strategies of individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS). To address this purpose, we quantified the mechanical work generated by the lower extremity joints during walking. The outcomes from this investigation suggested that individuals with MS redistribute positive mechanical work during walking to the hip in order to compensate for a reduced ability of the ankle to generate positive mechanical work. Additionally, we also explored the motor control of the ankle as a potential contributing factor to the mobility limitations of individuals with MS. The outcomes from this investigation indicated that individuals with …
Reliability Of Gastrocnemius Pennation Angle Using Ultrasound With 15 Degree Adduction And Abduction In Standing Position,
2016
Georgia Southern University
Reliability Of Gastrocnemius Pennation Angle Using Ultrasound With 15 Degree Adduction And Abduction In Standing Position, Diana J. Tyler
Honors College Theses
A pennate muscle has fascicles that attach obliquely to its tendon. In parallel, more fascicles can be aligned allowing for greater production of force. In previous research, pennation angle has been measured using ultrasound while in a laying supine position. The purpose of this study was to measure pennation angle of the gastrocnemius muscle with ultrasound while standing neutral, in a mechanically loaded position. 16 participants, one two separate days, had their ultrasound imaging taken in three different foot orientations: neutral, fifteen degree adduction / abduction positions. This information was then be analyzed using ImageJ software. This research shows the …
Power Output And Loads On The Lumbar Vertebrae During A Power Clean 2016,
2016
SUNY College Cortland
Power Output And Loads On The Lumbar Vertebrae During A Power Clean 2016, Joseph Keleher
Master's Theses
The purpose of the present study was to compare the peak resultant torque, shear, and compressive forces acting at the L3/L4 junction of the lumbar vertebrae and the peak power output during 40% one repetition maximum (1RM) and 80% 1RM attempts of the power clean. It was hypothesized that performance of a power clean at 80% 1RM will result in greater peak resultant compressive force, torque and shear force at the L3/L4 junction of the lumbar spine than that of a 40% 1RM attempt. Power cleans at 80% 1RM will also result in higher maximum instantaneous power outputs than that …
Investigation Of Sequential Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Effect On Run Performance,
2016
University of Nevada, Las Vegas
Investigation Of Sequential Intermittent Pneumatic Compression Effect On Run Performance, Max Evan Jones
UNLV Theses, Dissertations, Professional Papers, and Capstones
The main aim of this study was to determine if IPC after a 5000 m run influences maximal effort 1600 m run performance. A secondary purpose was to determine if the level of IPC pressure used influences run performance. Nine subjects (6 male and 3 female were included in the study; 30 years±5.19 years; Height 173.72cm±8.25; Weight; 72.54±9.97 kg). These subjects were recruited to be in this study via word of mouth or social media advertisement in the Las Vegas area. Participant inclusion criteria was 18- 50 year old apparently healthy, had been running a minimum of 20 miles a …
Turning Performance In Squid And Cuttlefish: Unique Dual-Mode, Muscular Hydrostatic Systems,
2016
Old Dominion University
Turning Performance In Squid And Cuttlefish: Unique Dual-Mode, Muscular Hydrostatic Systems, Rachel A. Jastrebsky, Ian K. Bartol, Paul S. Krueger
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Although steady swimming has received considerable attention in prior studies, unsteady swimming movements represent a larger portion of many aquatic animals' locomotive repertoire and have not been examined extensively. Squids and cuttlefishes are cephalopods with unique muscular hydrostat-driven, dual-mode propulsive systems involving paired fins and a pulsed jet. These animals exhibit a wide range of swimming behavior, but turning performance has not been examined quantitatively. Brief squid, Lolliguncula brevis, and dwarf cuttlefish, Sepia bandensis, were filmed during turns using high-speed cameras. Kinematic features were tracked, including the length-specific radius of the turn (R/L), a measure of maneuverability, and …
Effect Of Passive Heating On Males And Females With Elevated Arterial Stiffness,
2016
University of Arkansas, Fayetteville
Effect Of Passive Heating On Males And Females With Elevated Arterial Stiffness, Forrest Blake Robinson
Graduate Theses and Dissertations
