Food Science Commons^™

Design And Application Of Stepped Stem Classifier With High Frequency, Zheng Xi, Xia Zilong, Yuan Haixia, Wang Shanshan, Li Jun, Guan Aizhang, Wang Yonghai, Yang Ming, Zeng Weizhong

Food and Machinery

To improve the online screening effect of tobacco stem, and ensure quality of the processing materials of fibriform stems in slim cigarettes, a new type of stem screening device is designed by using high-frequency and low-intensity vibration technology, which has been applicated online. The device is mainly composed of a two-stage tank body, a plurality of sets of strip screens and vibration motors, realizing reciprocating motion of the classifier by high-frequency and low-intensity vibration force. The device has high vibration frequency, good screening effect and low energy consumption, which is a stepped stem classifier with high frequency satisfying the continuous …

Effects Of Modification By D-Galactosamine On Structural Properties And Antioxidant Activities Of Corn Glutelin, Wang Xiaojie, Qu Yue, Liu Xiaolan, Congwan Suo

Food and Machinery

The transglutaminase (TGase) and D-galactosamine were modified improve the solubility in water of corn glutelin. The effect of the glycosylation modification on structural properties and antioxidant activities of original corn glutelin were evaluated. The result of Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy indicated that D-galactosamine was covalently conjugated to corn glutelin under the catalysis of transglutaminase. The free amino groups and the denaturation temperature, as well as the enthalpy of thermal denaturation of the glycosylated corn glutelin, decreased by 158 mmol/kg protein and 9.03 ℃ and 68.74 J/g compared with the original corn glutelin, respectively. These indicated that the structure of corn …

Research On Optimization Of Short-Smoke Tobacco Structure Based On Grey Correlation Method, Wang Tianyi, Gao Zunhua, Fan Lei, Chu Han, Li Jinghao, Li Xiao, Yao Ermin

Food and Machinery

Tobacco structure after shredding, baking, flavoring and storage was analyzed by the gray correlation method to determine the optimal shredding size, and then the tobacco structure was optimized by using a tobacco cutting device. The results showed that the short cigarette had the problems of low full strands rate and high long strands rate. It was found that the full strands rate was less than 80.00%, and the long strands rate was more than 40.00%; the middle strands rate ranged from 20.00% to 30.00%, and the broken strands rate was less than 2.00%. There was strong positive relation between the …

The Research Progress On Antimicrobial Activity, Mechanism And Application Of Plant Polyphenols, Fei Peng, Zhao Shengjuan, Chen Xi, Xiang Jinle, Yang Tongxiang, Xu Yunfeng, Zhou Lianxin, Guo Ling, Kang Huaibin

Food and Machinery

In this review, the antimicrobial effect of plant polyphenols on foodborne pathogenic microorganisms was firstly comprehensively summarized, and the antimicrobial mechanisms of plant polyphenols were elucidated from the aspects of cell morphology destruction, cell membrane potential, normal energy metabolism and inhibition of macromolecular synthesis. Moreover, the applications of plant polyphenols as potential preservatives in food fresh keeping and storage were generalized. Finally, the current problems about antimicrobial mechanisms and applications of plant polyphenols were analyzed.

Experimental Evidence For Adaptation To Species-Specific Gut Microbiota In House Mice, Andrew H. Moeller, João C. Gomes-Neto, Sara Mantz, Hatem Kittana, Rafael R. Segura Munoz, Robert J. Schmaltz, Amanda E. Ramer-Tait, Michael W. Nachman

Department of Food Science and Technology: Faculty Publications

The gut microbial communities of mammals have codiversified with host species, and changes in the gut microbiota can have profound effects on host fitness. Therefore, the gut microbiota may drive adaptation in mammalian species, but this possibility is underexplored. Here, we show that the gut microbiota has codiversified with mice in the genus Mus over the past 6 million years, and we present experimental evidence that the gut microbiota has driven adaptive evolution of the house mouse, Mus musculus domesticus. Phylogenetic analyses of metagenomeassembled bacterial genomic sequences revealed that gut bacterial lineages have been retained within and diversified alongside Mus …

