Agriculture Commons^™

The First Forest Fire History Of The Burabai Region (Kazakhstan)From Tree Rings Of Pinus Sylvestris, Kuralay Mazarzhanova, Arailym Kopabayeva, Nesi̇be Köse, Ünal Akkemi̇k

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Forest fires are one of the most important events causing an abrupt decrease in tree-ring width. Although humans are the main cause of forest fires, extreme weather or climate change may promote the frequency and severity of fires. The purpose of this study is to reconstruct historical fires in the Burabai Region of Kazakhstan including their frequency and seasons. Five tree cross-sections with fire scars were collected from two different sites, Akylbai and Burabai. After sanding the transversal surfaces of the cross-sections, the year and season of fire scars were determined. We identified 15 fires during the last 300 years …

Efficacy Of Trichogramma Evanescens And Bacillus Thuringiensis Var. Kurstaki In Control Of Cydia Pomonella (L.) In Turkey, Sevcan Öztemi̇z, Ali̇ Küden, Serpi̇l Nas, Işilay Lavkor

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of Trichogramma evanescens Westwood (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) release with as well as without Bacillus thuringiensis var. kurstaki (Berliner) in biological control of Cydia pomonella (L.) (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae) in the Galaxy Gala apple variety grafted onto M9 rootstock in 2016. Four treatments were analyzed: releasing T. evanescens alone (TE), applying B. thuringiensis var. kurstaki (BT) alone, applying both (TE + BT), and a control (C) without any application at all. The experiment design entailed randomized blocks with four replicates. In each generation of the egg stage, 100,000 parasitoids per hectare were released twice (1440 …

Assessment Of Morphophysiological Traits For Selection Of Heat-Tolerant Potato Genotypes, Ufuk Demi̇rel, Sevgi̇ Çalişkan, Caner Yavuz, İlknur Tindaş, Zsolt Polgar, Zsolt Vaszily, István Cernák, Mehmet Emi̇n Çalişkan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Since potato production has been expanded into warmer regions, breeding heat-tolerant potato varieties has also been considered among the top priorities in most breeding programs in recent years. Identification of traits related to heat tolerance in potato is crucial for selection of heat-tolerant genotypes. The objective of this study was to evaluate the responses of 17 potato genotypes to high temperature stress for identifying some candidate traits associated with heat tolerance. Haulm dry weight (HDW), leaf area index (LAI), photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr), SPAD value, and mean tuber weight (MTW) of potato genotypes at control …

Natural Dissemination Of Hypovirulent Cryphonectria Parasiticastrain Used For Biological Control Of Chestnut Blight, Naci̇ye Mükerrem Çeli̇ker, Cevdet Kaplan, Emi̇n Ersi̇n Onoğur, Barbaros Çeti̇nel, Di̇lek Poyraz, Ayşe Uysal

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Chestnut blight, caused by Cryphonectria parasitica Murr. Barr, is the most serious disease of chestnut trees in Turkey on which several studies related to biological control were conducted. The aim of this study was to determine the cause of the occurrence of healing cankers on untreated chestnut trees and the role of carriers in the spread of hypovirulence by laboratory tests, and to discover the effect of some environmental factors (temperature and relative humidity) on the natural spreading of hypovirulence. The study was carried out in a chestnut grove where biological control studies of the disease had been performed in …

In Vitro Production Protocol Of Vaccinium Uliginosum L. (Bog Bilberry)Growing In The Turkish Flora, Mustafa Cüce, Atalay Sökmen

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This novel approach was designed to increase the production capacity of Vaccinium uliginosum L. via direct organogenesis. Lateral buds containing one or two leaves were initially cultured in McCown woody plant medium (WPM), Anderson's rhododendron medium, and Murashige and Skoog basal media, each supplemented with zeatin/indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and zeatin/naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) (1.0/0.1 mg L-1). WPM containing the zeatin/IBA combination was the most effective as the basal medium. Various plant growth regulators (PGRs) were then investigated for the best shoot multiplication, and zeatin was found to be most favorable PGR in all cases. The highest shoot length and shoot …

Influence Of Vermicompost Application On Soil Consistency Limits And Soil Compactibility, Serdar Sari, Ekrem Lütfi̇ Aksakal, İlker Angin

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Soil organic matter (SOM) is a composite indicator of soil quality. Recycling of organic wastes is one of the environmentally compatible and economically viable options to increase and/or maintain SOM content. Our study was conducted to evaluate the effects of vermicompost (0%, 0.5%, 1%, 2%, and 4% w/w) on the consistency limits and the Proctor compaction test parameters of three texturally different soils (sandy loam, loam, and clay) from similar climatic conditions and cropping management practices. Results showed that vermicompost increased the optimum moisture content (OMC) with an associated decrease in maximum dry soil bulk density (MBD). The increase in …

Response Of Five Triticale Genotypes To Salt Stress In In Vitro Culture, İsmai̇l Bezi̇rğanoğlu

