Agriculture Commons^™

Louisiana Agriculture Winter, 2018, Lsu Agcenter

Louisiana Agriculture

No abstract provided.

Development Of Vegetation Mapping With Deep Convolutional Neural Network, Sae-Han Suh

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The Precision Agriculture plays a crucial part in the agricultural industry about improving the decision-making process. It aims to optimally allocate the resources to maintain the sustainable productivity of farmland and reduce the use of chemical compounds. [17] However, the on-site inspection of vegetations often falls to researchers’ trained eye and experience, when it deals with the identification of the non-crop vegetations. Deep Convolution Neural Network (CNN) can be deployed to mitigate the cost of manual classification. Although CNN outperforms the other traditional classifiers, such as Support Vector Machine, it is still in question whether CNN can be deployable in …

Impacts Of Diverse Crop Rotations And Integrated Crop-Livestock System On Soil Quality In South Dakota, Atilla Polat

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Crop diversification can be beneficial in improving soil quality parameters. Diverse crop rotations and integrated crop-livestock systems (ICLS), are two examples of crop diversification used in this study to assess soil quality. The objectives of this study were to: (i) assess the impacts of diverse rotations on soil quality parameters, and (ii) assess the impacts of low and high stocking density on soil quality parameters. Both of the studies were conducted separately and are presented as two different chapters. To accomplish objective (i), a long-term experiment was selected which was established near Brookings, South Dakota, USA at USDA-ARS lab in …

Large Effect Quantitative Trait Loci For Salicinoid Phenolic Glycosides In Populus: Implications For Gene Discovery, Scott A. Woolbright, Brian J. Rehill, Richard L. Lindroth

Aspen Bibliography

Genomic studies have been used to identify genes underlying many important plant secondary metabolic pathways. However, genes for salicinoid phenolic glycosides (SPGs)—ecologically important compounds with significant commercial, cultural, and medicinal applications—remain largely undescribed. We used a linkage map derived from a full‐sib population of hybrid cottonwoods (Populus spp.) to search for quantitative trait loci (QTL) for the SPGs salicortin and HCH‐salicortin. SSR markers and primer sequences were used to anchor the map to the V3.0 P. trichocarpa genome. We discovered 21 QTL for the two traits, including a major QTL for HCH‐salicortin (R2 = .52) that colocated …

The Impact Of Reconstructed Soils Following Oil Sands Exploitation On Aspen And Its Associated Belowground Microbiome, Franck Stefani, Nathalie Isabel, Marie-Josee Morency

Aspen Bibliography

Oil sands surface mining in the Athabasca region of northern Alberta (Canada) is a significant anthropogenic disturbance that resets boreal forest development and succession to early stages. During surface mining, the vegetation is cleared, the topsoil is salvaged, and the overburden (the layer of sand and clay in between the topsoil and the oil sands) is piled (see Fig. 2 in Audet et al.1 for an explanation of the land-reclamation procedure). After mining is finished, the landforms (composed of overburden and tailings sand) are capped with organic matter-rich soil covers made of either upland-derived forest floor-mineral mix (FFMM) or a …

Hart Prairie Preserve Site Visit To Assess Aspen Health Nature Conservancy, Flagstaff, Az, Amanda Grady

Aspen Bibliography

On June 11, 2018, Amanda Grady, Entomologist, Arizona Zone, Forest Health Protection, performed a site visit to evaluate aspen health on the Nature Conservancy lands at Heart Prairie Preserve (HPP) near Flagstaff. Specifically, the evaluation was to determine whether or not the aspen within exclosures on Fern Mountain have symptoms or signs of Oystershell scale (OSS), an emergent forest pest contributing to aspen decline in northern Arizona.

Effects Of Climate Change On Forest Vegetation In The Northern Rockies Region, Robert E. Keane, Mary Frances Mahalovich

Aspen Bibliography

No abstract provided.

Climate-Induced Gradients Of Populus Sp. Forest Biomass On The Territory Of Eurasia, Usoltev Vladimir Andreevich, Omid Shobairi, Chasovskikh Viktor Petrovich

Aspen Bibliography

On the basis of the compiled database in a number of 413 sample plots with determinations of forest biomass of the genus Populus sp. on the territory of Eurasia from France to southern China and Japan statistically significant transcontinental decreasing of stem, above ground and total biomass as in the direction from northern temperate to subequatorial zonal belt and in the direction from the Atlantic and Pacific coasts to the continentality pole in Siberia is established. Unlike wood story, understory biomass in these directions has not decreased, and increasing. The root: shoot ratio increases in the range between northern temperate …

Membrane And Cytoplasmic Proteins Of Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis That Bind To Novel Monoclonal Antibodies, John Bannantine, Judith R. Stabel, John D. Lippolis, Tim A. Reinhardt