Physiological Response Of ‘Fuji’ Apples To Irradiation And The Effect On Quality, Nasim Kheshti, Anderson Adriano Martins Melo, Alan Baquero Cedeno, David Obenland, Anuradha Prakash

Food Science Faculty Articles and Research

The objective of this study was to determine the influence of irradiation-induced physiological responses on quality parameters in ‘Fuji’ apples. Apples were treated at 377 and 1148 Gy, stored for 7 days at 1 °C to mimic ground transportation to Mexico and another 7 days at ambient temperature to simulate retail and consumer storage conditions. Irradiation suppressed ethylene production, especially in the 1148 Gy treated apples, which was consistent with lower activities of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO). A dose-dependent increase in respiration rate corresponded with decreases in titratable acidity (TA) and organic acids. Higher electrolyte leakage in apples irradiated at the …

Growing South Dakota (Summer 2019), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

[Page] 3 Celebration of Faculty Excellence
[Page] 6 Ag and Biosystems Engineering - Quarter Scale Tractor Team Named Reserve National Champs - Jackrabbit Wrestler Passionate About Sharing the Story of Pork - Mesonet Spray Tool Aids Precision Application Decisions
[Page] 10 Ag Business and Economics -POET Commodity Trading Fund
[Page] 12 Ag Education, Communication and Leadership - Leadership Opportunities Launch Recent Graduate to Career Readiness
[Page] 14 Agronomy, Horticulture & Plant Science - Local Foods Education Center Donates Over 5,000 Pumpkins - Seeding Success - Doug Malo Retires After 43 Years of Teaching - Howard Woodard's 29-Year Career Had a …

Synergistic Anti-Inflammatory Effects And Mechanisms Of Combined Phytochemicals, Lijuan Zhang, Carlos Virgous, Hongwei Si

Human Sciences Faculty Research

The anti-inflammatory effects of phytochemicals, bioactive components from plants having health benefits, have been heavily investigated in the last several decades. However, the gap between the high dosage demands (μM) of phytochemicals in vitro studies and the low bioavailability (nM) of most phytochemicals after consuming relevant foods/supplements in humans undermines the application of these phytochemicals in the prevention of chronic inflammation and its related chronic diseases in humans. One of the approaches to bridging this gap is to combine two or more phytochemicals/foods to synergistically prevent chronic inflammation. While increasing combinations of phytochemicals on anti-inflammation studies have been reported, there …

L-Cysteine Effects On Chlorogenic Acid Quinone-Amino Acid Induced Greening And Browning: Mechanism And Effects On Antioxidant Capacity, Yundi Liang

Food Science (MS) Theses

The formation of green trihydroxy benzacridine (TBA) derivatives when chlorogenic acid (CGA) quinones and amino acids react can be visually unappealing in some applications where CGA containing ingredients are used. Cysteine was studied as an amino acid anti-greening strategy, because cysteine-CGA conjugates are colorless. Buffered CGA: lysine: cysteine solutions at pH 8.0 and 9.0 were prepared and incubated for a maximum of 48 h at ambient temperature. Color intensity was periodically monitored using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Quantification and identification of conjugate formation were conducted by HPLC and LC-MS, while Antioxidant capacity was assessed by Trolox Equivalent Antioxidant Capacity and Folin-Ciocalteu …

Integration Of Technology In The Chemistry Classroom And Laboratory, Barry J. Ryan

Books/Book Chapters/ Proceedings

The role of technology in the chemistry classroom and laboratory continues to evolve, with mainstream applications such as pre-lecture/laboratory resources being supplemented by technological innovations such as immersive reality. Although the range is vast, care must be taken to select appropriate and pedagogically aligned technologies to enable learning.

