Food Science Commons^™

Impact Of Dietary Ingredients On The Interpretation Of Various Fecal Parameters In Rats Fed Inulin, H.-J. Chen, F.-J. Dai, C.-R. Chang, Y.-Q. Lau, B.-S. Chew, C.-F. Chau

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

In the present study, the influences of diets (i.e. chow and AIN-93 diets) on the interpretation of various fecal parameters including viable microbiota, moisture, weight, and short-chain fatty acids in rats fed different amounts of inulin (0.5–2 g/kg). Eight groups of rats (n = 8/group) were fed, for 4 weeks, chow or AIN-93 diets with or without inulin supplementation. Fecal samples were analyzed for different fecal parameters. After a 2-week adaptation, apparent differences in some fecal parameters were observed between the chow and AIN-93 diet groups. Throughout the 4-week intervention period, significantly (p < 0.05) higher Lactobacillus spp. counts, fecal moisture (∼2.7-fold), and fecal weight (∼5.8-fold) were observed with chow diet over AIN-93 diet. More specifically, significant elevations in the levels of Bifidobacterium spp., Lactobacillus spp., fecal moisture, and fecal weight could be observed at low-dose (0.5 g/kg) of inulin in chow diet groups, while most of these changes could merely be seen at medium-dose (1 g/kg) in AIN-93 diet groups. These results demonstrated that the choice of experimental diets would affect the comparison of fecal parameters as well as the interpretation of effective dosage of prebiotic in intestinal health assessments. © 2019

Efficient Identification Of Fungal Antimicrobial Principles By Tandem Ms And Nmr Database, M.-S. Lee, Y.-L. Yang, C.-Y. Wu, Y.-L. Chen, C.-K. Lee, S.-S. Tzean, T.-H. Lee

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

The continuous re-isolation of the known and non-applicable compounds that is time-consuming and wasting resources is still a critical problem in the discovery of bioactive entities from natural resources. To efficiently address the problem, high performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector-microfractionation (HPLC-DAD-microfractionation) guided by disk agar diffusion assay was developed, and the active compounds were further identified using the tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS)-based molecular networking. Of 150 fungal strains screened, the methanolic extracts of Phoma herbarum PPM7487, Cryptosporiopsis ericae PPM7405, and Albifimbria verrucaria PPM945 exhibited potent antimicrobial activity against Candida albicans SC5314 and Cryptococcus neoformans H99 in the preliminary agar diffusion …

Viola Cornuta And Viola X Wittrockiana: Phenolic Compounds, Antioxidant And Neuroprotective Activities On Caenorhabditis Elegans, C. Moliner, L. Barros, M.I. Dias, I. Reigada, I.C.F.R. Ferreira, V. López, E. Langa, C.G. Rincón

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Different Viola species are known for their traditional use as analgesic, antitussive, febrifuge, hipnotic, analgesic and anti-inflammatory medicinal agents. Additionally, they are considered edible flowers in certain cultures. Thus, the aim of this work was to characterize the phenolic composition and to assess the neuroprotective properties of Viola cornuta and Viola x wittrockiana using in vitro and in vivo methodologies with Caenorhabditis elegans as model. The identification of the phenolic compounds was carried out with a LC-DAD-ESI/MSn. The antioxidant activity of the extracts was determined in vitro using Folin- Ciocalteu, DPPH and FRAP assays and in vivo with a juglone-induced …

Distribution Of Antibiotic Resistance Genes Among Staphylococcus Species Isolated From Ready-To-Eat Foods, Y.-T. Wang, Y.-T. Lin, T.-W. Wan, D.-Y. Wang, H.-Y. Lin, C.-Y. Lin, Y.-C. Chen, L.-J. Teng

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

We investigated antibiotic resistance of staphylococci isolated from 1128 samples of high-circulating RTE foods in Taiwan. A total of 111 Staphylococcus aureus and 709 coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) comprising 23 species were isolated. The prevalence of S. aureus differed in various category of RTE foods, highest in fresh-cut fruits/vegetables (20.5%) and lowest in low-water activity (LWA) foods (0.7%). The overall staphylococcal contamination was highest in fresh-cut fruits/vegetables (62.2%), in which multiple isolates (up to 10) or species (up to 6) in single sample were frequently found. Distinct distribution of species contributed to unique feature in each category. Prevalence of antibiotic-resistant S. …