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Monoclonal antibodies against Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (Map) proteins are important tools in Johne’s disease research and diagnostics. Johne’s disease is a chronic inflammatory intestinal disease of cattle, sheep, and other ruminant animals. We have previously generated multiple sets of monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) in different studies; however, because many were generated and screened against a whole-cell extract of Map, the antigens that bind to these antibodies remained unknown. In this study, we used three different approaches to identify the corresponding Map antigens for 14 mAbs that could not be identified previously. In the first approach, a new Map-lambda phage expression …

Suppression Of Aflatoxin Production In Aspergillus Species By Selected Peanut (Arachis Hypogaea) Stilbenoids, Victor S. Sobolev, R. S. Arias, Kerestin Goodman, Travis Walk, Valerie Orner, Paola C. Faustinelli, Alicia Massa

United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service / University of Nebraska-Lincoln: Faculty Publications

Aspergillus flavus is a soil fungus that commonly invades peanut seeds and often produces carcinogenic aflatoxins. Under favorable conditions, the fungus-challenged peanut plant produces and accumulates resveratrol and its prenylated derivatives in response to such an invasion. These prenylated stilbenoids are considered peanut antifungal phytoalexins. However, the mechanism of peanut−fungus interaction has not been sufficiently studied. We used pure peanut stilbenoids arachidin-1, arachidin-3, and chiricanine A to study their effects on the viability of and metabolite production by several important toxigenic Aspergillus species. Significant reduction or virtually complete suppression of aflatoxin production was revealed in feeding experiments in A. flavus, …

Great Basin Forb Restoration: Lupine Response To Altered Precipitation Predicted By Climate Change, Andrea Jo Johnson, Kristin Hulvey, Scott Jensen, Tom Monaco

Research on Capitol Hill

Abundance of native forb species is declining, leading to degraded ecosystems within the Great Basin.

Forbs provide many ecosystem functions, including wildlife habitat for species such as Sage Grouse, increased biodiversity, resistance to erosion, and protection from invasive plant species.

Climate change is predicted to affect timing, frequency, and intensity of precipitation within the Great Basin. During the fall season, precipitation is expected to increase by 30%.

Changes in precipitation will likely affect fall emergence of forbs, which is essential for overwintering and establishment.

Learning how precipitation affects forb emergence could lead to new methods that increase fall emergence and …

On-Farm Utilization Of Precision Dairy Monitoring: Usefulness, Accuracy, And Affordability, Elizabeth A. Eckelkamp

Theses and Dissertations--Animal and Food Sciences

Precision dairy monitoring is used to supplement or replace human observation of dairy cattle. This study examined the value dairy producers placed on disease alerts generated from a precision dairy monitoring technology. A secondary objective was calculating the accuracy of technology-generated disease alerts compared against observed disease events. A final objective was determining the economic viability of investing in a precision dairy monitoring technology for detecting estrus and diseases.

A year-long observational study was conducted on four Kentucky dairy farms. All lactating dairy cows were equipped with a neck and leg tri-axial accelerometer. Technologies measured eating time, lying time, standing …

Application Of Machine Learning Methodologies For Predicting Corn Economic Optimal Nitrogen Rate, Zhisheng Qin, D. Brenton Myers, Curtis J. Ransom, Newell R. Kitchen, Sang-Zi Liang, James J. Camberato, Paul R. Carter, Richard B. Ferguson, Fabian G. Fernandez, David W. Franzen, Carrie A. M. Laboski, Brad D. Malone, Emerson D. Nafziger, John E. Sawyer, John F. Shanahan

Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications

Determination of in-season N requirement for corn (Zea mays L.) is challenging due to interactions of genotype, environment, and management. Machine learning (ML), with its predictive power to tackle complex systems, may solve this barrier in the development of locally based N recommendations. The objective of this study was to explore application of ML methodologies to predict economic optimum nitrogen rate (EONR) for corn using data from 47 experiments across the US Corn Belt. Two features, a water table adjusted available water capacity (AWC_wt) and a ratio of in-season rainfall to AWC_wt (RAWC_wt), were …

The Impacts Of Honey Bee Queen Stress On Worker Behavior And Health, Sarah R. Preston

Theses and Dissertations--Entomology

Pesticides, poor nutrition, parasites and diseases work synergistically to contribute to the decline of the honey bee. Heritable sub-lethal behavior/immune effects may also contribute to the decline. Maternal stress is a common source of heritable immune/behavior deficits in many species. A stressed honey bee queen has the potential to pass such deficits on to worker bees. Using a repeated measures design, this study will determine whether the health of worker bee is reduced by a cold stress on the queen by analyzing egg hatch rate and protein content, emergence rate, and adult aggression and immune function for offspring laid before …

