Biomechanics Commons^™

Linear And Nonlinear Measures Of Postural Control In A Toddler With Cerebral Palsy: Brief Report, Samuel R. Pierce, Athylia C. Paremski, Julie Skorup, Nicholas Stergiou, Ben Senderling, Laura A. Prosser

Journal Articles

Purpose:

The purpose of this study was to describe changes in linear and nonlinear measures of postural control along with motor outcomes in a young child with cerebral palsy.

Summary of Key Points:

Posturography in sitting and standing, the Gross Motor Function Measure-66 (GMFM-66), and the Early Clinical Assessment of Balance (ECAB) were performed prior to, during, and after physical therapy. The child demonstrated independent sitting throughout the study and developed independent standing during the study. He made improvements in the GMFM-66 and ECAB throughout the study. Higher average values were found in all linear and nonlinear measures in standing …

Atv Dynamics And Pediatric Rider Safety, James T. Auxier Ii

Theses and Dissertations--Biomedical Engineering

It has been observed through numerous academic and governmental agency studies that pediatric all-terrain vehicle ridership carries significant risk of injury and death. While no doubt valuable to safety, the post-hoc approach employed in these studies does little to explain the why and how behind the risk factors. Furthermore, there has been no prolonged, widespread, organized, and concerted effort to reconstruct and catalog the details and causes of the large (20,000+) number of ATV-related injuries that occur each year as has been done for road-based motor vehicle accidents. This dissertation takes the opposite approach from a meta-analysis and instead examines …

Is Postural Control During Unstable Sitting A Proxy Measure For Determinants Associated With Lumbar Stability?, Christian Larivière, Richard Preuss, Daniel Ludvig, Sharon M. Henry

Études primaires

Abstract

The aim of this study was to test whether determinants associated with lumbar stability can predict performance during unstable sitting (trunk postural control - TPC). If confirmed, unstable sitting could be viewed as a proxy measure for these determinants. Wobbling chair motion was measured in 58 subjects with an inertial sensor, and six outcomes were computed (mean frequency and velocity, frequency dispersion, two variables from the sway density analysis and Lyapunov exponent - short interval) to represent TPC performance. Subjects also performed five other trunk neuromuscular tests to quantify the thickness of back and abdominal muscles and …

The Independence Effects Of Gravitational And Inertial Forces On Gait Transitions In Humans, Nathan Frakes

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

The Dynamic Similarity hypothesis suggests gravitational and inertial forces plays a role in determining preferred transition speed (PTS) for walk to run transitions (WRT) and run to walk transitions (RWT), and that humans prefer to transition gait when the ratio of inertial force (IF) to gravitational force (GF) (i.e. Froude #) is ~0.5. Purpose: To investigate the effect of gravitational and inertial forces on PTS, Froude # (Fr) and kinematics for both WRT and RWT. Methods: Twelve healthy adults (9 M, 3 F) performed WRT and RWT trials on a treadmill across seven combinations of altered body weight (BW) and …

Comparing Knee Joint Mechanics Across Phases Of The Menstrual Cycle, Bethany Kilpatrick

Cal Poly Humboldt theses and projects

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are among the most commonly occurring knee injury. Compared to men in the same sports, females are two to eight times at higher risk for ACL injury. Research suggests that hormone fluctuations across the menstrual cycle (MC) play a crucial role in ACL injuries due to their effect on tendons and ligament's mechanical properties. PURPOSE: To examine knee joint laxity during dynamic movements across three-time points of the MC. METHODS: Seven young, healthy females with regular MCs performed three jump-landing tasks (double leg depth jump, single-leg lateral jump, and single-leg forward jump) across the early-follicular, …

Feasibility Of Quantifying The Physical Exposure Of Materials Handlers In The Workplace With Magnetic And Inertial Measurement Units, Xavier Robert-Lachaine, Christian Larue, Denys Denis, Alain Delisle, Hakim Mecheri, Philippe Corbeil, André Plamondon

Études primaires

Handling tasks can expose workers to risk factors. The objective was to describe the feasibility of using magnetic and inertial measurement units (MIMUs) to quantify the physical exposure of materials handlers in the workplace. Full-body kinematics were obtained with MIMUs on 10 handlers gathering products ordered by retailers with a pallet truck. An observer classified the visual difference (VD) of segment orientation between a MIMUs avatar and video recordings in three categories (none, minor and major) for each product transfer. The feet, arms, shoulders and head were considered similar for ≥97% of observations. The trunk segment obtained the most differences …

Structural Remodelling Of The Lumbar Multifidus, Thoracolumbar Fascia And Lateral Abdominal Wall Perimuscular Connective Tissues: A Cross-Sectional And Comparative Ultrasound Study, Christian Larivière, Richard Preuss, Dany H. Gagnon, Hakim Mecheri, Sharon M. Henry

Études primaires

Introduction

With low back pain (LBP), remodelling of the lumbar soft tissues involves both trunk muscles and neighbouring passive connective tissues. The aim of the present study was to compare three quantitative measures of these tissues, using ultrasound imaging (USI), among healthy controls and individuals with LBP.

