Forest Sciences Commons^™

High And Dry: Post-Fire Tree Seedlingestablishment In Subalpine Forestsdecreases With Post-Fire Drought Andlarge Stand-Replacing Burn Patches, Brian J. Harvey, Daniel C. Donato, Monica G. Turner

Aspen Bibliography

Aim: Climate warming and increased wildfire activity are hypothesized to catalyse biogeographical shifts, reducing the resilience of fire-prone forests world-wide. Two key mechanisms underpinning hypotheses are: (1) reduced seed availability in large stand-replacing burn patches, and (2) reduced seedling establishment/survival after post-fire drought. We tested for regional evidence consistent with these mechanisms in an extensive fire-prone forest biome by assessing post-fire tree seedling establishment, a key indicator of forest resilience.

Location: Subalpine forests, US Rocky Mountains.

Methods: We analysed post-fire tree seedling establishment from 184 field plots where stand-replacing forest fires were followed by varying post-fire climate conditions. Generalized linear …

Extending The Latent Multinomial Model With Complex Error Processes And Dynamic Markov Bases, Simon J. Bonner, Matthew R. Schofield, Patrik Noren, Steven J. Price

Forestry and Natural Resources Faculty Publications

The latent multinomial model (LMM) of Link et al. [Biometrics 66 (2010) 178–185] provides a framework for modelling mark-recapture data with potential identification errors. Key is a Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) scheme for sampling configurations of the latent counts of the true capture histories that could have generated the observed data. Assuming a linear map between the observed and latent counts, the MCMC algorithm uses vectors from a basis of the kernel to move between configurations of the latent data. Schofield and Bonner [Biometrics 71 (2015) 1070–1080] shows that this is sufficient for some models within the …

Failure Of Biological Control Of Frankliniella Occidentalis On Protected Eggplants Using Amblyseius Swirskii In The Mediterranean Region Of Turkey, Hali̇l Kütük, Mehmet Karacaoğlu, Mustafa Tüfekli̇, Raul Villanueva

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The western flower thrips, Frankliniella occidentalis (Pergande), is one of the most important insect pests in the Mediterranean region of Turkey. Thrips infestation is the main cause of vegetable crops losses in low polythene tunnels and plastic greenhouses. Chemical control has been the primary means to control F. Occidentalis in protected cultivation systems in Turkey. A search of alternatives to conventional insecticides for the control of F. Occidentalis has drawn increased interest in the use of biocontrol agents. This study evaluated the control efficiency of F. Occidentalis on eggplants through releases of the predatory mite Amblyseius swirskii (Athias-Henriot) at a …

The Influence Of Strainer Types On The Flow And Droplet Velocity Characteristicsof Ceramic Flat-Fan Nozzles, Bahadir Sayinci

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study focused on determining the effect of various strainer types and their usage without strainer on the flow and droplet velocity characteristics of ceramic flat-fan nozzles. The nozzle types discussed are the standard (APE), low pressure drift reduction (ADI), and wide pressure range (AXI). The results of this study show that the orifice coefficient (k) of the ADI nozzle with a preorifice was lower than those of the API and AXI nozzles. The ball check strainers had a limiting effect on the nozzle's flow rate. The pressure exponent coefficients (n) were 0.57 for the API nozzle and 0.62 for …

Determination Of Forage Quality By Near-Infrared Reflectance Spectroscopy In Soybean, Sovetgul Asekova, Sang-Ik Han, Hong-Jib Choi, Sang-Jo Park, Dong-Hyun Shin, Chan-Ho Kwon, J. Grover Shannon, Jeong Dong Lee

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Soybeans have been a favored livestock forage for centuries. However, only a few studies have been conducted to estimate the forage quality of soybean by near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy (NIRS). In this study, 353 forage soybean samples were used to develop near-infrared reflectance (NIR) equations to estimate four forage quality parameters: crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid detergent fiber (ADF). Samples included 181 recombinant inbred lines derived from PI 483463 (G. Soja) × Hutcheson (G. Max), 104 cultivated soybeans (G. Max), and 68 wild soybeans (G. Soja). Two NIR equations developed for CP and CF …

Diversity Analysis Of Green Gram (Vigna Radiata (L.) Wilczek)Through Morphological And Molecular Markers, Gunjeet Kaur, Arunabh Joshi, Devendra Jain, Ravish Choudhary, Divya Vyas