Lipophilic Antioxidants In Edible Weeds From Agricultural Areas, Helena Sircelj, Maja Mikulic Petkovsek, Robert Veberic, Metka Hudina, Ana Slatnar

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The present paper reports the contents of individual lipophilic antioxidants in fourteen species of edible common agricultural weeds, typical of agricultural areas such as fields and orchards. Young edible green aboveground parts of weeds were analyzed for their chlorophyll, carotenoid, and tocopherol qualitative profiles and contents. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the complete lipophilic antioxidant composition of the edible weeds examined in this study. The results revealed that all examined leafy plant species are good sources of lipophilic antioxidants, the richest source being Urtica dioica (255.64 mg 100 $g^{-1}$ fwt), followed by Cardamine …

Cocklebur (Xanthium Strumarium L.) Seed Oil Andits Properties As An Alternative Biodiesel Source, Cüneyt Cesur, Tanzer Eryilmaz, Tansu Uskutoğlu, Hülya Doğan, Belgi̇n Coşge Şenkal

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Cocklebur (Xanthium strumarium L.) seed oil is available for biodiesel production as a wild plant species. In the present study, the cocklebur seeds collected from Muslubelen, Yozgat, Turkey, at 1440 m in 2014 were sown in the Bozok University Agriculture Faculty Topçu Research Area during 2015 and 2016. The maximum crude oil ratio was obtained as 35%. Oleic and linoleic acid contents of cocklebur seed oil were determined as 11.37% and 76.97%, respectively. Some important fuel properties such as density, flash point, water content, copper strip corrosion, iodine value, linolenic acid, methyl ester, and sulfated ash content values were measured …

Impacts Of 1-Methylcyclopropene (1-Mcp) On Postharvest Quality Of 'Ankara' Pears During Long-Term Storage, Mehmet Seçki̇n Kurubaş, Mustafa Erkan

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

The effects of various concentrations of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) on `Ankara? pears (Pyrus communis L.) were investigated. The pears were harvested at commercial maturity level and 1-MCP (250 and 500 ppb) was applied to the fruit for 24 h at 5 °C. After 1-MCP treatments, the pears were kept at 0 °C temperature with 90%-92% relative humidity (RH) for 8 months. Fruit samples were taken at 2-month intervals from the storage room and various physical and chemical analyses, including soluble solids content, weight loss, flesh firmness, titratable acidity, skin color, respiration rate, ethylene emission, and fruit taste were carried out on …

Drought Stress Responses Of Seedlings Of Two Oak Species (Quercus Cerris And Quercus Robur), Ayşe Deli̇göz, Esra Bayar

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Effects of drought stress on growth, predawn xylem water potential (ψpd), osmotic solutes (soluble sugar and proline), and stomatal conductance were assessed in two oak (Quercus cerris L. and Quercus robur L.) seedlings. Seedlings of both species were subjected to three drought treatments with the following irrigation intervals: well-watered (control: irrigation every 2-3 days), moderate drought stress (irrigation every 15 days), and severe drought stress (irrigation every 30 days). Drought-stressed seedlings of Q. cerris and Q. robur had more negative predawn xylem water potential than their well-watered seedlings. In Q. cerris, root collar diameter and root dry weights were negatively …

Olive Tree Response To The Severity Of Pruning, Manuel Angelo Rodrigues, João Ilidio Lopes, Isabel Queiros Ferreira, Margarida Arrobas

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Pruning has been seen as a means of improving olive tree productivity. The presumed importance of pruning was described by Columella (born 4 AD), and has persisted in general terms to the present. In this work, the effect of different pruning regimes was assessed from two field trials conducted in Mirandela, NE Portugal, in an olive grove of cv. 'Cobrançosa', rainfed managed. The first trial began after a light crop ("off" year) and received four pruning regimes (hard, moderate, light, and nonpruned control). The second trial started the following year, after a heavy crop ("on" year), and received two pruning …

Genetic Diversity Assessment In Nicotiana Tabacum L. With Ipbs-Retrotransposons, Gülsüm Yaldiz, Mahmut Çamlica, Muhammad Azhar Nadeem, Muhammad Amjad Nawaz, Faheem Shahzad Baloch

Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry

Knowledge of genetic diversity could be beneficial by contributing important information in the selection of breeding material. The objective of this study was to explore the genetic diversity and relationship in the Turkish tobacco germplasm with the iPBSretrotransposons marker that emerged as a universal method. A total of 90 landraces and 6 commercial cultivars collected from different geographical regions of Turkey were used in this study. Eleven most polymorphic iPBS-retrotransposons primers yielded a total of 119 scorable bands and 98 of these bands were found to be polymorphic (82.35%), with an average of 8.91 polymorphic fragments for each primer. The …