Stabilization Of Dna I-Motif Structures By 7-Aminoactinomycin D, An Anti-Tumor Drug,
2019
University of Mississippi
Stabilization Of Dna I-Motif Structures By 7-Aminoactinomycin D, An Anti-Tumor Drug, Justin Lane Parmely
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Alternative DNA structures are likely to form from Watson-Crick B-form DNA when antitumor drug known to bind DNA loops -- can affect the iM structure. Our results demonstrate as an i-motif (iM). While both structures are known to exist in vivo they are energetically uphill can utilize intercalating cytosine-cytosine base pairing to form a four-stranded structure known controlled by alternative DNA structures like G4s and iMs. especially during processes that involve superhelical duress. A guanosine rich strand can form a facilitate their stabilization. In this report we present data on how 7-aminoactinomycin D -- an formation. Earlier it was believed …
Insights Into Nucleic Acid-Platinum(Ii) Compound Interactions And Structural Impacts,
2019
Wayne State University
Insights Into Nucleic Acid-Platinum(Ii) Compound Interactions And Structural Impacts, Supuni Duneeshya Kamal Thalalla Gamage
Wayne State University Dissertations
With the discovery of cisplatin in the 1960s, it has been widely studied as a precursor for anticancer drug development. Despite its effectiveness against certain cancers, clinical usage of cisplatin is restricted by a number of side effects and resistance. In the past decade, scientists have been exploring biologically important ligands such as sugar derivatives in the hope of overcoming such challenges. Attachment of a sugar moiety could facilitate lower accumulation of platinum drugs in the body as well as enhance cellular uptake. In this study, a carbohydrate-linked cisplatin analog, cis-dichlorido[(2-β-D-glucopyranosidyl)propane-1,3-diammine]platinum (5) has been studied. The aim was to evaluate …
Functional Characterization Of Accessory Proteins And Novel Activities In Direct And Indirect Trna Aminoacylation,
2019
Wayne State University
Functional Characterization Of Accessory Proteins And Novel Activities In Direct And Indirect Trna Aminoacylation, Udumbara Menike Rathnayake
Wayne State University Dissertations
Indirect tRNA aminoacylation is essential for most bacteria and archaea, particularly when these species do not have genes encoding asparaginyl- and/or glutaminyl-tRNA synthetase (AsnRS and GlnRS). In the absence of AsnRS, the first step in Asn-tRNAAsn synthesis involves misacylation of tRNAAsn with aspartate to produce Asp-tRNAAsn; this reaction is catalyzed by a non-discriminating aspartyl-tRNA synthetase (ND-AspRS). Subsequently, in bacteria, an amidotransferase called GatCAB converts Asp-tRNAAsn to Asn-tRNAAsn. An analogous, two-step processes exist to produce Gln-tRNAGln. In this case, a non-discriminating glutamyl-tRNA synthetase (ND-GluRS) misacylates tRNAGln to produce Glu-tRNAGln, which is then converted to Gln-tRNAGln by GatCAB. The central hub of …
The Fallacy Of Defensive Protection For Traditional Knowledge,
2019
Emory University School of Law
The Fallacy Of Defensive Protection For Traditional Knowledge, Margo A. Bagley
Faculty Articles
Proponents of databases as defensive protection posit that having sources of traditional knowledge easily accessible to, and searchable by, examiners during the prosecution process should minimize the grant of patents covering traditional knowledge, and avoid the problems such erroneously granted patents may produce. Some countries, such as India, which support an international sui generis positive protection instrument, also support the use of traditional knowledge databases, as the two approaches are not mutually exclusive. India's CSIR, which created and maintains the TKDL, asserts that the database has thwarted the grant of scores of patents in IP offices across the globe, although …
Computational Design And Production Of Levansucrase With Increased Thermostability,
2019
Faculty of Science
Computational Design And Production Of Levansucrase With Increased Thermostability, Methus Klaewkla
