Averrhoa Bilimbi Fruits Attenuate Hyperglycemia-Mediated Oxidative Stress In Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Averrhoa Bilimbi Fruits Attenuate Hyperglycemia-Mediated Oxidative Stress In Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetic Rats, S.B. Kurup, S. Mini
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Hyperglycemia-mediated oxidative stress plays a major role in the development of diabetic complications. Averrhoa bilimbi Linn. (Oxalidaceae) is a medicinal plant with fruits reported to possess antidiabetic activity. This study evaluated the beneficial effects of the ethyl acetate fraction of A. bilimbi fruit (ABAEE) on the antioxidant/oxidant status in diabetes mellitus. Diabetic rats were treated orally with the ethyl acetate fraction of A. bilimbi fruits at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight for 60 days. Serum glucose, glycated hemoglobin, plasma insulin, hepatic toxicity markers, antioxidant enzymes, lipid peroxidation products, and liver histopathology were assayed checked after 60 days of …
Dna Barcode And Identification Of The Varieties And Provenances Of Taiwan's Domestic And Imported Made Teas Using Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 Sequences,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Dna Barcode And Identification Of The Varieties And Provenances Of Taiwan's Domestic And Imported Made Teas Using Ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer 2 Sequences, S.-C. Lee, C.-H. Wang, C.-E. Yen, C. Chang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The major aim of made tea identification is to identify the variety and provenance of the tea plant. The present experiment used 113 tea plants [Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze] housed at the Tea Research and Extension Substation, from which 113 internal transcribed spacer 2 (ITS2) fragments, 104 trnL intron, and 98 trnL-trnF intergenic sequence region DNA sequences were successfully sequenced. The similarity of the ITS2 nucleotide sequences between tea plants housed at the Tea Research and Extension Substation was 0.379–0.994. In this polymerase chain reaction-amplified noncoding region, no varieties possessed identical sequences. Compared with the trnL intron and trnL-trnF …
Effect Of Storage Temperature And Time On The Nutritional Quality Of Walnut Male Inflorescences,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Effect Of Storage Temperature And Time On The Nutritional Quality Of Walnut Male Inflorescences, W.-E. Zhang, C.-L. Wang, B.-B. Shi, X.-J. Pan
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of storage temperature and time on nutrients, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activities of walnut male inflorescences. The results showed that the moisture, saccharides, fat, protein, amino acids, ascorbic acid, phenolic and flavonoid compound contents, and antioxidant activities of walnut male inflorescences were markedly influenced by storage temperature, and different degrees of decrease in these parameters were observed during the entire storage period. Moreover, higher storage temperature had a more significant effect on the nutrients, bioactive compounds, and antioxidant activities of walnut male flowers, and the loss rate of these components …
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Phenolic Compounds From Extracts Of Cultivated And Wild-Grown Tunisian Ruta Chalepensis,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Phenolic Compounds From Extracts Of Cultivated And Wild-Grown Tunisian Ruta Chalepensis, I. Ouerghemmi, Rebey I. Bettaieb, F.Z. Rahali, S. Bourgou, L. Pistelli, R. Ksouri, B. Marzouk, Tounsi M. Saidani
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of phenolic compounds from cultivated and wild Tunisian Ruta chalepensis L. leaves, stems, and flowers were assessed. The leaves and the flowers exhibited high but similar total polyphenol, flavonoid, and tannin content. Moreover, two organs showed strong, although not significantly different, total antioxidant activity, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl scavenging ability, and reducing power. Investigation of the phenolic composition showed that vanillic acid and coumarin were the major compounds in the two organs, with higher percentages in the cultivated organs than in the spontaneous organs. Furthermore, R. chalepensis extracts showed marked antibacterial properties against human pathogen strains, and the …
Composition Analysis And Antioxidant Properties Of Black Garlic Extract,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Composition Analysis And Antioxidant Properties Of Black Garlic Extract, X. Lu, N. Li, X. Qiao, Z. Qiu, P. Liu
