Butchers’ Waste: Zooarchaeological Analysis Of A Crusader/Ayyubid Bone Deposit From Jerusalem Street, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 99*–109*),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Butchers’ Waste: Zooarchaeological Analysis Of A Crusader/Ayyubid Bone Deposit From Jerusalem Street, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 99*–109*), Guy Bar-Oz, Noa Raban-Gerstel
'Atiqot
A small assemblage of 162 complete and fragmentary bones was retrieved from strata dated to the second half of the twelfth–thirteenth centuries CE. The faunal remains comprise predominantly domesticated livestock: sheep and goat (most frequent) as well as domestic fowl, cattle, an equid, a pig and a dog. In addition, a single shell fragment of a tortoise and two fish head-fragments were identified. The anatomical representation of sheep/goat skeletal elements seems to indicate a context of a butcher’s shop. The absence of burnt bones further attests to the excavated refuse being principally the leftovers of butchery deposits. More than 38% …
The Coins From Jerusalem Street, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 91*–97*),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
The Coins From Jerusalem Street, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 91*–97*), Robert Kool
'Atiqot
Eighteen coins were found in the vestiges of three structures on Jerusalem Street, Safed, and all were identified. Four Frankish-period billon deniers date to the 1160s–1250s: an Amalricus denier, a twelfth-century French Feudal coin, a Cypriote denier of Lusignan Cyprus and a thirteenth century denaro minted in the kingdom of Sicily. One Zangid and five Ayyubid copper fulus date between the second half of the twelfth and the first two decades of the thirteenth centuries. Eight Mamluk fulus date to the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries.
Glass Vessels From Jerusalem Street, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 84*–89*),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Glass Vessels From Jerusalem Street, Safed (Zefat) (Pp. 84*–89*), Yael Gorin-Rosen
'Atiqot
The glass vessels from the excavation on Jerusalem Street, Safed were retrieved from a well-dated context, in a Crusader–Ayyubid building. They were attributed to the second half of the twelfth and the thirteenth centuries CE. Beakers dominate the assemblages, accompanied by bottles and flasks. The beakers are of well-known medieval types, distinguished by their decoration: mold-blown ribs or applied prunts. This glass assemblage reflects a tradition common in medieval Europe of using glass vessels predominantly for drinking.
Excavations Along The High Level Aqueduct To Caesarea Maritima (Hebrew, Pp. 107–149; English Summary, Pp. 124*–126*),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Excavations Along The High Level Aqueduct To Caesarea Maritima (Hebrew, Pp. 107–149; English Summary, Pp. 124*–126*), Yosef Porath, Uzi 'Ad
'Atiqot
Salvage excavations along the central sector of the High Aqueduct to Caesarea were conducted in five areas (Areas 1–5). Area 1 was excavated at the foothills of Mount Carmel. Area 2 was excavated at the point where Road 4 cuts the aqueduct. Area 3 was located where Channel A was diverted into Deviation Channel D. Area 4 was opened on both sides of the modern breach of Naḥal ‘Ada, and Area 5, where Channel D joins Channel A. The High Aqueduct functioned continuously for about six centuries, until the Islamic conquest in 640/1 CE. It comprised three channels (A–C), which …
Safed (Zefat), Jerusalem Street: Crusader-Period Remains In The Vicinity Of The Castle (Pp. 45*–84*),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Safed (Zefat), Jerusalem Street: Crusader-Period Remains In The Vicinity Of The Castle (Pp. 45*–84*), Hervé Barbé
'Atiqot
The excavation on Jerusalem Street, Safed uncovered remains that once occupied a terrace on the western slope of a hill, below the thirteenth-century medieval castle. A detailed picture of the Crusader period emerged from the synthesis of stratigraphic analyses, Carbon-14 dating and the study of the various finds, i.e., pottery, metal objects, glass, coins and faunal remains. The pottery and glass finds date to the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Coins from the construction, occupation and destruction layers all date to the Ayyubid or Frankish periods, between 1146 and 1243–1248 CE. Based on the numismatic finds, it is feasible to attribute …
Shells From The Excavation Of Yavne-Yam (North) (Pp. 39*–43*),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Shells From The Excavation Of Yavne-Yam (North) (Pp. 39*–43*), Henk K. Mienis
'Atiqot
The excavation at Yavne-Yam (North) yielded several samples of shells, most of which were collected in the shell-pit in Area C. The shell material includes a mixture of marine, terrestrial and freshwater molluscs, belonging to 33 different species, which originated in three different regions: 24 species are from the Mediterranean Sea, 8 gastropods are local terrestrial species from the dune area between Yavne-Yam and Palmahim, and a single bivalve species is obviously from the nearby stream of Naḥal Soreq. It seems that most of the marine shells at the site were used as building material, e.g., as mortar.