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Levansucrase is a carbohydrate-modifying enzyme that catalyzes hydrolysis of sucrose and transfructosylation of a fructosyl unit of sucrose to produce levan and levan-type fructooligosaccharides (LFOs). Due to their various beneficial properties such as low viscosity and non-toxicity. Levan and LFOs have potential applications in many industries such as prebiotics in food industries and anti-tumor agents in pharmaceutical industries. Previous study found that the Y246S mutant of Bacillus licheniformis RN-01 levansucrase (Oligosaccharide Producing Levansucrase, OPL) could effectively produce LFOs, but its thermostability is limited at high temperature. In this study, molecular dynamics (MD) and computational protein design were used to design …
Naturally Derived Compounds As Preventatives Of Proteinopathies,
2019
University of Texas at El Paso
Naturally Derived Compounds As Preventatives Of Proteinopathies, Lois Mendez
Open Access Theses & Dissertations
Neurodegenerative diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD), afflict millions worldwide. Of greater concern is the fact that a main risk factor this disease is aging and the baby boomer population is now reaching a geriatric age. Despite the active research in this area, little progress has been made in the development of therapeutic strategies and furthering of our understanding in pinpointing the causal events that onset these disease processes. Our lab has focused on studying the protein homeostasis of key biomarkers in neurodegenerative diseases and examining whether natural compounds can act as neuro-protectants and, thus, attenuate the pathology that ensues …
Amino Acids Profiling For The Diagnosis Of Metabolic Disorders,
2019
Cleveland State University
Amino Acids Profiling For The Diagnosis Of Metabolic Disorders, Yana Sandlers
Chemistry Faculty Publications
Inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) represent a group of inherited diseases in which genetic defect leads to the block on a metabolic pathway, resulting in a single enzyme dysfunction. As a downstream consequence of the residual or full loss of the enzymatic activity, there is an accumulation of toxic metabolites in the proximity of the metabolic block and/or a deficiency of an essential metabolic product which leads to the clinical presentation of the disease. While individually IEMs are rare, a collectively estimated incidence of metabolic inherited disorders is 1:800. The genetic basis of IEMs can involve abnormalities such as point …
Unintended Consequences Of Dna Analysis Delays In North Carolina,
2019
Walden University
Unintended Consequences Of Dna Analysis Delays In North Carolina, Pamela Cook Woodard
Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies
The processing of DNA recovered from felony crime scenes often causes delays in trials of up to 3 years, calling into question defendants' rights to a speedy trial. Using Lewin's force field analysis as the theoretical framework, the purpose of this quantitative, comparative study was to compare the processing and reporting of results related to DNA testing in 4 states. Survey data were collected from state bar members (n=137), members of a professional law organization (n=149), and members of a state DNA laboratory (n=20). The purpose of this quantitative, comparative study was to determine whether these variables (interagency communications, staff …
Toward An Enzyme-Coupled, Bioorthogonal Platform For Methyltransferases: Probing The Specificity Of Methionine Adenosyltransferases,
2019
University of Kentucky
Toward An Enzyme-Coupled, Bioorthogonal Platform For Methyltransferases: Probing The Specificity Of Methionine Adenosyltransferases, Tyler D. Huber
Theses and Dissertations--Pharmacy