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Salinity is one of the important abiotic stresses that restrict plant development. Triticale is a highly adaptable crop, known for its high-quality grain, yield potential, and resistance to disease. Responses of five cultivated genotypes (Ümran Hanım, Mikham 2002, Melez 2001, Tatlıcak, and Alper Bey) of triticale to salt stress were tested in callus and embryogenic callus formation in this study. Cotyledon explants were selected as explants for callus induction and embryogenic callus formation. The five tested triticale genotypes varied in their callus growth and embryogenic callus formation. Ümran Hanım, Tatlıcak, and Alper Bey were observed for better callus induction; similarly, …

Diversity And Genetic Analysis Through Dartseq In Common Bean(Phaseolus Vulgaris L.) Germplasm From Turkey, Seda Nemli̇, Tansel Kaygisiz Aşçioğul, Duygu Ateş, Dursun Eşi̇yok, Muhammed Bahatti̇n Tanyolaç

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is the most consumed food legume in the world and is a major source of dietary protein, carbohydrates, and valuable micronutrients, especially in developing countries. Diversity Arrays Technology (DArTseq), based on genome reduction with restriction enzymes, provides a rapid, high-throughput, and cost-effective tool capable of generating thousands of genotyped single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) for a genome-wide analysis of genetic diversity. In this study, we aimed to characterize common bean accessions using SNPs detected by a DArTseq approach. A total of 43,018 SNPs were identified from 173 common bean accessions, including Andean and Mesoamerican genotypes. …

Physiological Characterization Of Turkish Bread Wheat Genotypes For Resistance To Late Drought Stress, Ali̇ Öztürk, Murat Aydin

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

A number of physiological traits have been proposed as selection criteria for late drought resistance and grain yield improvement in wheat. To characterize them in terms of late drought resistance, 64 bread wheat genotypes were evaluated for canopy temperature difference (CTD), leaf senescence rate (LSR), SPAD chlorophyll value, initial fluorescence (Fo), maximum fluorescence (Fm), variable fluorescence (Fv), maximum quantum efficiency of PSII (Fv/Fm), leaf ash content, and grain ash content in two field experiments conducted in irrigated and late drought conditions during the 2011-12 and 2012-13 seasons in Erzurum, Turkey. The experiments were conducted in an 8 x 8 lattice …

Chemical Composition And Morphometric Traits And Yield Ofcarrots Grown In Organic And Integrated Farming Systems, Natasa Sink, Maja Mikulic Petkovsek, Robert Veberic, Nina Kacjan Marsic

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Changes in chemical composition and quality traits of carrot roots (Daucus carota L.) grown in organic (ORG) and integrated (INT) farming systems were investigated during two successive years. Three carrot cultivars (Fanal, Rodelika, and Rolanka) were included. Determinations of sugars, organic acids, α- and ß-carotene, and vitamin C were performed with an HPLC system, and a liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) system was used for the identification and quantification of phenolics. A higher yield of carrot in the ORG system was observed (42-44 t ha-1) as compared with the INT system (37-40 t ha-1). The impact of farming system on morphometric …

Antioxidant Capacity Of Oilseed Rape (Brassica Napus) In Different Soil Types, Dusica Jovicic, Jovica Vasin, Zorica Nikolic, Gordana Petrovic, Gordana Tamindzic, Maja Ignjatov, Dragana Milosevic

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

This work considers the results obtained by testing the parameters of antioxidant status in leaves and roots of oilseed rape at different growth stages (phase I: formation of leaf rosettes and preparing for winter hibernation; phase II: after the winter hibernation; phase III: flowering) grown in semicontrolled field conditions on different soil types. The experiment was conducted on four oilseed rape genotypes (Banacanka, Jasna, Kata, and Zlatna) in semicontrolled conditions in containers with three soil types: chernozem, solonetz, and solonchak. The germination failed on solonchak due to the excessive amount of salt, but results were obtained for plant material on …

The Effects Of Different Plant Densities And Silage Corn Varieties On Silage Yield And Some Yield Parameters In No-Till Seeding, Mehmet Zahi̇d Malasli, Ali̇ Khatami̇, Ahmet Çeli̇k

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

In this study, the possibility of growing silage corn, which is used as an important nutrient in livestock and whose production is increasing in recent years, by no-till seeding method under Erzurum conditions was investigated. For this purpose, three silage corn varieties (DKC-5783, Prestige, and ADA-9510) suitable for Erzurum's climatic conditions in terms of vegetation period were selected from a large number of silage corn seeds widely grown throughout Turkey and their development conditions under no-till seeding conditions were investigated. A precision vacuum no-till seeder with double disk type furrow opener was used for silage corn seeding. Based on three …

Genetic Variation And Potential Genetic Resources Of Several Romanian Larch Populations, Alina Vilcan (Truta), Lucica Mihalte (Crisan), Adriana F. Sestras, Liviu Holonec, Radu E. Sestras

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

RAPD molecular markers and phenotypic growth traits were joined using different genotypes of Larix decidua (Mill.) to analyze genetic variation. Individual samples of vegetative clones were analyzed from Baciu orchard (obtained through a breeding program from regional stands from Romania) and pooled samples from places of origin (regional stands). Based on coefficients of variation for tree height, diameter, and volume, the greatest genetic variation in the orchard was observed at the Gura Humorului and Anina provenances (24.4%, 27.5%, and 14.4% for Gura Humorului and 26.9%, 29.46%, and 15.5% for Anina). In addition, the trees whose origins are Gura Humorului and …