Yavne-Yam (North): Geomorphology And Environment (Hebrew, Pp. 59–67; English Summary, Pp. 120*–121*),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Yavne-Yam (North): Geomorphology And Environment (Hebrew, Pp. 59–67; English Summary, Pp. 120*–121*), Oren Ackermann
'Atiqot
Yavne-Yam (North) is located on the coastal plain of Peleshet, on the border of the Rishon Le-Ziyyon and Yavne dunes, approximately 200 m from the coastline. The site is buried under sand dunes. Two representative sections were examined (E and W). In Section E, four sand units were identified, containing occupation levels (especially Units 2 and 4) that were subjected to an accumulation of sand. At the bottom of the dune (Unit 1), Late Roman-period pottery was found. In Section W, excavated to the west of the site, three units were observed: Unit 1 contained 94% sand; Unit 2 is …
A Roman-Period Fishing Station At Yavne-Yam (North) (Hebrew, Pp. 49–58; English Summary, P. 118*–119*),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
A Roman-Period Fishing Station At Yavne-Yam (North) (Hebrew, Pp. 49–58; English Summary, P. 118*–119*), Jacob Sharvit, Dror Planer
'Atiqot
Excavations at Yavne-Yam yielded remains of fishing equipment. The finds included 12 complete, unmarked weights, which were cast in a stone or pottery mold; 24 lead droplets and shapeless lumps; 35 fragments of square-sectioned bronze nails—their heads flat and round, or pointed and thickened. Other metal artifacts in the assemblage include a bronze ring and a bronze sewing needle, possibly for sails. The lead weights and industrial waste were discovered together with coins dating from the second to the first half of the fourth century CE; therefore, the assemblage was dated to the Late Roman period. The variety of the …
The Pottery And Stone Vessels From Yavne-Yam (North) (Hebrew, Pp. 31–42; English Summary, P. 116*),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
The Pottery And Stone Vessels From Yavne-Yam (North) (Hebrew, Pp. 31–42; English Summary, P. 116*), Eriola Jakoel
'Atiqot
Excavations at Yavne-Yam yielded potsherds from the Middle Bronze Age and possibly the Late Bronze Age, and from the Persian to the Late Roman (third–fourth centuries CE) periods. Scant finds from the Byzantine and Ottoman periods were retrieved mainly from the surface. Stone vessels from the Early Roman period (first–third centuries CE) were also found. The Roman-period ceramic assemblage changes our understanding of the history of Yavne-Yam’s occupation, as they testify to extensive activity at the site during this period, which was only poorly represented in previous surveys and excavations at the site. A particularly striking feature of the ceramic …
The Coins From Yavne-Yam (North) (Hebrew, Pp. 43–48; English Summary, P. 117*),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
The Coins From Yavne-Yam (North) (Hebrew, Pp. 43–48; English Summary, P. 117*), Donald T. Ariel
'Atiqot
Twenty-eight coins were found in the excavations, dating from the first through the fourth centuries CE. Seven folles may have derived from a hoard that was subsequently scattered. One exception is an autonomous Philistine coin (c. 420–390 BCE), which may be associated with other finds from the Persian period in this part of the site.