Analysis Of Potential Anti-Aging Beverage Pru, A Traditional Cuban Refreshment, By Desorption Electrospray Ionization-Mass Spectrometry And Fticr Tandem Mass Spectrometry, M.A. Mamun, T.V. Gonzalez, A. Islam, T. Sato, S. Sato, T.K. Ito, M. Horikawa, F. Yamazaki, R.C. Alarcon, T. Ido, M. Setou

Journal of Food and Drug Analysis

Aging has been established as a major risk factor for prevalent diseases and hence, the development of anti-aging medicines is of great importance. Recently, herbal fermented beverages have emerged as a promising source of potential anti-aging drug. Pru, a traditional Cuban refreshment produced by decoction and fermentation of multispecies plants with sugar, has been consumed for many years and is claimed to have multiple medicinal properties. Besides the traditional method, Pru is also manufactured industrially. The present study analyzed the major components of both traditional Pru (TP) and industrial Pru (IP) to reveal their potential application in promoting the health …

Application Of A Cascade Membrane Filtration Process To Standardise Serum Protein Depleted Cheese Milk For Cheddar Cheese Manufacture, Xiaofeng Xia, John B. Tobin, Prateek Sharma, Mark Fenelon, Paul L.H. Mcsweeney, Jeremiah J. Sheehan

Nutrition, Dietetics, and Food Sciences Faculty Publications

A cascade membrane filtration process including microfiltration (MF), ultrafiltration (UF) and reverse osmosis (RO) was used to fractionate skim milk into different streams. Significant quantities of lactose and minerals were removed to permeate after MF at 0.14 μm. Cheese milk, of similar casein content to the raw milk, was standardised simultaneously for casein, lactose, ash and total calcium from the membrane streams without requiring CaCl2 and lactose addition. Serum protein depleted cheese milk of typical casein content had similar rennet coagulability, cheese composition, texture and yield to the control; milk of 1.5 × casein content had a faster coagulation rate …

Food Supplements To Reduce Stunting In Pakistan: A Process Evaluation Of Community Dynamics Shaping Uptake, Shehla Zaidi, Jai K. Das, Gul Nawaz Khan, Rabia Najmi Taha, Mashal Murad Shah, Sajid Bashir Soofi

Community Health Sciences

Background: There is an increasing interest in use of food supplements to prevent childhood stunting, however the evidence on the process indicators is scarce. We in this study explore the barriers to the effective implementation of food supplementation programs and the possible mitigation strategies which can guide the design of future programs.
Methods: We undertook a process evaluation of a stunting prevention food supplementation pilot program in rural Pakistan that distributed Wheat Soy Blend (WSB) to pregnant & lactating women, and Lipid-based Nutrient Supplement (LNS) and micronutrient powder (MNP) to < 5 years children. We used a mixed methods approach through a quantitative survey of 800 households and conducted 18 focused group discussion (FGDs) (with male and female caregivers), 4 FGDs (with Community Health Workers (CHWs)) and 22 key informant interviews (with district stakeholders) to evaluate the community side factors affecting uptake through five parameters: value, acceptability, receipt of supplement, usage and correct dosage.
Results: The findings show that proportionately few beneficiaries consumed the …

Growing South Dakota (Summer 2020), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

[Page] 3 COVID-19: From Our Students' Perspective
[Page] 11 Class of 2020 Q&A
[Page] 19 Alumni Advice for the Future Generation
[Page] 21 Recent Alumni Features
[Page] 25 Student Features
[Page] 31 CAFES News, Student Success, Awards and Achievements
[Page] 57 Jackrabbits Now and Then: A Current Student and Alumni Q&A

Studimi I Dietës Së Femrave Shtatzënë, Flaka Cana

Theses and Dissertations

Kjo temë e diplomës studion mënyrën e të ushqyerit të femrave shtatzënë .

Pjesa e kapitullit të parë shpjegon sasinë e makronutrientëve dhe mikronutrientëve të cila nevoiten për femrat shtatzënë dhe nutrientët të cila nevoitet për rritjen e fëmijes.

Pjesa e kapitullit të dytë kemi rekomandimi për dietën e femrave shtatzënë me kolesterol të lartë,diabet apo anemi dhe mënyra e shëndeshme për femrat shtatzënë me dieta vegjetariane apo vegane

Qëllimi i kësaj është përmbledhja e rekomandimeve për mënyrën e të ushqyerit për femrat shtatzënë të cilat kanë sëmundje të caktuara.