Context: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is one of the leading causes of mortality in the United States, accounting for about 1 in every 4 deaths annually. Studies have shown that passive heating does have some degree of effect on arterial stiffness, but not much is known about populations with higher stiffness. Objective: To examine the independent effect of core temperature increase during passive heating on arterial stiffness. Methods: Participants visited the lab three times; one familiarization and two experimental trials. The experimental trials consisted of subjects being passively heated in an environment of 40°C / 40% relative humidity (HEAT) or normal …
Aging Affects Postural Tracking Of Complex Visual Motion Cues,
2016
Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
Aging Affects Postural Tracking Of Complex Visual Motion Cues, Haralampos Sotirakis, Anastasia Kyvelidou, L. Mademli, Nicholas Stergiou, Vassilia Hatzitaki
Journal Articles
Postural tracking of visual motion cues improves perception–action coupling in aging, yet the nature of the visual cues to be tracked is critical for the efficacy of such a paradigm. We investigated how well healthy older (72.45 ± 4.72 years) and young (22.98 ± 2.9 years) adults can follow with their gaze and posture horizontally moving visual target cues of different degree of complexity. Participants tracked continuously for 120 s the motion of a visual target (dot) that oscillated in three different patterns: a simple periodic (simulated by a sine), a more complex (simulated by the Lorenz attractor that is …
Electromyographic And Mechanomyographic Time And Frequency Responses During Fatiguing, Submaximal, Isokinetic Muscle Actions Of The Biceps Brachii,
2016
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Electromyographic And Mechanomyographic Time And Frequency Responses During Fatiguing, Submaximal, Isokinetic Muscle Actions Of The Biceps Brachii, Ethan C. Hill
College of Education and Human Sciences: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research
The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the time-course of changes in electromyographic (EMG) and mechanomyographic (MMG), time and frequency domain responses during repeated, submaximal, concentric, isokinetic, forearm flexion muscle actions. Twelve men (mean age ± SD = 22.6 ± 2.2 yrs; body weight = 84.0 ± 8.3 kg; height = 178.6 ± 8.3 cm) performed 50 repeated, submaximal (65% of concentric peak torque), concentric muscle actions of the dominant forearm flexors on an isokinetic dynamometer at 60°·s-1. Surface EMG and MMG signals were simultaneously recorded from the biceps brachii muscle. Polynomial regression analyses (first, second, …
Identification Of Kinematic And Kinetic Injury Risk Predictors In Division I Football Athletes,
2016
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Identification Of Kinematic And Kinetic Injury Risk Predictors In Division I Football Athletes, Corbin M. Rasmussen, Guilherme M. Cesar, Shinya Takahashi
UCARE: Research Products
biomechanical patterns and insufficiencies that may influence risk of ligamentous injury, such as an anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) tear. One kinematic pattern that has been identified as detrimental to ACL integrity is frontal plane knee collapse (valgus) during jumping and landing tasks.1 Inter-limb differences in force generation have also been connected to the occurrence of lower extremity injury.2 It is not known, however, whether these patterns contribute to the occurrence of lower extremity (LE) non-contact soft-tissue injury. The counter-movement vertical jump (CMVJ) is one way to simultaneously screen for knee collapse and asymmetrical force production patterns. This method was therefore …
Preliminary Results On Organization On The Court, Physical And Technical Performance Of Brazilian Professional Futsal Players: Comparison Between Friendly Pre-Season And Official Match,
2016
Universidade de São Paulo
Preliminary Results On Organization On The Court, Physical And Technical Performance Of Brazilian Professional Futsal Players: Comparison Between Friendly Pre-Season And Official Match, Luiz Henrique Palucci Vieira, Sera N. Doğramaci, Ricardo Augusto Barbieri, Fabio Milioni, Felipe Arruda Moura, Vitor Luiz De Andrade, Guilherme Manna Cesar, Paulo Roberto Pereira Santiago
Athletic Performance Research