Methods

USI measures from 30 healthy subjects and 34 patients with non-acute LBP were compared between groups and sexes. The measures employed were (1) lumbar multifidus echogenicity (fatty/fibrosis infiltration) at three vertebral levels; (2) posterior layer thickness of the thoracolumbar fascia, and (3) thickness of the perimuscular tissues surrounding the external oblique, internal …

Validation Of A Low-Cost Inertial Motion Capture System For Whole-Body Motion Analysis, X. Robert-Lachaine, H. Mecheri, A. Muller, C. Larue, A. Plamondon

Études primaires

While some low-cost inertial motion capture (IMC) systems are now commercially available, generally, they have not been evaluated against gold standard optical motion capture (OMC). The objective was to validate the low-cost Neuron IMC system with OMC. Whole-body kinematics were recorded on five healthy subjects during manual handling of boxes for about 32 min while wearing 17 magnetic and inertial measurement units with Optotrak clusters serving as a reference. The kinematical model was calibrated anatomically for OMC and with poses for IMC. Local coordinate systems were aligned with angular velocities to dissociate differences due to technology or kinematical model. Descriptive …

Effects Of A Strength Training Intervention And Quality Of Life: Case Study On A Sedentary Adult Female, Lucas Frazier

Williams Honors College, Honors Research Projects

The purpose of the project is to evaluate physiological and quality of life changes in a

sedentary, senior-aged (55 or older) female using a six-week strength training

intervention. This case study will instruct how to perform a push-pull-legs split

routine by going to the gym three times per week. Prior to the six week intervention,

both quantitative and qualitative variables will be collected to assess baseline data,

including the subject’s resting heart rate, resting blood pressure, grip strength, one-

repetition maximum on seven whole body exercises (dumbbell bicep curl, tricep

pushdown, barbell bench press, wide-grip lat pull-down, seated dumbbell press, …

Spinal Motor Neuron Excitability And Balance Control Changes Following Downslope Walking, Nikki Aitcheson-Huehn

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Downslope walking (DSW) has been proposed as a rehabilitation tool for people with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) although there are mixed findings in young adults (YA) regarding the balance control changes, despite both populations experiencing depressed spinal motor neuron (MN) pool excitability. Our aim was to determine whether YAs could demonstrate improved balance control in conjunction with SOL H reflex depression (estimate of spinal MN excitability) following DSW. We also aimed to determine whether reciprocal inhibition was a potential mechanism for H reflex depression via conditioned SOL H reflexes. Thirty young adults (23±1.4y, 6 males) were assigned to 30-minutes of DSW …

Subject-Specific Regression Equations To Estimate Lower Spinal Loads During Symmetric And Asymmetric Static Lifting, F. Ghezelbash, A. Shirazi-Adl, Z. El Ouaaid, A. Plamondon, N. Arjmand

Études primaires

Workplace safety assessment, personalized treatment design and back pain prevention programs require accurate subject-specific estimation of spinal loads. Since no noninvasive method can directly estimate spinal loads, easy-to-use regression equations that are constructed based on the results of complex musculoskeletal models appear as viable alternatives. Thus, we aim to develop subject-specific regression equations of L4-L5 and L5-S1 shear and compression forces during various symmetric/asymmetric tasks using a nonlinear personalized finite element musculoskeletal trunk model. Kinematics and electromyography (EMG) activities of 19 young healthy subjects were collected during 64 different symmetric/asymmetric tasks. To investigate the reliability and accuracy of the musculoskeletal …

The Effects Of A 6-Week Controlled Whole-Body Vibration Training Program In Reducing Falls Risk Among Healthy Older Adults, Fabricio Saucedo Jr.

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Falling is the second leading cause of accidental or injury-related death in the aging population worldwide and a leading cause of serious injury. Whole-body vibration (WBV) training has been implemented as a way to improve functional performance among the elderly and reduce the falls risk. The purposes of this study were: 1) examine to what extent a six-week course of WBV training reduced falls risk and improved fall outcomes in response to slips, and 2) examine whether the benefits of WBV training could be retained at least 2 months after the completion of the entire training session. A total of …

The Effects Of Advancing Stages Of Pregnancy On Balance And Stair Locomotion In Healthy Females, Heather Vanderhoof

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Background: One in four females fall while pregnant, which may lead to injury, hospitalization, or birth complications. No empirical research has been conducted on single-limb support (SLS) balance or joint kinematics during stair locomotion in pregnant and postpartum females. The aim of this study was to quantify possible alterations to postural control and stair kinematics in advancing stages of pregnancy when compared to non-pregnant females. Methods: This cross-sectional study compared eighteen females, consisting of six non-pregnant controls, five 2nd trimester, four 3rd trimester, and three postpartum. Center of pressure excursion area data were obtained during static balance trials on a …