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Twenty-three genotypes of green gram (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek) were collected to determine the extent of genetic diversity through morphological characters as well as random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD), inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), and simple sequence repeat (SSR) fingerprinting results. Analysis of variance revealed significant mean square values that indicated a substantial degree of genetic variability among the genotypes. Significant genetic variance was observed for days to 50% maturity, days to maturity, plant height (cm), number of branches/plant, number of pods/plant, pod length (cm), 1000-seed weight (g), seed yield/plant (g), biological yield (g), and harvest index (%) during cultivation in …

Improving Nitrogen-Use And Radiation-Use Efficiencies Of C4 Summer Cerealsby Split Nitrogen Applications Under An Irrigated Arid Environment, Shakeel Ahmad, Hakoomat Ali, Umair Farooq, Shahzad Usman Khan, Atique-Ur Rehman, Naeem Sarwar, Ahmad Naeem Shahzad, Hülya Doğan, Shabbir Hussain, Muhammad Tauseef Sultan, Abdul Waheed, Muhammad Zia Ul Haq, Khadim Hussain, Muhammad Azam Khan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Increasing resource-use efficiency is of prime importance in sustainable agriculture. A field study was carried out to improve nitrogen-use efficiency (NUE) and radiation-use efficiency (RUE) of three C4 summer cereals, i.e. Maize, millet, and sorghum, under an irrigated arid environment. The results showed that among various cultivars of cereals, cultivars Pearl (maize), 18 BY (millet), and Jumbo (sorghum) produced the highest aboveground total dry matters and grain yields. The highest NUE and RUE were obtained by splitting the nitrogen dose 3 times, i.e. At sowing and at first and second irrigation. The NUE for maize, millet, and sorghum varied from …

First Report Of ?Candidatus Phytoplasma Solani? On A Newhost Marigold (Tagetes Erecta L.), Şevket Alp, Mustafa Usta, Hi̇kmet Murat Si̇pahi̇oğlu, Abdullah Güller

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) plants, also called Mexican or Aztec marigold, with symptoms of shoot proliferation, dwarfing, and reddening were observed in ornamental gardens of Van Province (Turkey). Five plants, two of them showing reddening and three symptomless plants, were sampled at the end of September 2014. Genomic DNA isolated from symptomatic and nonsymptomatic plant leaves was used to amplify 16S rDNA fragments by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Of the 5 marigold samples tested by PCR, only the two showing reddening symptoms yielded the expected 1.2-kb DNA fragments. Amplified PCR fragments were cloned into a plasmid vector and transformed …

Use Of Black Locust/Poplar Wood As Filler In Thermoplastic Composites, Seyyed Khalil Hosseinihashemi, Sina Karimi, Ahmad Jahan Latibari, Abbas Tamjidi, Nadi̇r Ayrilmiş

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Wood plastic composites (WPCs) were produced from different mixtures (up to 45% by weight) of poplar (Populus alba L.) and pruning branches of black locust (Robinia pseudoacacia) wood flours, polypropylene (53 wt.%), and maleic anhydride-grafted polypropylene (2 wt.%). Weight loss, flexural strength (MOR), flexural modulus (MOE), notched impact strength (IS), water absorption (WA), and thickness swelling (TS) of WPCs after 24 h of immersion in distilled water were determined before and after incubation with white-rot fungus (Trametes versicolor) for 7 weeks. The MOR and MOE increased with an increase in poplar wood in the WPC. The notched IS decreased with …

Investigation Of Pollen Morphological Characteristics In Some Quince (Cydonia Oblonga Mill.) Cultivars, Aleksandar Radovic, Dragan Nikolic, Dragan Milatovic, Dejan Djurovic, Jugoslav Trajkovic

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Morphological characterization of pollen grains is very important in the identification of individual species and cultivars of fruit trees, including quince. As material for these studies, the pollen of eight quince cultivars, Leskovacka, Vranjska, Morava, Pazardzijska, Hemus, Asenica, Portugal, and Triumph was used. During the 3-year study period (2010-2012), using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the following characteristics were investigated: the size and shape of pollen grains (length, width, and length-to-width ratio), colpus length, colpus width, mesocolpium width, and characteristics of exine pattern [number of ridges per area (100 μm2) at the equatorial region of exine, ridge width, and furrow width]. …