Tree-Induced Changes In A Terra Rossa Soil Under Olive.Observations From An Integrated Field Study, Salvatore Madrau, Claudio Zucca, İhsan Akşi̇t, Zülküf Kaya, Seli̇m Kapur

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

A range of indicators including chemical, physical, morphological, and clay mineral properties were investigated to support an integrated evaluation of the changes induced by a long established olive grove on a red Mediterranean soil. The study area was located in Sardinia (Italy). Two soil profiles were studied in a site where land use had remained unchanged for the previous 150 years: one under the canopy and around the trunk of an olive tree and one between the trees. Chemical analyses including organic matter fractions were performed by horizon. Undisturbed soil samples were collected from aggregates for thin section and scanning …

More Than Food: An Analysis Of Multidimensional Relationships In Our Food System, Jessica Erin Newnan

Honors Theses and Capstones

Food is an integral part of everyday life for human beings, thus meriting particular attention from research and education. Looking further in depth at the factors that influence food, it becomes apparent that this is a complex topic that is related to several systems within the constructs of society. Here, the food system is approached with the understanding that several systems influence food consumption options and decisions including the agricultural, economic, education, energy, health, and political systems. To identify the relationships more closely, a three-dimensional model was built to represent the food system and depict several key factors, their relationships, …

Effects Of Fertilizer And Shade Management On Nitrogen Mineralization, Nitrifying Microbial Abundance And Nitrogen-Fixing Capacity Of Erythrina Poeppigiana In Coffee (Coffea Arabica) Agroforestry Systems In Costa Rica, Stuart E. Barker Iii

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

Worldwide chemical fertilizer use has increased by four times during the last 50 years. Conventional agricultural systems have a high nitrifying nature, resulting in a loss of nearly 70% of overall nitrogen (N) fertilizer inputs, an estimated economic loss of $81 billion. Over application of fertilizer is rampant in tropical developing nations in Central America, where coffee is major crop. Agroforestry offers ecologically sustainable land management strategies that promote the provision of ecosystem services such as, protection of biodiversity, climate change mitigation, and water and soil regulation. When legume trees are incorporated as the shade tree in coffee production, direct …

Cultivating Ecological Literacy And Rethinking Our Connections To Nature, Sean Fretwell

College of Graduate Studies: Theses & Dissertations

In this dissertation I explore the complex, often contested, relationships between humankind and nature. I consider the changing state of these relationships as they are influenced by factors rooted in science, technology, and economics. I also examine these relationships as they relate to human activities with agriculture. Considering the present state of environmental crisis and the abundance of evidence indicating the deleterious activities of humankind as primary causes for the many global calamities, I argue for revising industrially-driven ideologies; particularly those driven by the economic paradigm of capitalism and self-interest. Additionally, I submit that a return to kinship with nature …

Western Bean Cutworm Infestation Rates In Relation To Their Location Of The Platte River, Blade Holmes

Undergraduate Research Journal

According to DuPont Pioneer, Western Bean Cutworm (WBCW) larval infestations can reduce the corn yield by 15-20%. Western Bean Cutworm can be found throughout the Corn Belt and are destructive because their feeding may cause a variety of molds to be introduced to the ear, which reduces the grain quality and negatively affects yield. Genes such as Herculex may provide suppression, but a timely insecticide treatment will provide more control of the WBCW.

Insecticide treatments can be applied aerially or by chemigation and are typically applied to prevent insect infestations or to control an infestation that is higher than desired. …

Livestock-Livelihood Linkages In Uganda: The Benefits For Women And Rural Households?, Elizabeth Ransom, Carmen Bain, Iim Halimatusa'diyah

Sociology and Anthropology Faculty Publications

Livestock are an important component of rural households and gendered livelihood practices throughout sub-Saharan Africa. Widespread within the development literature is the belief in the livestock ladder, with poorer households often owning small stock and wealthier households owning large stock, with the assumption that poor households can utilize livestock to build their asset base and overtime this would allow poorer households to expand from small stock to large stock, in so doing climb the livestock ladder. There is also an assumption in the literature that women are more likely to oversee small stock. In addition, some well-known agricultural development programs …

Potassium Applications And Yellow Shoulder Disorder Of Tomatoes In High Tunnels, Elizabeth Maynard, Israel S. Calsoya, Jill Malecki

Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports

Tomatoes grown in unheated high tunnels can suffer significant loss in quality due to yellow shoulder disorder, particularly in susceptible varieties. This paper reports on a preliminary trial to determine whether incidence and severity of the disorder could be influenced by applying potassium fertilizers. Plots with higher leaf potassium content tended to have less fruit with severe yellow shoulder disorder, but increasing the amount of potassium fertilizer applied did not significantly reduce the disorder. From this study it isn’t possible to make specific recommendations for reducing yellow shoulder disorder with potassium applications.