The Influence Of Over-Ground Versus Treadmill Walking On Gait Mechanics In Children With Autism Spectrum Disorder, Emily Ann Chavez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Treadmill (TM) walking may be a way to combat obesity and socio-behavioral barriers associated with children with Autism Spectrum disorder (ASD), though tripping-risk has not yet been assessed for this population through use of spatial-temporal gait analysis. The aim of this project/study was to examine spatial-temporal walking mechanics and lower extremity tripping descriptors between over ground (OG) and TM gait conditions in children with ASD compared to children with neurotypical development (NT). Kinematics data were obtained through tridimensional motion analysis where participants, 10 children with ASD and 9 age- and sexmatched NT controls, were outfitted with retroreflective markers on their …

A Full Collegiate Volleyball Season Does Not Influence Jumping Or Landing Performance In Freshmen And Sophomore Players, Christian Noel Sanchez

Open Access Theses & Dissertations

Knee injuries are devastating and typically experienced by athletes when performing jumping and landing tasks throughout a complete collegiate volleyball season. The purpose of this study was to examine changes in lower extremity strength, frontal plane knee angles and moments, jump performance during a countermovement and approach jump before and after a complete Division I collegiate volleyball season in female volleyball freshman and sophomores. Eight freshman/sophomore female collegiate volleyball players participated in the study. Lower extremity strength was assessed using an isokinetic dynamometer, kinematic and kinetic data were obtained through three-dimensional motion capture system and force platforms, respectively. Participants performed …

Toll-Like Receptor 4 Inhibition Differentially Impacts Intervertebral Disc Axial Mechanics In Wild Type And Sparc-Null Mice, Mitch Whittal

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

Study Design. In vivo examination of the influence of TAK-242 (resatorvid) treatment on the mechanical properties of the intervertebral disc (IVD) in secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) gene knockout (SPARC-null) mice.

Objectives. To examine if chronic TAK-242 treatment mitigates mechanical degradation associated with IVD degeneration in SPARC-null mice.

Summary of Background data. IVD degeneration is associated with low back pain (LBP) and is accompanied by mechanical changes to the spine. SPARC is a protein that contributes to the functioning and maintenance of the extracellular matrix (ECM), with SPARC-null mice displaying accelerated IVD degeneration. TAK-242 is a toll-like …

Biomechanical Comparison Of "Old" And "New" Cheer Shoes In Collegiate Cheerleaders, Abigail C. Johnson

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

INTRODUCTION: The sport of cheerleading requires that athletes perform with a high degree of flexibility, strength, endurance, and balance. The leading injury in cheerleading is a lateral, inversion, ankle sprain. As footwear serves as an interface between the foot and the surrounding environment, characteristics of shoes should be monitored to determine the effects on proprioceptive communication. No previous literature was found that examined the biomechanical differences between “Old” and “New” shoes in collegiate cheerleaders. PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to examine the biomechanical differences exhibited by collegiate cheerleaders while performing balance testing and step-down, landing tasks in “old” …

The Effect Of Acute Fatigue On Reactive Strength Index In Modern Dancers, Jordan Tingman

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute fatigue on stretch shortening cycle (SSC) performance measured by the Reactive Strength Index (RSI) derived from a drop jump. Methods: Twelve professional modern dancers (8 female, 4 male) participated in this study. Two force plates were utilized to record the force-time data during drop jumps (DJ) before and after an acute, fatiguing protocol. Dancers performed a 5-10 minute self-selected warm up followed by 3-5 practice trials of DJs onto the force plates. Three trials were recorded from each dancer with 30-60 seconds (s) of rest between trials. …

Kinematic Differences On Mid-Range Basketball Jump-Shot Between Experienced And Less-Experienced Collegiate Player, Agam Akhmad Syaukani, Li Chun Yan

Jurnal Keolahragaan

Jump shot in modern basketball is an effective scoring way to overcome pressure of the defender. Fundamental jump shot technique relies on experience and biomechanical analyses. The purpose of this analysis was to evaluate kinematic profile of basketball players based on their experience level during mid-range jump shot. Four experienced basketball players and four less-experienced basketball players participated in the experiment. Jump shot phase was classified into 3 categories: preparatory, action, and follow-through. Angular displacement and angular velocity were measured using three-dimension (3D) motion capture technology. One-way Anova analysis indicated significant differences on several kinematic parameters between groups. On preparatory …

Baseball And Biomechanics: Injury Prevention For Baseball Pitcher, Fajar Awang Irawan, Chuang Long-Ren

Jurnal Keolahragaan

Pitching was the fastest motion in baseball. Upper extremity has important roles especially in shoulder, elbow, wrist, and fingers. The purpose of this study was to integrate the information in a resume of biomechanical pitching and baseball pitcher's injuries. The data base used refers to PubMed, SAGE, and Elsevier and several relevance journals related to baseball and injuries. Source refers to the data since December 2017 to the oldest 2000 to get data source in baseball pitcher injuries. Upper arm has the prominent role when pitching to get maximum motion and joints stabilize. Rotator cuff muscle generate rotation in the …