Short-Term Changes Of Leaf Area Index, Light Transmission, And Gap In A Temperate Mixed Deciduous Forest Ecosystem In Bartın, Turkey, İlyas Bolat, Ömer Kara, Meli̇h Öztürk

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In this study, leaf area index (LAI), light transmission, and gap were estimated by using the hemispherical photograph analysis technique with Hemisfer software version 1.5.3 for a temperate mixed deciduous forest. The height of the overall vegetation in the stand ranged from 15 to 20 m, and the diameters of the trees in the stand at breast height varied between 14 and 28 cm. This study showed that the mean value of LAI increased by 4% in the 5-year period from 2007 to 2012. LAI was significantly (P < 0.05) greater in 2012 than in 2007, whereas the mean percentage of light transmission was significantly lower in 2012 than it was in 2007. In addition, there was a significant (P < 0.01) correlation between LAI and light transmission, and there was also a statistically significant correlation between the gap and light transmission (P < 0.05). According to long-term meteorological data (1982-2012), this study also demonstrated that the mean air temperature rose approximately 1.0 °C between 2007 and 2012. Consequently, this study indicated that LAI varies with respect to time and the increase of LAI leads to a decrease in light transmission. Additionally, the air temperature and precipitation have a significant influence on the LAI.

Inheritance Of Fuzz And Lint Fiber Initiation Of Cotton (Gossypium Hirsutum L.), Adem Bardak, Yüksel Bölek

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Fibers of cultivated cotton are classified into two types, lint and fuzz. Fuzzless seeds are cotton seeds lacking fuzz on almost the whole surface of the seed except for small amounts of fuzz at the micropylar or chalazal regions. Fuzzless seeds provide a number of advantages such as avoiding delintation processes and increasing the quality of feed rations. Therefore, it is important to develop varieties having seeds without fuzz but with high fiber ratios. This study, in which three different F2 populations have been developed by using three distinct genotypes as parents, was conducted to investigate the quantitative inheritance of …

Boron Affects The Yield And Quality Of Nonirrigated Pistachio (Pistacia Vera L.) Trees, İzzet Açar, İlhan Doran, Nevzat Aslan, Ni̇lgün Kalkanci

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In Turkey, more than 95% of the pistachio (Pistacia vera L.) orchards are not irrigated. Therefore, a 4-year field trial was conducted to determine the effect of Tarımbor fertiliser (containing 18.5% boron [B]) on the yield, quality, and B content of two pistachio cultivars ('Uzun' and 'Siirt') planted under nonirrigated conditions. Tarımbor was applied to the pistachio trees as a soil application (0, 200, 400, and 600 g/tree) and a foliar spray (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% w/v, using a tractor-mounted sprayer at the 'early bud break' stage and the 'fully leafed out' stage). Both the soil and foliar applications …

Pathogenicity Of Selected Entomopathogenic Fungal Isolates Against The Oak Lace Bug, Corythucha Arcuata Say. (Hemiptera: Tingidae), Under Controlled Conditions, Emi̇ne Sönmez, Zi̇hni̇ Demi̇rbağ, İsmai̇l Demi̇r

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Corythucha arcuata (Say) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) is a pest of oaks that is highly distributed in several regions of the world, including North America, the Balkan Peninsula, Europe, and Turkey. In the present study, ten entomopathogenic fungi belonging to four different genera (Metarhizium (x4), Beauveria (x4), Isaria (x1), and Myriodontium (x1)) were tested against nymphs and adults of C. arcuata under laboratory conditions. Based on the initial screening studies, it was shown that all isolates were able to infect both nymph and adult individuals of the pest after application of 1 × 107 mL-1 conidial concentration. Among the tested isolates, Beauveria …

Evaluation Of Some Cherry Varieties Grafted On Gisela 5 Rootstock, Viktor Gjamovski, Marjan Kiptijanovski, Tosho Arsov