Yavne-Yam (North): An Agricultural Area And Cemeteries From The Middle And Late Bronze Ages, And The Persian, Hellenistic, Roman And Byzantine Periods (With Contributions By Eriola Jakoel And Limor Talmi)(Hebrew, Pp. 1–29; English Summary, Pp. 113*–115*),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Yavne-Yam (North): An Agricultural Area And Cemeteries From The Middle And Late Bronze Ages, And The Persian, Hellenistic, Roman And Byzantine Periods (With Contributions By Eriola Jakoel And Limor Talmi)(Hebrew, Pp. 1–29; English Summary, Pp. 113*–115*), Moshe Ajami, Uzi 'Ad
'Atiqot
In an excavation south of Kibbutz Palmahim, the northern agricultural hinterland of Yavne-Yam was exposed, including its agricultural installations and cemetery. In Area A a winepress, a building and a channel were excavated, dating to the Persian, Hellenistic and Roman periods. Area B yielded two adjacent winepresses and a kiln from the Persian and Hellenistic periods, and an installation and a retaining wall dating to between the Persian and the Late Roman periods. In Area C, middens of stones and shells were uncovered, probably dating from the Roman period. Areas D1 and D2 yielded the remains of a cemetery that …
An Iron Age Site At Khirbat Umm El-Baqr (Naḥal Adorayim) (With Contributions By Emil Aladjem)(Hebrew, Pp. 69–105; English Summary, Pp. 122*–123*),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
An Iron Age Site At Khirbat Umm El-Baqr (Naḥal Adorayim) (With Contributions By Emil Aladjem)(Hebrew, Pp. 69–105; English Summary, Pp. 122*–123*), Pirhiya Nahshoni, Svetlana Talis
'Atiqot
Two areas (A, B) were excavated at Khirbat Umm el-Baqr, north of Naḥal Adorayim. In Area A, two small, natural caves were found; no finds or evidence of use were observed. In Area B, Early Bronze Age finds were unearthed in an irregularly shaped pit, and remains of at least two buildings were exposed, dating from the end of Iron I to the beginning of Iron II (end of the eleventh–beginning of the tenth centuries BCE). The finds from the Early Bronze Age comprise potsherds and a Canaanite flint blade, and those of the Iron Age consist of pottery, a …
Glass Vessels From Yavne (Pp. 35*–37*),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Glass Vessels From Yavne (Pp. 35*–37*), Yael Gorin-Rosen
'Atiqot
During the excavation at Yavne, 33 diagnostic glass fragments were found, the majority belonging to common Late Roman- and Byzantine-period types (fourth–sixth centuries CE). The assemblage includes bowls, beakers and bottles, and two types of oil lamps, hollow-stemmed and bowl-shaped with a wick-tube. The most important glass find is a small body fragment of a mold-blown beaker, decorated with almond-shaped knobs, which is dated to the first century CE. Although the Yavne fragment was found in a refuse pit with later glass finds, the discovery of such a vessel at the site contributes significantly to our knowledge about the distribution …
An Iron Age Cemetery And Other Remains At Yavne (With A Contribution By Danny Syon)(Pp. 1*–33*),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
An Iron Age Cemetery And Other Remains At Yavne (With A Contribution By Danny Syon)(Pp. 1*–33*), Raz Kletter, Yossi Nagar
'Atiqot
Excavations at Yavne, on the plain immediately north of the ancient tell, uncovered finds from several periods: small finds from the Early and Middle Bronze Ages; a Late Bronze Age tomb; an Iron Age cemetery; and scanty remains from the Byzantine and Ottoman periods. The Iron Age cemetery comprised 28 tombs and graves. This large, dense cemetery provides significant archaeological evidence of the Philistine city of Yavne during the tenth–eighth centuries BCE.