Methyl group transfer from S-adenosyl-l-methionine (AdoMet) to various substrates including DNA, proteins, and natural products (NPs), is accomplished by methyltransferases (MTs). Analogs of AdoMet, bearing an alternative S-alkyl group can be exploited, in the context of an array of wild-type MT-catalyzed reactions, to differentially alkylate DNA, proteins, and NPs. This technology provides a means to elucidate MT targets by the MT-mediated installation of chemoselective handles from AdoMet analogs to biologically relevant molecules and affords researchers a fresh route to diversify NP scaffolds by permitting the differential alkylation of chemical sites vulnerable to NP MTs that are unreactive to …
WVU
Elucidating A Common Mechanism Of Proteasome Impairment In Neurodegenerative Disease And Its Pharmacological Intervention, Tiffany Ann Thibaudeau
Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports (ETD)
Proteostasis is maintained by several systems in the cell including the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS), chaperones, chaperone-mediated autophagy, and macroautophagy. The UPS is the principle route for the degradation of intracellular misfolded, damaged, or unneeded cellular proteins and has a critical role essential every cell process, including: cell cycle progression, transcriptional regulation, genome integrity, apoptosis, immune responses, and neuronal plasticity. When the efficiency of protein degradation is perturbed, misfolded and damaged protein aggregates can accumulate to toxic levels and cause neuronal dysfunction, which may underlie many neurodegenerative diseases. It is widely appreciated that soluble oligomers of misfolded proteins (e.g. Aβ, Alzheimer’s; …
Effects Of Hydrogen Synthesis Inhibition On Changes Of Bioproduct Contents In Cyanobacterium Synechocystis Sp. Pcc 6803,
2019
Faculty of Science
Effects Of Hydrogen Synthesis Inhibition On Changes Of Bioproduct Contents In Cyanobacterium Synechocystis Sp. Pcc 6803, Nannaphat Sukkasam
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Cyanobacteria have an ability to convert carbon dioxide and solar light to bioproducts. Synechocystis sp. PCC 6803 is the laboratory model strain of cyanobacteria with known metabolism and biochemistry. NADPH is one of the essential electron carriers and coenzymes required for various cellular metabolism including the production of bioproducts. [NiFe]-Hydrogenase consumes NADPH to produce hydrogen gas which considerably the loss of metabolic energy. Thus, the elimination of [NiFe]-hydrogenase would increase NADPH level in the cell and might increase the accumulation of bioproducts. In this work, hoxY and hoxH genes (encoding the two catalysis subunits of [NiFe]-hydrogenase) were inactivated. The inactivation …
Anti-Tumor Activities Of Auricularia Polytricha Extracts In Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line (Hepg2) And Breast Cancer Cell Lines (Mcf-7 And Mda-Mb-231),
2019
Faculty of Allied Health Sciences
Anti-Tumor Activities Of Auricularia Polytricha Extracts In Hepatocellular Carcinoma Cell Line (Hepg2) And Breast Cancer Cell Lines (Mcf-7 And Mda-Mb-231), Sunita Nilkhet
Chulalongkorn University Theses and Dissertations (Chula ETD)
Cancer is the disease that happens to occur in a high number of new cases each year. Even the choice of treatment is developing, but the adverse effects on cancer therapeutic drugs still challenging. To investigate the antitumor activities of Auricularia polytricha (AP) mushroom extract and active compounds, human cancer cell lines such as Hepatocellcular (HepG2) and Breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231) were interested. The crude hexane extract of AP (APH) and crude ethanol extract of AP (APE) were prepared by maceration and Soxhlet extraction, respectively. Both APE and APH were investigated for their compound compositions by GC-MS. …
Biomass Yield In A Genetically Diverse Miscanthus Sinensis
Germplasm Panel Evaluated At Five Locations Revealed Individuals
With Exceptional Potential,
2019
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign
Biomass Yield In A Genetically Diverse Miscanthus Sinensis Germplasm Panel Evaluated At Five Locations Revealed Individuals With Exceptional Potential, Lindsay V. Clark, Maria S. Dwiyanti, Kossonou G. Anzoua, Joe E. Brummer, Bimal Kumar Ghimire, Katarzyna Glowacka, Megan Hall, Kweon Heo, Xiaoli Jin, Alexander E. Lipka, Junhua Peng, Toshihiko Yamada, Ji Hye Yoo, Chang Yeon Yu, Hua Zhao, Stephen P. Long, Erik J. Sacks
