Biomechanics Commons^™

Effects Of Footedness And Stance Asymmetry Confirm An Inter-Leg Metastable Coordination Dynamics Of Standing Posture, Steven J. Harrison, Jeffrey M. Kinsella-Shaw, Dobromir Dotov

Journal Articles

We investigated the patterns of coordination between the left and right legs that support the task of maintaining an upright standing posture. We used cross-wavelet analyses to assess coordination between the centers of pressure under the left and right feet. We recruited participants with a lateralized functional preference for their right leg, and we manipulated whether these participants stood with symmetric/asymmetric stances and whether their eyes were open or closed. Our hypotheses were derived from the Haken-Kelso-Bunz (HKB) model of interlimb coordination dynamics. Consistent with HKB model predictions, we observed (1) coordination taking the form of metastable, transient epochs of …

The Design And Development Of A Wrist-Hand Orthosis, Amber Gatto

USF Tampa Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Individuals with an incomplete C5-C7 spinal cord injury (SCI) lose grasping abilities but wrist function is almost universally retained. Most rehabilitation techniques apply the tenodesis effect, however, current tenodesis wrist-hand orthoses (WHOs) engage only the thumb and index finger, meaning that only 20% of activities of daily living (ADLs) can be completed.

This study tested the feasibility of a student-designed powered WHO by testing the device on healthy subjects to see if they could complete a variety of ADLs. A simulation software was then used to analyze wrist, thumb, and index finger joint angles. Additionally, an Assistive Technology Survey was …

The Unique Demands Of Playing Posture On Youth Violinists And Violists, Liam Carroll

Honors Program: Senior Projects (Public)

The high prevalence of performing arts injuries is an acknowledged challenge facing the performing arts medicine community. The injuries seem to affect string players the most among orchestral musicians, specifically violinists and violists. The asymmetrical posture, head and neck displacement, and spinal displacement required by the posture to play violin and viola can lead to discomfort or injury in the performer. Performance related musculoskeletal disorders (PRMDs) can have an adverse impact on the life of a musician, preventing them from performing or making it uncomfortable. While there is a large body of research on PRMDs relating to adult musicians, there …

The Effects Of Strength And Conditioning On Functional Movement Screen™ Scores In Secondary School Basketball., Rollin Ross Dexter, Christopher P. Renggli, James May, Lindsay Larkins

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Purpose: Injury prevention and mitigation are among the primary responsibilities of Athletic Trainers. Research has indicated that basketball players at the secondary-school level suffer up to 2.1 time loss injuries (TLI) per 1,000 athletic exposures (AE). It has been suggested that Functional Movement Screen (FMS™) composite and individual task scores may help determine injury risk. Researchers have suggested that a variety of strength and conditioning strategies may positively alter both composite and individual FMS™ task scores and reduce movement asymmetry. Methods: During a retrospective analysis of the records of all junior varsity and varsity basketball players at one secondary school …

Student Athlete Perceptions Of Athletic Trainers’ Competence Based On Appearance And Dress, Jennifer J. Rogers

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Context: Physical appearance and dress attire may be a major influence on a person’s perception of an individual’s professional competence. Objective: To examine influence of Athletic Trainer (AT) physical appearance and dress attire on student-athletes’ perception of an AT’s competence. Design: Cross-Sectional Study Setting: NATA District 5 Participants: Student athletes (n=156; female: n=71; male: n=78) from NCAA Division III and NAIA institutions participated in the study. Interventions: Participants viewed one of four Body Mass Index (BMI) specific AT images [underweight BMI=18, normal weight BMI=24, overweight BMI=30, or an obese BMI=36] while answering 36 Student Athlete Response (SAR) Form survey questions …

The Effectiveness Of An Infrapatellar Strap On Reducing Pain Associated With Patellar Tendinopathy, Jenny Toonstra, Andrea Cripps

Journal of Sports Medicine and Allied Health Sciences: Official Journal of the Ohio Athletic Trainers Association

Purpose: To determine the effectiveness of an infrapatellar strap on pain reduction in participants with patellar tendinopathy. Methods: Articles were identified from PubMed, CINAHL, Medline, and SportDiscus using the string “((((patellar tendinitis OR patellar tendinopathy))) AND ((cho-pat strap OR infrapatellar strap OR compression device OR brace))) AND pain” from January 2009-January 2019, resulting in nine studies. After a review of the title and abstracts, six studies were reviewed in-depth. Of these articles, four studies met the inclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers assessed the level of evidence of included studies using the Oxford Center for Evidence-Based Medicine (2009). Changes in pain …

Lessons Learned: How To Organize Your Laboratory Meetings, Nicholas Stergiou

Journal Articles

In this issue, JAB continues a series of editorials from highlyimpactful faculty and researchers on“lessons learned”through-out their careers or lives. The hope is that the rest of us can benefitfrom their experiences. I would like to thank these individuals forsharing their thoughts with us.—Michael Madigan, Editor-in-ChiefNicholas Stergiou([email protected])is with the Divisionof Biomechanics and Research Development, University of Ne-braska Omaha, Omaha, NE; and the College of Public Health,University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE.