In this chapter a model for the appropriate selection and application of technology enabled learning in chemistry is developed and explored in the context of two case-studies. This model, LEAPTech, is based on ten years of personal experience, informed by evidence and underpinned by the scholarly literature. This model will serve as …

Sustainability Assessment Of U.S. Beef Processing And Its Antimicrobial Systems, Shaobin Li

Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

With the increasing meat demand and awareness of sustainability, concerns have been raised regarding the sustainability of beef production and processing. However, scarce data and inadequate sustainability assessment frameworks for the U.S. beef processing industry limit the ability to develop new technologies and policies comprehensively without shifting sustainability burdens. To fill those gaps, various assessments of the U.S. beef processing industry were conducted from multiple perspectives regarding the environmental, economic, microbial effectiveness of its antimicrobial systems, and human health impacts from foodborne illness, occupational hazards, and environmental pollution.

First, process-level water and energy usage at a typical large-size beef processing …

In Vitro And In Vivo (Mouse Model) Investigation Of The Efficacy Of Probiotic Bacteria Lactobacillus Casei And Lactobacillus Rhamnosus Incorporated In Tomato Juice, Bennett Atta Dzandu

LSU Doctoral Dissertations

Fruit and vegetable production in Ghana were estimated at 371,811 tons in 2017 with tomatoes ranked among the top four most cultivated vegetables. The majority of the production goes to waste due to spoilage and lack of processing. Probiotics have recently gained much attention owing to claims about their potential health benefits. However, the inability of certain probiotics to survive gastric conditions remain a potential setback. Tomatoes can be processed into value added products including those fortified with probiotics. Such value-added products can be used as protectant for the delivery of probiotics to improve gut health. The objective of this …

Research Progress Of Nutritional Intervention In The Treatment Of Diabetes Mellitus, Liu Dongbo, Zhou Jiali, Li Jian, Wu Ruiyu

Food and Machinery

Under the guidance of professionals, medical nutrition therapy (MNT) is very important for diabetes management by changing nutritional status or intake to improve health or treat diseases. The basic objectives are to promote and support healthy eating patterns, to achieve personalized nutritional needs according to cultural background, knowledge structure, eating habits and self-control, and to emphasize the humanization of food choices. Scientific restrictions on food choices and practical tools for providing daily dietary planning for diabetic patients. This paper mainly reviews the related knowledge of MNT and its application in diabetes mellitus according to the consensus report published in 2019 …

Establishment Of Diabetic Zebrafish Model And Evaluation Of Hypoglycemic Activity Of Antarctic Krill Enzymatic Hydrolysates, Ji Wei, Zhang Chaohua, Allanv Kalueff, Song Cai

Food and Machinery

Diabetic zebrafish model was established quickly by combination of 20 g/L glucose solution immersing and 10% cholesterol feeding for 20 days. The model established was used to evaluate the in vivo hypoglycemic activity of 3 000～100 Da AKEH. The effects of it on physicochemical indexes such as DPP-IV activity, glucose, triglyceride, cholesterol and expression levels of relative gene such as Insa, Glucagon and Pck1 of diabetic zebrafish were investigated. The results showed that the physicochemical index and blood glucose related gene expression level of the 1.35 g/L and 2.7 g/L concentrations were not significant difference. 3 000～100 Da AKEH of …

The Effects Of Different Treatments On The Stability Of The Sesaminol-Triglucoside, Zhu Xiuling, Dai Qingyuan, Wang Feng, Tao Renyou, Cao Xinxin, Xu Zuowen, Zhang Zhixiang

Food and Machinery

The effects of light, heat, oxygen (air), acid, alkali, enzyme and high temperature and high pressure on the stability of the sesaminol-triglucoside were investigated in this study. The results showed that the light, heat, oxygen (air), alkali (sodium hydroxide), high temperature and high pressure, and α-glucosidase treatments had no significant effects on the stability of the sesaminol-triglycosides. However, the hydrochloric acid, β-glucosidase, α-galactosidase and β-galactosidase treatments resulted in significant decreases in the stability of sesaminol triglucoside. It was indicated that sesaminol-triglucoside was unstable under the treatment of specific acid or enzyme, and could be converted into other compounds.