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
To breed improved biomass cultivars of Miscanthus ×giganteus, it will be necessary to select the highest‐yielding and best‐adapted genotypes of its parental species, Miscanthus sinensis and Miscanthus sacchariflorus. We phenotyped a diverse clonally propagated panel of 569 M. sinensis and nine natural diploid M. ×giganteus at one subtropical (Zhuji, China) and five temperate locations (Sapporo, Japan; Leamington, Ontario, Canada; Fort Collins, CO; Urbana, IL; and Chuncheon, Korea) for dry biomass yield and 14 yield‐component traits, in trials grown for 3 years. Notably, dry biomass yield of four Miscanthus accessions exceeded 80 Mg/ha in Zhuji, China, approaching …
An Arabidopsis Protoplast Isolation Method Reduces Cytosolic Acidification And
Activation Of The Chloroplast Stress Sensor Sensitive To Freezing 2,
2019
University of Nebraska - Lincoln
An Arabidopsis Protoplast Isolation Method Reduces Cytosolic Acidification And Activation Of The Chloroplast Stress Sensor Sensitive To Freezing 2, Allison C. Barnes, Christian G. Elowsky, Rebecca Roston
Department of Biochemistry: Faculty Publications
Chloroplasts adapt to freezing and other abiotic stresses in part by modifying their membranes. One key-remodeling enzyme is SENSITIVE TO FREEZING2 (SFR2). SFR2 is unusual because it does not respond to initial cold stress or cold acclimation, instead it responds during freezing conditions in Arabidopsis. This response has been shown to be sensitive to cytosolic acidification. The unique lipid products of SFR2 have also been detected in response to non-freezing stresses, but what causes SFR2 to respond in these stresses is unknown. Here, we investigate protoplast isolation as a representative of wounding stress. We show that SFR2 oligogalactolipid products accumulate …
The Impact Of Household Biocides And Antibiotics On Aquatic Microbial Community Composition,
2019
Michigan Technological University
The Impact Of Household Biocides And Antibiotics On Aquatic Microbial Community Composition, Abdulaziz Saud M Alrashdi
Dissertations, Master's Theses and Master's Reports
Triclosan (TCS) is antimicrobial agent that is used in a lot of consumer products, including toothpaste, liquid and bar soap, and cosmetics. TCS has been found in many lakes and rivers in the United States. However, The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) banned TCS recently and it will no longer be used in household products. Despite the recent ban, TCS is known to persist in the environment and may have long-term impacts. We conducted an experiment on using fresh water from three locations Houghton, Green Bay and the Huron Mountains. Our goals in the study is to assess the impact …
Preparation Of A Perylenebisimide Acceptor With Serinol And Nonadecyl-Swallowtail Imides For Use In Molecular Rectification,
2019
University of Mississippi
Preparation Of A Perylenebisimide Acceptor With Serinol And Nonadecyl-Swallowtail Imides For Use In Molecular Rectification, Tarrah Frederick
Honors Theses
Several attempts were made to add 2-amino-1,3-propanediol to the acceptor perylene monoanhydride (PMA). The theoretical product, N-(10-nonadecyl)-N'-(1,3-dihydroxypropan-2-yl)perylene-3,4,9,10-bis(dicarboximide), is intended for use in unimolecular rectification because the perylenebisimide core is classified as a good acceptor due to its high electron affinity. Rectification usually utilizes donor-σ-acceptor molecules, whose localized orbitals permit electron transfer when placed between metal electrodes of asymmetric voltages. However, according to an “asymmetric rectification” analysis, an electron can pass from one electrode, through the LUMO of the acceptor, and then to the other electrode when said electrodes are held at certain voltages, and result in rectification if the acceptor …
Carbon Dioxide Reduction Using Redox-Active Macrocyclic Catalysts,
2019
University of Mississippi
Carbon Dioxide Reduction Using Redox-Active Macrocyclic Catalysts, Dawson Kendall Buettner