Energetic And Physical Limitations On The Breaching Performance Of Large Whales, Paolo S. Segre, Jean Potvin, David E. Cade, John Calambokidis, Jacopo Di Clemente, Frank E. Fish, Ari S. Friedlaender, William T. Gough, Shirel R. Kahane-Rapport, Claudia Oliveira, Susan E. Parks, Gwenith S. Penry, Malene Simon, Alison K. Stimpert, David N. Wiley, K. C. Bierlich, Peter T. Madsen, Jeremy A. Goldbogen

Biology Faculty Publications

The considerable power needed for large whales to leap out of the water may represent the single most expensive burst maneuver found in nature. However, the mechanics and energetic costs associated with the breaching behaviors of large whales remain poorly understood. In this study we deployed whale-borne tags to measure the kinematics of breaching to test the hypothesis that these spectacular aerial displays are metabolically expensive. We found that breaching whales use variable underwater trajectories, and that high-emergence breaches are faster and require more energy than predatory lunges. The most expensive breaches approach the upper limits of vertebrate muscle performance, …

Aromatic L-Amino Acid Decarboxylase Gene Therapy Enhanceslevodopa Response In Parkinson’S Disease, John G. Nutt, Carolin Curtze, Amie Hiller, Shannon Anderson, Paul S. Larson, Amber D. Van Laar, R. Mark Richardson, Marin E. Thompson, Alexander Sedkov, Mika Leinonen, Bernard Ravina, Krystof Bankiewicz, Chadwick W. Christine

Journal Articles

Background: As Parkinson’s disease progresses, levodopa treatment loses efficacy, partly through the loss of the endogenous dopamine-synthesizing enzyme L-amino acid decarboxylase (AADC). In the phase I PD-1101 study, putaminal administration of VY-AADC01, an investigational adeno-associated virus serotype-2 vector for delivery of the AADC gene in patients with advanced Parkinson’s disease, was well tolerated, improved motor function, and reduced antiparkinsonian medication requirements.

Objectives: This substudy aimed to determine whether the timing and magnitude of motor response to intravenous levodopa changed in PD-1101 patients after VY-AADC01administration.

Methods: Participants received 2-hour threshold (0.6 mg/kg/h) and suprathreshold (1.2 mg/kg/h) levodopa infusions …

How Stair Negotiation Affects Knee Joint Contact Forces In Individuals Post-Total Knee Arthroplasty, Todd Leutzinger

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

This study investigates how walking up and down stairs affects knee joint contact forces in individuals post-total knee arthroplasty compared to overground level walking and healthy controls.

Developing And Testing Of Low-Cost 3d Printed Prostheses To Restore And Improve Function Of Children With Congenital Or Traumatic Amputations, Rahul Raj, Christopher Copeland, Claudia Cortes Reyes, Kaitlin Fraser, David Salazar

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

The purpose of this investigation was to provide technical considerations and clinical evidence of the possible benefits and obstacles in the use of upper-limb 3D printed prostheses in paediatric populations. This information is crucial for clinicians interested in exploring the use of 3D printed prostheses for their patients. In the present study, children with congenital digit reductions (n=5); absent digits (one traumatic and four congenital) (n=5) and with upper-limb reductions (n=9). The perceived functionality of upper-limbs before the use of the prosthesis and after 4 months of use. In addition, gross dexterity, anthropometric measurements, active range of motion, and strength …

Determining The Optimal Tension For An Ankle-Foot Assistive Device, Cody Anderson

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Introduction

Peripheral artery disease (PAD) is caused by atherosclerosis, a buildup of cholesterol and fatty acid deposits, which blocks blood flow to the arms, legs, and feet. Ankle assistive devices have recently been implemented in various clinical population to improve walking ability. Our group has developed an ankle assistive device to improve walking ability in patients with PAD. This study tested our newly developed assistive device with several tension assistance levels and their effect on metabolic cost.

Methodology

Ten healthy subjects were recruited for this study. A spring was attached to the posterior side of the device parallel to the …

The Effect Of Sensory Input On The Temporal Structure Of Center Of Pressure In Stroke Survivors, Samantha Chong

UNO Student Research and Creative Activity Fair

Stroke is the leading cause of disability that affects 17 million people worldwide. Patients post-stroke suffer from maintaining balance because the brain may not be able to receive or process visual, vestibular and proprioceptive sensory information: all of which contribute towards maintaining stability. Information provided by vision is important for spatial orientation, as it develops an environmental perspective. Proprioception is detected through the stretching of tendons and surrounding tissue and is able to help the brain determine spatial location. The vestibular system provides a sense of balance detecting rotations and linear accelerations through the vestibulo-ocular reflex. The vestibular system is …

Step Width Variability As A Discriminator Of Age-Related Gait Changes, Andreas Skiadopoulos, Emily E. Moore, Harlan Sayles, Kendra K. Schmid, Nicholas Stergiou

Journal Articles

Background

There is scientific evidence that older adults aged 65 and over walk with increased step width variability which has been associated with risk of falling. However, there are presently no threshold levels that define the optimal reference range of step width variability. Thus, the purpose of our study was to estimate the optimal reference range for identifying older adults with normative and excessive step width variability.