The main aim of this study was to verify possible differences between a friendly pre-season match (FM) and an official in-season match (OM) regarding physical, technical, and organizational performances of a professional Brazilian futsal team. Ten professional futsal athletes participated in this study. The matches were monitored with video cameras (30 Hz) and athlete trajectories obtained with automatic tracking. The values obtained for distance covered per minute, percentage of distance covered at moderate intensity, team coverage area, spread, passes, possessions, ball touches and successful passes per minute were greater for the OM than FM. On the contrary, percentage of distance …
Pertinacity Volume 2 Issue 1,
2016
University of Connecticut - Storrs
A Perceptual Motor Intervention Improves Play Behavior In Children With Moderate To Severe Cerebral Palsy,
2016
University of Nebraska at Omaha
A Perceptual Motor Intervention Improves Play Behavior In Children With Moderate To Severe Cerebral Palsy, Bridget O. Ryalls, Regina T. Harbourne, Lisa Kelly-Vance, Jordan Wickstrom, Nikolaos Stergiou, Anastasia Kyvelidou
Journal Articles
For children with moderate or severe cerebral palsy (CP), a foundational early goal is independent sitting. Sitting offers additional opportunities for object exploration, play and social engagement. The achievement of sitting coincides with important milestones in other developmental areas, such as social engagement with others, understanding of spatial relationships, and the use of both hands to explore objects. These milestones are essential skills necessary for play behavior. However, little is known about how sitting and play behavior might be affected by a physical therapy intervention in children with moderate or severe CP. Therefore, our overall purpose in this study was …
Fission–Fusion Species Under Restricted Living Conditions: A Comparative Study Of Dyadic Interactions And Physical Proximity In Captive Bonobos And Bornean Orangutans,
2016
Zoological Garden Ulm
Fission–Fusion Species Under Restricted Living Conditions: A Comparative Study Of Dyadic Interactions And Physical Proximity In Captive Bonobos And Bornean Orangutans, Dorothee Classen, Stefanie Kiessling, Madhur Mangalam, Werner Kaumanns, Mewa Singh
Journal Articles
The present study investigates how the 'fission–fusion-adapted' bonobos and Bornean orangutans manage social relationships when kept under permanent group-living conditions. Our results showed that the bonobos and orangutans did not differ in the overall frequency of dyadic interactions. The orangutans evidently realized a potential to interact with partners, which on a surface did not differ from what was found in the bonobos. However, the bonobos spent more time on sociopositive interactions, especially on grooming and sit in contact, whereas the orangutans agonistically interacted with each other more often. Though frequencies of approaching were similar between the two species, orangutans actively …
Associations Between Mobility, Cognition And Callosal Integrity In People With Parkinsonism,
2016
Oregon Health and Science University
Associations Between Mobility, Cognition And Callosal Integrity In People With Parkinsonism, Brett W. Fling, Marian L. Dale, Carolin Curtze, Katrijn Smulders, John G. Nutt, Fay B. Horak
Journal Articles
Falls in people with parkinsonism are likely related to both motor and cognitive impairments. In addition to idiopathic Parkinson's disease (PD), some older adults have lower body parkinsonism (a frontal gait disorder), characterized by impaired lower extremity balance and gait as well as cognition, but without tremor or rigidity. Neuroimaging during virtual gait suggests that interhemispheric, prefrontal cortex communication may be involved in locomotion, but contributions of neuroanatomy connecting these regions to objective measures of gait in people with parkinsonism remains unknown. Our objectives were to compare the integrity of fiber tracts connecting prefrontal and sensorimotor cortical regions …
Perception-Action Mutuality Does Not Obviate Emergence Or The Animal’S Active Role In The Perceptual Act,
2016
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Perception-Action Mutuality Does Not Obviate Emergence Or The Animal’S Active Role In The Perceptual Act, Dobromir Dotov
Journal Articles
Open peer commentary on the article “Perception-Action Mutuality Obviates Mental Construction” by Martin Flament Fultot, Lin Nie & Claudia Carello. Upshot: The main goal of this commentary is to make more discriminative the comparison between enactive and ecological theories of perception. Emergence at the level of the animal-environment system might be playing the role attributed to mental construction in basic perceptual processes. If correct, this would render some forms of enactivism compatible with the theoretical tenets of the target article.