Honors Theses
The current energy crisis experienced by society today is in desperate need of a solution. Through carbon dioxide (CO2) reduction, we can reduce the amount of greenhouse gas that is warming our planet as well as create a source of renewable energy. Significant challenges currently inhibit the reduction of CO2 to more desirable products. Current limitations can be addressed through the design and synthesis of more efficient catalysts that are selective, durable, and operate close to the target thermodynamic potential of CO2 reduction. In this work, three redox-active macrocyclic ligands have been synthesized and studied for the development of potential …
Cullin-3 Dependent Deregulation Of Actn1 Represents A New Pathogenic Mechanism In Nemaline Myopathy,
2019
University of California, San Diego
Cullin-3 Dependent Deregulation Of Actn1 Represents A New Pathogenic Mechanism In Nemaline Myopathy, Jordan Blondelle, Kavya Tallapaka, Jane T. Seto, Majid Ghassemian, Madison Clark, Jenni M. Laitila, Adam Bournazos, Jeffrey Singer, Stephan Lange
Biology Faculty Publications and Presentations
Nemaline myopathy is a congenital neuromuscular disorder characterized by muscle weakness, fiber atrophy, and presence of nemaline bodies within myofibers. However, understanding of the underlying pathomechanisms is lacking. Recently, mutations in KBTBD13, KLHL40, and KLHL41, three substrate adaptors for the E3 ubiquitin ligase Cullin-3, have been associated with early-onset nemaline myopathies. We hypothesized that deregulation of Cullin-3 and its muscle protein substrates may be responsible for disease development. Using Cullin-3–knockout mice, we identified accumulation of non-muscle α-actinins (ACTN1 and ACTN4) in muscles of these mice, which we also observed in patients with mutations in KBTBD13. Our …
Mutations Of Fus Cause Aggregation Of Rna Binding Proteins, Disruptions In Protein Synthesis, And Dysregulation Of Nonsense Mediated Decay,
2019
University of Kentucky
Mutations Of Fus Cause Aggregation Of Rna Binding Proteins, Disruptions In Protein Synthesis, And Dysregulation Of Nonsense Mediated Decay, Marisa Elizabeth Kamelgarn
Theses and Dissertations--Toxicology and Cancer Biology
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative disease characterized by motor neuron death and subsequent muscle atrophy. Approximately 15% of ALS cases are inheritable, and mutations in the Fused in Sarcoma (FUS) gene contribute to approximately 5% of these cases, as well as about 2% of sporadic cases. FUS performs a diverse set of cellular functions, including being a major regulator of RNA metabolism. FUS undergoes liquid- liquid phase transition in vitro, allowing for its participation in stress granules and RNA transport granules. Phase transition also contributes to the formation of cytoplasmic inclusions found in the …
Molecular Level Comparison Of Water Extractives Of Maple And Oak With Negative And Positive Ion Esi Ft-Icr Mass Spectrometry,
2019
Southern Regional Research Center, USDA Agricultural Research Service
Molecular Level Comparison Of Water Extractives Of Maple And Oak With Negative And Positive Ion Esi Ft-Icr Mass Spectrometry, Zhongqi He, Rachel L. Sleighter, Patrick G. Hatcher, Shasha Liu, Fengchang Wu, Haixuan Zou, O. Modesto Olanya
Chemistry & Biochemistry Faculty Publications
Soluble extractives in wood function to protect living trees from destructive agents and also contribute to wood color and fragrance. Some extractive components have biological activities with medical applications. They also play important roles in wood processing and related applications. To increase the knowledge of wood chemistry, maple and oak were extracted by water. Ultraviolet/visible (UV/vis) spectroscopy indicated the presence of a phenolic compound, resorcinol, in maple extractives having higher molecular mass and more aromatic components than oak extractives. Negative and positive electrospray ionization Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry (ESI FT-ICR-MS) identified thousands of formulas in the two …