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Black garlic produced from fresh garlic under controlled high temperature and humidity has strong antioxidant properties. To determine these compounds, five fractions (from F1 to F5) were separated and purified by elution with chloroform:methanol at different ratios (8:1, 6:1, 4:1, 2:1, and 0:1; v/v). The antioxidant activity of each fraction was analyzed. The results showed that F3 and F4 had higher phenolic contents and stronger 2,2-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl radical scavenging activity than the others. Seven purified individual components were further separated using semipreparation high-performance liquid chromatography from these two intensely antioxidant fractions (F3 and F4), their structures were elucidated by high-performance liquid …
Determination Of Multiresidue Analysis Of Β-Agonists In Muscle And Viscera Using Liquid Chromatograph/Tandem Mass Spectrometry With Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, And Safe Methodologies,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Determination Of Multiresidue Analysis Of Β-Agonists In Muscle And Viscera Using Liquid Chromatograph/Tandem Mass Spectrometry With Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, And Safe Methodologies, Y.-P. Lin, Y.-L. Lee, C.-Y. Hung, W.-J. Huang, S.-C. Lin
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The official analytical method of the Taiwan Food and Drug Administration, Ministry of Health and Welfare for testing for veterinary drug residues in foods is the multiresidue analysis of β-agonists. Samples are pretreated through liquid–liquid extraction and solid-phase extraction. This method is time consuming and requires the intensive use of solvents. To improve analytical efficiency and reduce costs, our study incorporated QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) techniques to establish a new method of multiresidue analysis of β-agonists in animal muscle and viscera. The pretreatment time was shortened and solvent usage was minimized. The modified analysis was conducted …
Impact Of Different Partitioned Solvents On Chemical Composition And Bioavailability Of Sasa Quelpaertensis Nakai Leaf Extract,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Impact Of Different Partitioned Solvents On Chemical Composition And Bioavailability Of Sasa Quelpaertensis Nakai Leaf Extract, M. Nakamura, J.-H. Ra, Y. Jee, J.-S. Kim
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The leaves of Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai were extracted with 80% ethanol and further partitioned with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and aqueous fractions to evaluate the biological activity through assessment via various in vitro assays, including total phenol content; 1,1-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and 2,2-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzothiazothiazoline-6-sulfornic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging; reducing power; α-glucosidase and tyrosinase inhibitory; and alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH) and aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity assays. The highest activity was found in the ethyl acetate fraction for all assays and showed stronger DPPH radical scavenging, reducing power, and tyrosinase inhibitory activity than the positive controls (butylated hydroxytoluene, α-tocopherol, and arbutin, respectively). When compared …
Assessment Of Bacterial Quality Of Honey Produced In Tamale Metropolis (Ghana),
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Assessment Of Bacterial Quality Of Honey Produced In Tamale Metropolis (Ghana), P. Adadi, A.K. Obeng
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
The bacterial quality of honey from different production sites within Tamale metropolis, Ghana, was estimated using standard microbiological methods. Honey samples were bought from six different production sites within Tamale metropolis and labeled. Samples that were taken from location B recorded the least mean bacterial count of 6.0 × 104 colony forming units/mL with samples taken from location D showing the highest, 1.1 × 105 colony forming units/mL. However, samples from production sites E and F recorded no bacteria growth. Bacteria isolated included Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus spp., Shigella spp., Streptococcus spp., and Bacillus spp. The pH values of honey samples …