Task-Oriented Ankle And Foot Training For Improving Gait, Balance, And Strength In Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study,
2016
University of Dayton
Task-Oriented Ankle And Foot Training For Improving Gait, Balance, And Strength In Individuals With Multiple Sclerosis: A Pilot Study, Cizelle Rodriques, Kurt Jackson, Joaquin Alberto Barrios, Lloyd L. Laubach, Kimberly Edginton Bigelow
Physical Therapy Faculty Publications
The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the effects and feasibility of a task-oriented ankle and foot exercise program on gait, balance, and strength in 6 adults with mild to moderate disability from multiple sclerosis (MS). The subjects participated in an 8-wk task-specific home-based ankle and foot exercise program. Outcome measures included stance phase ankle joint torque and power, limits of stability, isometric and isokinetic ankle strength, gait speed, and the 12-item Multiple Sclerosis Walking Scale (MSWS-12). Five subjects completed the 8- wk intervention. Following training, there were significant increases in ankle power during early (38.1%) and late …
Hpcnmf: A High-Performance Toolbox For Non-Negative Matrix Factorization,
2016
Fox Chase Cancer Center
Hpcnmf: A High-Performance Toolbox For Non-Negative Matrix Factorization, Karthik Devarajan, Guoli Wang
COBRA Preprint Series
Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a widely used machine learning algorithm for dimension reduction of large-scale data. It has found successful applications in a variety of fields such as computational biology, neuroscience, natural language processing, information retrieval, image processing and speech recognition. In bioinformatics, for example, it has been used to extract patterns and profiles from genomic and text-mining data as well as in protein sequence and structure analysis. While the scientific performance of NMF is very promising in dealing with high dimensional data sets and complex data structures, its computational cost is high and sometimes could be critical for …
Mastoid Vibration Affects Dynamic Postural Control During Gait,
2016
University of Nebraska at Omaha
Mastoid Vibration Affects Dynamic Postural Control During Gait, Jung Chien, Mukul Mukherjee, Nicholas Stergiou
Journal Articles
Our objective was to investigate how manipulating sensory input through mastoid vibration (MV) could affect dynamic postural control during walking, with and without simultaneous manipulation of the visual and the somatosensory systems. We used three levels of MV (none, unilateral, and bilateral) via vibrating elements placed on the mastoid processes. We combined this with the six conditions of the Locomotor Sensory Organization Test (LSOT) paradigm to challenge the visual and somatosensory systems. We hypothesized that MV would affect both amount and temporal structure measures of sway variability during walking and that, in combination with manipulations of the visual and the …
Volumetric Flow Imaging Reveals The Importance Of Vortex Ring Formation In Squid Swimming Tail-First And Arms-First,
2016
Old Dominion University
Volumetric Flow Imaging Reveals The Importance Of Vortex Ring Formation In Squid Swimming Tail-First And Arms-First, Ian K. Bartol, Paul S. Krueger, Rachel A. Jastrebsky, Sheila Williams, Joseph T. Thompson
Biological Sciences Faculty Publications
Squids use a pulsed jet and fin movements to swim both arms-first (forward) and tail-first (backward). Given the complexity of the squid multi-propulsor system, 3D velocimetry techniques are required for the comprehensive study of wake dynamics. Defocusing digital particle tracking velocimetry, a volumetric velocimetry technique, and high-speed videography were used to study arms-first and tail-first swimming of brief squid Lolliguncula brevis over a broad range of speeds [0-10 dorsal mantle lengths (DML) s-1) in a swim tunnel. Although there was considerable complexity in the wakes of these multi-propulsor swimmers, 3D vortex rings and their derivatives were prominent reoccurring features …