Methods

We searched systematically the BMC, Cochrane Library, EBSCO, Frontiers, IEEE, PubMed, Scopus, SpringerLink, Web of Science, Wiley, and PROQUEST databases until September 2018, and included the studies that measured step width variability …

A Quantitative Comparison Of Arm Activity Between Women With Breast Cancer And Healthy, Mary Insana Fisher, Claire Davies, Timothy L. Uhl

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Purpose: Survivors of breast cancer (BC) on the non-dominant side have more persistent deficits than those with cancer on the dominant limb. What is not known is whether those with BC use their involved upper limbs more, less, or at the same level as women without BC. Accelerometer use offers a quantifiable method to measure activity levels of upper limbs. The purpose of this study was to quantify the activity levels of the non-dominant involved limb among survivors of BC and compare these values to their dominant limb, as well as the non-dominant limb of a control group.

Methods: Participants …

Reply, Matthew A. Fuglestad, Hernan Hernandez Md, Yue Gao, Henamari Ybay, Molly Schieber, Katyarina E. Brunette, Sara A. Myers, George P. Casale, Iraklis Pipinos

Journal Articles

Letter to the editor response

Validity Of The Body Scan Scanner® And Structure Sensor To Measure Limb Volume In Healthy Adults, Mary Insana Fisher, Michaela Claire Viola, Noah James Brueckner, Madison Elizabeth Wolfe, Rachel Lynn Kremer

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Purpose/Hypothesis: Secondary lymphedema is a chronic condition that can develop in approximately 30 percent of women treated for breast cancer. It is important to measure limb volume changes for early detection of lymphedema, when it is possible to reverse the swelling (stage 1). Common clinical measures carry concerns of infection control (water displacement), are time consuming (truncated cone calculation using circumferential measures), or expensive (perometry). Use of a portable 3D scanner addresses these concerns, but the validity is unknown. The purpose of this phase I study is to investigate the validity of the Body Scan Scanner to measure limb volume …

Auditory And Visual External Cues Have Different Effects On Spatial But Similar Effects On Temporal Measures Of Gait Variability, Joao R. Vaz, Troy Rand, Jessica Fujan-Hansen, Mukul Mukherjee, Nicholas Stergiou

Journal Articles

Walking synchronized to external cues is a common practice in clinical settings. Several research studies showed that this popular gait rehabilitation tool alters gait variability. There is also recent evidence which suggests that alterations in the temporal structure of the external cues could restore gait variability at healthy levels. It is unknown, however, if such alterations produce similar effects if the cueing modalities used are different; visual or auditory. The modality could affect gait variability differentially, since there is evidence that auditory cues mostly act in the temporal domain of gait, while visual cues act in the spatial domain of …

Swaying To The Complex Motion Of A Visual Target Affects Postural Sway Variability, Haralampos Sotirakis, Dimitrios A. Patikas, Nicholas Stergiou, Vassilia Hatzitaki

Journal Articles

Background

Voluntary shifting body weight in the anteroposterior direction is an important element of daily life activities, such as rising from a chair or initiating a step. In order to accommodate the daily-life challenges of such tasks, voluntary postural sway needs to be flexible and variable.

Research question

In this study we asked how whole-body tracking of a complex visual target motion with the concurrent provision of feedback modulates the variability of voluntary sway.

Methods

Twenty young adults (age: 27.10 ± 9.15years, height: 170.73 ± 9.40 cm, mass: 62.84 ± 11.48 kg) performed 132 cycles of voluntary antero-posterior sway, on …

Comparison Of Upper Extremity Function In Women With And Women Without A History Of Breast Cancer, Mary Insana Fisher, Gilson Capilouto, Terry Malone, Heather Bush, Timothy L. Uhl

Physical Therapy Faculty Publications

Design: This was an observational cross-sectional study.

Methods: Women who were diagnosed with breast cancer and had a mean post–surgical treatment time of 51 months (range = 12–336 months) were compared with women who did not have breast cancer (CTRL group). Self-reported upper extremity function using the Disabilities of the Arm, Shoulder and Hand (DASH) questionnaire and shoulder range of motion, strength, and muscular endurance were measured. Participants were divided into 3 groups: breast cancer involving the nondominant limb (BC-ND), breast cancer involving the dominant limb (BC-DOM), and CTRL.

Results: A total of 59 women in the CTRL group, 23 …