Simultaneous Separation Of Antihyperlipidemic Drugs By Green Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Diode Array Detector Method: Improving The Health Of Liquid Chromatography,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Simultaneous Separation Of Antihyperlipidemic Drugs By Green Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography–Diode Array Detector Method: Improving The Health Of Liquid Chromatography, M. Alghazi, F. Alanazi, K. Mohsin, N.A. Siddiqui, F. Shakeel, N. Haq
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Statins in combination with fibrates show beneficial effects on the lipoprotein profile of patients because they have positive complimentary effects on lipid profile. A new green ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography–diode array detector method for simultaneous analysis of simvastatin (SMV) and fenofibrate (FNF) in standard form, marketed formulations, and self-emulsifying drug delivery system formulations was developed and validated in the present investigation. The method utilized C18 as stationary phase and a combination of methanol:water (8:2) as an eluent. It was found that selected eluent provided short run time (2.5 minutes), better peak symmetry and satisfactory values of other chromatographic parameters such as …
Rapid Investigation Of Α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity Of Phaleria Macrocarpa Extracts Using Ftir-Atr Based Fingerprinting,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Rapid Investigation Of Α-Glucosidase Inhibitory Activity Of Phaleria Macrocarpa Extracts Using Ftir-Atr Based Fingerprinting, S. Easmin, I.S.M. Zaidul, K. Ghafoor, S. Ferdosh, J. Jaffri, M.E. Ali, H. Mirhosseini, F.Y. Al-Juhaimi, V. Perumal, A. Khatib
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Phaleria macrocarpa, known as “Mahkota Dewa”, is a widely used medicinal plant in Malaysia. This study focused on the characterization of α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of P. macrocarpa extracts using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR)-based metabolomics. P. macrocarpa and its extracts contain thousands of compounds having synergistic effect. Generally, their variability exists, and there are many active components in meager amounts. Thus, the conventional measurement methods of a single component for the quality control are time consuming, laborious, expensive, and unreliable. It is of great interest to develop a rapid prediction method for herbal quality control to investigate the α-glucosidase inhibitory …
Voltammetric Sensor For Tartrazine Determination In Soft Drinks Using Poly (P-Aminobenzenesulfonic Acid)/Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles In Carbon Paste Electrode,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Voltammetric Sensor For Tartrazine Determination In Soft Drinks Using Poly (P-Aminobenzenesulfonic Acid)/Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles In Carbon Paste Electrode, G. Karim-Nezhad, Z. Khorablou, M. Zamani, Dorraji P. Seyed, M. Alamgholiloo
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) and p-aminobenzenesulfonic acid (p-ABSA) were used to fabricate a modified electrode, as a highly sensitive and selective voltammetric sensor, for the determination of tartrazine. A fast and easy method for the fabrication of poly p-ABSA (Pp-ABSA)/ZnO NPs-carbon paste electrode (Pp-ABSA/ZnO NPs-CPE) by cyclic voltammetry was used. By combining the benefits of Pp-ABSA, ZnO NPs, and CPE, the resulted modified electrode exhibited outstanding electrocatalytic activity in terms of tartrazine oxidation by giving much higher peak currents than those obtained for the unmodified CPE and also other constructed electrodes. The effects of various experimental parameters on the …
Simultaneous Determination Of Ascorbic Acid And Caffeine In Commercial Soft Drinks Using Reversed-Phase Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Simultaneous Determination Of Ascorbic Acid And Caffeine In Commercial Soft Drinks Using Reversed-Phase Ultraperformance Liquid Chromatography, F. Turak, R. Güzel, E. Dinç
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
A new reversed-phase ultraperformance liquid chromatography method with a photodiode array detector was developed for the quantification of ascorbic acid (AA) and caffeine (CAF) in 11 different commercial drinks consisting of one energy drink and 10 ice tea drinks. Separation of the analyzed AA and CAF with an internal standard, caffeic acid, was performed on a Waters BEH C18 column (100 mm × 2.1 mm, 1.7 μm i.d.), using a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile and 0.2M H3PO4 (11:89, v/v) with a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min and an injection volume of 1.0 μL. Calibration graphs for AA and CAF …