Preparation And Characterization Of Clove Essential Oil-Loaded Chitosan Nanoparticles, He Peng, Zhang Huiyun, Kang Huaibin, Zhao Mengyue, Li Yinhui, Li Senjie, Zhang Haiyan, Cao Xiaofei

Food and Machinery

In order to maintain the physico-chemical stability of clove essential oil (CEO) during food processing and storage, and to decrease the adverse effects of CEO on food sensory qualities, prepared chitosan-TPP nanoparticles loaded with CEO by ionic gelation. The preparation process and the physicochemical characteristics of CEO-loaded chitosan nanoparticles were investigated. The results showed that the optimized encapsulation process were as followed: the pH of chitosan solution of 4.5, the mass ratio of clove essential oil to chitosan 0.8∶1.0, mass ratio of chitosan to sodium tripolyphosphate 5∶1. The encapsulation efficiency of CEO in chitosan nanoparticles was 40.2%, and the average …

Study Of The Rheological And Gel Properties Of Seven Kinds Of Root-Derived Starch, Zou Jinhao, Li Yan, Yu Honglu, Guo Shiyin, Su Xiaojun, Li Wenjia, Li Qingming

Food and Machinery

In order to widen the application of the root-derived starches in South China, the pasting, rheology and gel characteristics of different kinds of root-derived starche form yam and taro were investigated in this study. It turned out that the rheological and gel properties of starch were significantly different, while the differences among different varieties were relatively small. The pasting temperature of all kinds of starch ranged from 69.77 ℃ to 84.37 ℃，but the pasting temperature and peak time of yam and taro starch was higher than that of tapioca starch. The loss of tapioca starch was higher than those of …

The Screening And Identification Of Thermostable Decomposition Bacteria In Kitchen Waste And The Relative Application, Wan Wenjuan, Zhang Yunbin, Nie Zhiyan, Mao Yanjia, Xu Jing, Yu Ying

Food and Machinery

The efficient degrading and high-temperature resistance bacteria in kitchen waste were isolated according to the characteristics of domestic kitchen waste. The microorganisms in the kitchen waste were cultured for 48 hours under the conditions of a temperature of 55 ℃ and a relative humidity of 50% RH using a nutrient agar medium (LA), and then they were screened and separated according to the colony morphology. 20 strains of bacteria were obtained, and their decomposition effects of starch, protein, oil and cellulose were determined. X13, which has the best decomposition effect, was selected and identified to be Bacillus licheniformis by morphology, …

Effects Of Different Dietary Patterns On Intestinal Microbial Metabolism Of Human, Yao Lehui

Food and Machinery

120 volunteers were randomly divided into three groups: high fat diet group, high sugar diet group and high fiber diet group. The changes of intestinal microflora were analyzed, DNA was extracted, PCR amplification and product purification were carried out, and biological indexes were tested. The effects of high-fat diet on intestinal microbial metabolism were studied. It was found that high-fat diet could increase body mass and promote intestinal harmful microbial metabolism. The diversity of intestinal microorganisms in the experimental group was higher than that in the control group. To study the effect of high-sugar diet on intestinal microbial metabolism, it …

Effects Of High Temperature Stress On Stressresistance Of Thermotolerant Salmonella Derby Stresses, Zhai Ligong, Du Chuanlai, Yang Qing, Chen Chen, Wang Junying

Food and Machinery

The application of high temperature treatment to food is one of the most common methods for eliminating microbial contamination. In this study, high temperature tolerance of Salmonella Derby（SD）was obtained by high temperature culture and the effect of the heat-stressed SD on its response to environment stresses The survival rate of high temperature domesticated SD was 1.5 time higher in 55 ℃ for 20 min than the control group. The survival rate of high temperature domesticated SD was better in pH 3.0 and pH 2.4 acid challenge. The high temperature tolerant bacteria had enhanced sensitivity to alkali, ethanol and NaClO. The …