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The results of the evaluation of yield and pomological characteristics of 9 cherry varieties (Sylvia, Kordia, Sunburst, Van, Summit, Stark Hardy Giant, Regina, Octavia, and Sum) and the local cherry variety Dolga siska, grafted on dwarfing rootstock Gisela 5, are presented in this paper. The research was conducted in an experimental orchard located in the village of Kosel in the Ohrid region. The orchard was planted in 2009 with a planting distance of 3.8 x 2 m. The training system of the trees is the central leader system. Intensive agricultural techniques are implemented in the orchard. The orchard is under …

Determination Of In-Row Seed Distribution Uniformity Using Image Processing, Engi̇n Çakir, İkbal Aygün, Arzu Yazgi, Yi̇ği̇t Karabulut

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The objective of this study was to determine the seed distribution uniformity of seeding machines using a low sensitivity (maximum 300 frames per second (fps)) high-speed camera and image processing method for corn, cotton, and wheat seeds under laboratory conditions. For this purpose, a high-speed camera with 100, 200, and 300 fps was used to measure the seed drop from the seeding tube onto the sticky belt. Video images then were transferred to the image processing algorithm, from which seed distribution can be calculated. The calculated measurements were compared statistically with the measurements obtained from sticky belt tests. According to …

The Effects Of Different Nitrogen And Phosphorus Doses On Essentialoil Components Of Some Mentha Genotypes, Meryem Yeşi̇l, Kemaletti̇n Kara

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The present study was conducted in Erzurum during the years 2010 and 2011 to determine the effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus doses on essential oil components of spearmint genotypes (Mentha spicata L. and Mentha villoso-nervata Opiz.). Two genotypes of Mentha spicata (genotypes 2 and 6) and one genotype of Mentha villoso-nervata (genotype 4) were tested under three nitrogen and phosphorus doses (0, 50, and 100 kg/ha) in a randomized complete block design with three replications. Essential oil components of the genotypes were determined and subjected to variance analysis. Effects of experimental year and nitrogen and phosphorus doses on investigated …

Invasibility Of Three Major Non-Native Invasive Shrubs And Associated Factors In Upper Midwest U.S. Forest Lands, W. Keith Moser, Zhaofei Fan, Mark H. Hansen, Michael K. Crosby, Shirley X. Fan

United States Department of Agriculture, Forest Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

We used non-native invasive plant data from the United States Forest Service’s Forest Inventory and Analysis (FIA) program, spatial statistical methods, and the space (cover class)-for-time approach to quantify the invasion potential and success (‘‘invasibility”) of three major invasive shrubs (multiflora rose, non-native bush honeysuckles, and common buckthorn) in broadly classified forest-type groups in seven Upper Midwest states. Smoothed maps of presence and cover percent showed a strong clustering pattern for all three invasive shrubs despite their different ranges. The species are clustered around major cities or urban areas (e.g., Chicago, Illinois, and Des Moines, Iowa), indicating the potential role …

Comparing Economic Returns Of Red Pine Plantation Thinning Scenarios Using Forest Vegetation Simulator (Fvs), Curtis L. Vanderschaaf, Gordon Holley, Andrew Arends, Joshua Adams, Donald Deckard

Journal of the Minnesota Academy of Science

Red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait) plantations are an important cover type of Department of Natural Resources (DNR) lands because of relatively high yields and economic value. Out of the approximate 400,000 acres of Minnesota red pine plantations one-fifth of the acreage is managed by the DNR. The DNR recently established a policy to rescind purposeful management to manage all red pine plantations to extended rotation ages, or rotation ages beyond those maximizing economic returns or biological yields. With recent state budget issues, DNR management is under greater scrutiny by the public, particularly on School Trust lands. Hence, most red pine …

A Molecular Characterization Of The Fungal Endophytes Within The Needles Of Ponderosa Pine (Pinus Ponderosa), Amy E. Gray

EWU Masters Thesis Collection

"Fungal endophytes (microbial fungi that live in plant tissues without causing disease) are ubiquitous in plants studied to date. Many conifers host endophytes that produce important bioactive secondary metabolites. While the endophytes in Pinus ponderosa roots have been studied, the endophyte communities within the needles are not well characterized by molecular means: thus, the goal of this study was to do so. Needles were sampled at two sites located five kilometers apart along a slight precipitation gradient in Eastern Washington State. Fungal DNA (along with pine DNA) was isolated directly from needles of two ages. Internal transcribed spacer regions of …