An Excavation In The Courtyard Of The Knights’ Palace Hotel In The Christian Quarter, The Old City Of Jerusalem (With A Contribution By Ariel Berman) (Hebrew, Pp. 67*–108*; English Summary, Pp. 145–147),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
An Excavation In The Courtyard Of The Knights’ Palace Hotel In The Christian Quarter, The Old City Of Jerusalem (With A Contribution By Ariel Berman) (Hebrew, Pp. 67*–108*; English Summary, Pp. 145–147), Shlomit Weksler-Bdolah, Miriam Avissar
'Atiqot
The excavation in the courtyard of the Knights’ Palace Hotel abutted the inner eastern face of the Ottoman City wall. Five strata (V–I) were documented. In the earliest stratum (V), a drainage channel was exposed; it was probably linked to the Byzantine-period drainage system outside the Old City wall. Stratum IV yielded fills and meager construction remains from the Early Islamic period (eighth or ninth to tenth centuries CE). The main architectural remains were uncovered in Stratum III (late Crusader and Ayyubid periods; second half of the twelfth and early thirteenth centuries CE), including a square tower that was incorporated …
Chemical And Isotopic Study Of Lead-Based Objects From A Late Roman Tomb On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 133–138),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Chemical And Isotopic Study Of Lead-Based Objects From A Late Roman Tomb On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 133–138), Irina Segal
'Atiqot
Several lead-based artifacts, discovered in a cist tomb (T2200) within the Late Roman-period cemetery on Sallah ed-Din Street, were analyzed in order to elucidate their chemical composition and provenance. The chemical composition of some of the objects seems to point to a mining source located in central Britain. It seems reasonable to suggest that soldiers of the Roman army brought these lead objects to Jerusalem.
A Magical Amulet From The Cemetery On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 127–132),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
A Magical Amulet From The Cemetery On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 127–132), Gabriel Mazor
'Atiqot
A magical amulet, discovered in a burial cave within the Roman-period cemetery on Sallah ed-Din Street, is made from cobalt glass and is of fair workmanship. The amulet is engraved on the obverse with the image of Artemis/Diana in a frontal hunting posture, and on the reverse, with Greek letters. This finding supports the assumption that the cave may have served the family of a Roman veteran of the Tenth Legion, who resided in Aelia Capitolina sometime during the second–third centuries CE.
Coins From Excavations On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 125–126),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Coins From Excavations On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 125–126), Gabriela Bijovsky
'Atiqot
During excavations on Sallah ed-Din Street, three bronze coins were discovered: one, a prutah of Agrippa I, is related to the Second Temple-period quarry and the other two belong to the Late Roman cemetery. One of the latter coins was discovered within the skull of the deceased, suggesting the pagan custom related to Charon’s obol. The second coin from the cemetery was perforated, and might have been used as a pendant.
Human Skeletal Remains From Late Roman Tombs On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 73–79),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Human Skeletal Remains From Late Roman Tombs On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 73–79), Yossi Nagar
'Atiqot
Poorly preserved human skeletal remains, belonging to at least 77 individuals, were recovered from Burial Cave I and 43 rock-cut cist tombs on Sallah ed-Din Street. Most of the cist tombs contained a single primary burial. Pathologies in the sample include three traumatic lesions, which are relatively common in skeletal populations. Individuals from both sexes were almost equally represented; infants were underrepresented. The burials indicate a civilian population, similar to other reported Roman-Byzantine populations in the country.
Late Roman Funerary Customs In Light Of The Grave Goods From The Cemetery On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 81–123),
2025
Israel Antiquities Authority
Late Roman Funerary Customs In Light Of The Grave Goods From The Cemetery On Sallah Ed-Din Street, Jerusalem (Pp. 81–123), Tamar Winter
'Atiqot
The burial ground on Sallah ed-Din Street yielded many glass vessels and numerous gold, lead, copper/bronze, iron, glass, wood, shell and bone artifacts. The glass vessels and the various artifacts from the cemetery resemble finds from other Late Roman burials in Jerusalem and its vicinity. It can be inferred that some of the interred in the cemetery on Sallah ed-Din Street were foreigners, perhaps soldiers in the Roman army and their families.