Phytochemical Composition And Antibacterial Activity Of The Essential Oils From Different Parts Of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae Rhamnoides L.),
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Phytochemical Composition And Antibacterial Activity Of The Essential Oils From Different Parts Of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae Rhamnoides L.), X.-F. Yue, X. Shang, Z.-J. Zhang, Y.-N. Zhang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Essential oils from the seed, pulp, and leaf of sea buckthorn were obtained with hydrodistillation, and their phytochemical composition was analyzed through gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Furthermore, the antibacterial activity of the oils was tested on five food-borne bacteria by spectrometry and evaluated in terms of minimum inhibitory concentration. The results indicate that the composition of all essential oils is dominated by free fatty acids, esters, and alkanes. Minimum inhibitory concentration values on each bacterium were obtained for oils from different parts. The oils from different parts exhibited nearly equal inhibitory effect on Staphylococcus aureus. The pulp oil was found to …
Relation Between Salt Tolerance And Biochemical Changes In Cumin (Cuminum Cyminum L.) Seeds,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Relation Between Salt Tolerance And Biochemical Changes In Cumin (Cuminum Cyminum L.) Seeds, Rebey I. Bettaieb, S. Bourgou, F.Z. Rahali, K. Msaada, R. Ksouri, B. Marzouk
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
In this study, the effects of salinity on growth, fatty acid, essential oil, and phenolic composition of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) seeds as well as the antioxidant activities of their extracts were investigated. Plants were treated with different concentrations of NaCl treatment: 0, 50, 75, and 125 mmoL. Plant growth was significantly reduced with the severity of saline treatment. This also caused important reductions in the seed yield and yield components. Besides, NaCl treatments affected fatty acid composition. Petroselinic and linoleic acids proportions diminished consistently with the increase in NaCl concentration, whereas palmitic acid proportion increased. Furthermore, NaCl enhanced essential …
Study On The Interaction Of Bioactive Compound S-Allyl Cysteine From Garlic With Serum Albumin,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Study On The Interaction Of Bioactive Compound S-Allyl Cysteine From Garlic With Serum Albumin, Y.-E. Sun, W.-D. Wang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Multispectroscopic techniques were used to investigate the interaction of S-allyl cysteine (SAC) from garlic with human serum albumin (HSA). UV–Vis absorption measurements prove the formation of the HSA–SAC complex. An analysis of fluorescence spectra revealed that in the presence of SAC, the quenching mechanism of HSA is considered static. The quenching rate constant Kq, KSV, and the binding constant KA were estimated. According to the Van't Hoff equation, the thermodynamic parameters enthalpy change (ΔH) and entropy change (ΔS) were calculated to be −1.00 × 105 J/mol and −255 J/mol/K, respectively. These indicate that hydrogen bonds and van der Waals forces …
Development Of Validated High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography For Quantification Of Aristolochic Acid In Different Species Of The Aristolochiaceae Family,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Development Of Validated High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography For Quantification Of Aristolochic Acid In Different Species Of The Aristolochiaceae Family, P. Agrawal, K. Laddha
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
This study was undertaken to isolate and quantify aristolochic acid in Aristolochia indica stem and Apama siliquosa root. Aristolochic acid is an important biomarker component present in the Aristolochiaceae family. The isolation method involved simple solvent extraction, precipitation and further purification, using recrystallization. The structure of the compound was confirmed using infrared spectroscopy, mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance. A specific and rapid high-performance thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method was developed for analysis of aristolochic acid. The method involved separation on the silica gel 60 F254 plates using the single solvent system of n-hexane: chloroform: methanol. The method showed good …