Pjesa e praktikës e kësaj teze merret me analizimin e …

Përcaktimi I Baktereve Mezofile Aerobe Në Qumështin E Papërpunuar Në Regjionin E Lipjanit, Laureta Tasholli

Theses and Dissertations

Qumështi i nxjerrë nga një kafshë e shëndetshme tashmë përmban disa baktere. Shumica e ndryshimeve që ndodhin në aromën dhe pamjen e qumështit, pasi nxirren nga udderi, janë rezultatet e aktiviteteve të mikrobeve. Këto mikrobe janë të dy llojeve d.m.th. të favorshme - që sjell ndryshime të favorshme në aromë dhe pamjen ndërsa patogjene - të cilat mund të shkaktojnë sëmundje. Të mirat janë përhapur me kujdes ndërsa patogjenët (të pafavorshëm) shkatërrohen për të bërë qumështin dhe produktet e tij të sigurt për konsum njerëzor. Konsumi i qumështit gjatë dekadës së fundit është rritur në mënyrë të konsiderueshme në Kosove. …

Studimi I Dietës Së Femrave Shtatzënë, Flaka Cani

Theses and Dissertations

Kjo temë e diplomës studion mënyrën e të ushqyerit të femrave shtatzënë . Pjesa e kapitullit të parë shpjegon sasinë e makronutrientëve dhe mikronutrientëve të cila nevoiten për femrat shtatzënë dhe nutrientët të cila nevoitet për rritjen e fëmijes. Pjesa e kapitullit të dytë kemi rekomandimi për dietën e femrave shtatzënë me kolesterol të lartë,diabet apo anemi dhe mënyra e shëndeshme për femrat shtatzënë me dieta vegjetariane apo vegane Qëllimi i kësaj është përmbledhja e rekomandimeve për mënyrën e të ushqyerit për femrat shtatzënë të cilat kanë sëmundje të caktuara. Pjesa e praktikës e kësaj teze merret me analizimin e …

Përcaktimi I Baktereve Mezofile Aerobe Në Qumështin E Papërpunuar Në Regjionin E Lipjanit, Laureta Tasholli

Theses and Dissertations

Qumështi i nxjerrë nga një kafshë e shëndetshme tashmë përmban disa baktere. Shumica e ndryshimeve që ndodhin në aromën dhe pamjen e qumështit, pasi nxirren nga udderi, janë rezultatet e aktiviteteve të mikrobeve. Këto mikrobe janë të dy llojeve d.m.th. të favorshme - që sjell ndryshime të favorshme në aromë dhe pamjen ndërsa patogjene - të cilat mund të shkaktojnë sëmundje. Të mirat janë përhapur me kujdes ndërsa patogjenët (të pafavorshëm) shkatërrohen për të bërë qumështin dhe produktet e tij të sigurt për konsum njerëzor. Konsumi i qumështit gjatë dekadës së fundit është rritur në mënyrë të konsiderueshme në Kosove. …

Growing South Dakota (Spring/Summer 2020), College Of Agriculture, Food And Environmental Sciences

Growing South Dakota (Publication of the College of Agriculture, Food and Environmental Sciences)

This issue contains the South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station 2019 Annual Report.

[Page] 2 South Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station Update
[Page] 4 Featured Research
[Page] 14 Graduate and Undergraduate Research: In Our Own Words
[Page] 20 Featured Research
[Page] 32 Research in Progress
[Page] 38 CAFES News and Updates
[Page] 56 Jackrabbits Now and Then: A Current Student and Alumni Q&A

Rice Fortification By Parboiling In Limited-Water Soaking To Alleviate Mineral And Vitamin Deficiency, Annegret Jannasch

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Fortification of rice by parboiling is considered a potential alternative to currently available fortification technologies to produce rice with higher mineral and vitamin content significantly contributing to nutrient intake in populations with high prevalence of micronutrient deficiencies. Higher nutrient retention rates and improved sensory characteristics are advantages of fortified parboiled rice compared to fortified rice obtained by currently used fortification technologies including dusting, coating, and extrusion. However, conventional parboiling processes employ excess water that presents an environmental hazard if discarded without treatment. Thus, the objective of this study was to evaluate a limited-water soaking method for the fortification of rice …

The Impact Of Dietary Egg Intake On Metabolic Health In Food Insecure Households, Sam Walker

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Food Insecurity (FI) is defined as a condition in which individuals lack access to adequate food due to limited financial resources. FI is estimated to impact 12% of households in United States. Adults and children who experience FI are an increased risk for developing metabolic disease such as type 2 diabetes, obesity, hypertension, and cardiovascular disease. The negative health outcomes associated with FI are multi-factorial, however, many of them may be caused by limited nutritional intake and poor diet quality. Efforts to better understand the obstacles food insecure populations face is critical in order to improve nutrient intake and minimize …

Respiratory Chain Activity And Protein Expression In Skeletal Muscles From High And Low Feed Efficient Swine Within The Same Genetic Line, Earsie L. Alcorn De Feliz

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Current as well as past studies have provided evidence for a connection between macroeconomic/agricultural and cellular/biochemical basis of feed efficiency (FE; gain:feed) in farm animal production. Our investigation of respiratory chain activity, mitochondrial protein oxidation and protein expression was an expansion to the subcellular/molecular level. In this study we investigated the entire complex (Cx) of the electron transport chain (ETC) for differences in Cx activities in mitochondria isolated from skeletal muscle in high (HFE) and low (LFE) feed efficient swine within the same genetic line. Review of literature provided information for the connection between feed efficiency, mitochondrial function, and muscle …

Exopolysaccharide From Mycelium Of Ganoderma Lucidum As A Potential Additive For Juvenile Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis Sp.), Pajaru Rahman Janathu Ferdaus

Student Works (2020-2029)

Functional feed additives are added during feed preparation to improve the growth performance and cellular defense for the fishes. Interaction of cellular biomolecules and dysfunction of red hybrid tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) could be avoided by strengthening the antioxidant defense with antioxidant rich sources. As for this, a bioactive polysaccharide of Ganoderma lucidum was found to have its antioxidant bioactivities. Thus the potential of exopolysaccharide (EPS) extracted from the mycelium of G.lucidum as feed additive for red hybrid tilapia was evaluated in this research. In this experiment, one hundred twenty (120) juveniles were randomly divided into four groups and designated with …

Fermented Mycelial Biomass Of Ganoderma Lucidum As A Potential Additive For Juvenile Red Hybrid Tilapia (Oreochromis Sp.), Subramaniam Kumeera

Student Works (2020-2029)

The presence of antibiotic compounds in aquaculture is gaining higher interest worldwide due to the emergence as dangerous pollutants of the environment and to human health. However, feed additive play an important role in agriculture to reduce the usage of antibiotics and aquaculture productive performance. Therefore, the polysaccharide produced by Ganoderma lucidum is recognised due to its essential biological activities. Growing biomass from mycelium of Ganoderma lucidum (MGL) through submerged liquid fermentation (SLF) has been a fast and straightforward alternative compared to fruiting bodies. The study aims to observe the inclusion of biomass from MGL as a dietary supplement on …

Heat And Mass Transfer In Parboiled Rice During Heating With 915 Mhz Microwave Energy And Impacts On Milled Rice Properties, Deandrae L.W. Smith

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Microwave (MW) heating offers an energy-efficient, fast method to dry high moisture content (MC) parboiled rice to safe storage MC. However, there is limited research that describes the fundamentals of heat and mass transport in rice kernels exposed to MW energy at 915 MHz, the most promising heating frequency for industrialized processing. This information is vital to explain the implications of MW technology on dried rice quality. The overall objective of this study was to develop a microwave heating technology that can sufficiently dry high MC parboiled rough rice kernels in one pass using a 915-MHz industrial microwave system. An …

Method For Using Soya Grain Juice In Production Of Pasta Products, Sanaev Ermat, Tursunkhodjaev Po'lat, Ayhodjaeva Nodira, Umarov Orif

CHEMISTRY AND CHEMICAL ENGINEERING

Considering the protein need for human nutrition, the use of protein-rich grains plays an important role in the production of pasta. The study used soy protein as one of the protein sources, which serves as an effective source of energy in the physical and mental activities of humans. In the form of nutritious juice from soybeans, a protein concentration of 4.67% was obtained, and the resulting soy juice, rich in proteins, was used as an unconventional raw material for the production of pasta. Concentrations and methods were identified that made it possible to achieve technological and economic efficiency.