Phenolic Constituents Of Pulicaria Undulata (L.) C.A. Mey. Sub Sp. Undulata (Asteraceae): Antioxidant Protective Effects And Chemosystematic Significances,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Phenolic Constituents Of Pulicaria Undulata (L.) C.A. Mey. Sub Sp. Undulata (Asteraceae): Antioxidant Protective Effects And Chemosystematic Significances, S.R. Hussein, M.M. Marzouk, M.M. Soltan, E.K. Ahmed, M.M. Said, A.R. Hamed
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
One new naturally isoflavone compound, 5,7,2′,3′,4′ penta hydroxyl isoflavone-4′-O-β-glucopyranoside (1) was isolated from the aqueous methanol extract (AME) of Pulicaria undulata subsp. undulata, together with seven known compounds: kaempferol (2), kaempferol 3-O-β-glucoside (3), quercetin (4), quercetin 3-O-β-glucoside (5), quercetin 3-O-β-galactoside (6), quercetin 3,7-di OCH3 (7), and caffeic acid (8). Their structures were established through chemical (acid hydrolysis) and spectral analysis (UV, NMR, and ESIM). The AME and some isolated compounds were evaluated as protective agents. Free radical scavenging using a microscaled 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl assay was used to assess the direct antioxidant properties that were evaluated by the ability to protect murine …
Pharmacokinetic Interactions Of Herbal Medicines For The Treatment Of Chronic Hepatitis,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Pharmacokinetic Interactions Of Herbal Medicines For The Treatment Of Chronic Hepatitis, T.-P. Hsueh, W.-L. Lin, T.-H. Tsai
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Chronic liver disease is a serious global health problem, and an increasing number of patients are seeking alternative medicines or complementary treatment. Herbal medicines account for 16.8% of patients with chronic liver disease who use complementary and alternative therapies. A survey of the National Health Insurance Research Database in Taiwan reported that Long-Dan-Xie-Gan-Tang, Jia-Wei-Xia-Yao-San, and Xiao-Chai-Hu-Tang (Sho-saiko-to) were the most frequent formula prescriptions for chronic hepatitis used by traditional Chinese medicine physicians. Bioanalytical methods of herbal medicines for the treatment of chronic hepatitis were developed to investigate pharmacokinetics properties, but multicomponent herbal formulas have been seldom discussed. The pharmacokinetics of …
Albendazole Residues In Goat's Milk: Interferences In Microbial Inhibitor Tests Used To Detect Antibiotics In Milk,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Albendazole Residues In Goat's Milk: Interferences In Microbial Inhibitor Tests Used To Detect Antibiotics In Milk, T. Romero, R. Althaus, V.J. Moya, M.D.C. Beltrán, W. Reybroeck, M.P. Molina
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Albendazole (ABZ) residues in goat's milk and their effect on the response of microbial inhibitor tests used for screening antibiotics were evaluated. A total of 18 Murciano-Granadina goats were treated with ABZ and individually milked once a day over a 7-day period. ABZ quantification was performed by high performance liquid chromatography. The ABZ parent drug was not detected. The maximum concentration of its metabolites (ABZ sulfoxide, ABZ sulfone, and ABZ 2-aminosulfone) was reached on the 1st day post treatment (260.0 ± 70.1 μg/kg, 112.8 ± 28.7 μg/kg, 152.0 ± 23.6 μg/kg, respectively), decreasing to lower than the maximum residue limit …
Recent Advances In Oral Delivery Of Drugs And Bioactive Natural Products Using Solid Lipid Nanoparticles As The Carriers,
2020
Taiwan Food and Drug Administration
Recent Advances In Oral Delivery Of Drugs And Bioactive Natural Products Using Solid Lipid Nanoparticles As The Carriers, C.-H. Lin, C.-H. Chen, Z.-C. Lin, J.-Y. Fang
Journal of Food and Drug Analysis
Chemical and enzymatic barriers in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract hamper the oral delivery of many labile drugs. The GI epithelium also contributes to poor permeability for numerous drugs. Drugs with poor aqueous solubility have difficulty dissolving in the GI tract, resulting in low bioavailability. Nanomedicine provides an opportunity to improve the delivery efficiency of orally administered drugs. Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are categorized as a new generation of lipid nanoparticles consisting of a complete solid lipid matrix. SLNs used for oral administration offer several benefits over conventional formulations, including increased solubility, enhanced stability, improved epithelium permeability and bioavailability, prolonged half-life, …
