Gene Silencing Provides Insights Into Bark Beetle Biology And Creates Potential For Broad Scale Forest Protection,
2022
University of Kentucky
Gene Silencing Provides Insights Into Bark Beetle Biology And Creates Potential For Broad Scale Forest Protection, Beth R. Kyre
Theses and Dissertations--Entomology
Dendroctonus bark beetles are among the most economically and ecologically significant forest pests in North America and play a critical role in the overall health of conifer forest ecosystems. Dendroctonus bark beetles influence ecosystem benefits and biodiversity and drive forest succession, and adversely affect timber production, forest management, and recreation. As temperatures surge and climatic fluctuations become more extreme, catastrophic bark beetle outbreaks are increasing in frequency, escalating pressures on highly vulnerable conifer forests already compromised by heat and drought. Eruptive outbreaks of Dendroctonus beetles are largely unhindered by traditional silvicultural management; these practices further disrupt forest ecosystem services, including …
A Functional Genomics Approach To Overwintering Mechanisms In Insects,
2022
University of Kentucky
A Functional Genomics Approach To Overwintering Mechanisms In Insects, Emily Allison Wheeler Nadeau
Theses and Dissertations--Entomology
Insects living in temperate and polar environments have developed numerous adaptations to increase survival at low temperatures. A majority of insects are freeze-intolerant and die from internal ice formation, but some are freeze-tolerant and can survive ice formation in extracellular spaces. Both categories of insects prepare for winter with a combination of seasonal and rapid acclimation responses, which differ both in time course and in underlying mechanisms. In this dissertation, I examine adaptations for winter survival in several insect species with a specific focus on molecular mechanisms. To better understand the underpinning mechanisms of these adaptations, I leverage functional genomics …
2022 High Tunnel Fresh Market Determinate Tomato Cultivar Trial For Southern Illinois,
2022
University of Illinois Extension
2022 High Tunnel Fresh Market Determinate Tomato Cultivar Trial For Southern Illinois, Bronwyn Aly
Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports
A determinate tomato cultivar trial was conducted at the University of Illinois Dixon Springs Agricultural Center (DSAC) located in southern Illinois (Pope County) during the 2022 growing season. The objective of this trial was to compare performance of thirteen fresh market determinate tomato cultivars in a high tunnel production system.
2022 Dsac High Tunnel Bell Pepper Variety Trial,
2022
University of Illinois Extension
2022 Dsac High Tunnel Bell Pepper Variety Trial, Bronwyn Aly
Midwest Vegetable Trial Reports
This paper reports on seven bell pepper cultivar entries evaluated in a high tunnel production system during the 2022 growing season at the University of Illinois Dixon Springs Agricultural Center (DSAC) located in southern Illinois (Pope County).
Design Of Affordable Polyaniline - Based Wearable Sensor For Real Time Plant Growth Monitoring,
2022
South Dakota State University
Design Of Affordable Polyaniline - Based Wearable Sensor For Real Time Plant Growth Monitoring, Temitope Borode
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The need for precision agriculture in today and future farming cannot be overstressed. Recent agriculture is characterized by numerous challenges such as environmental stressors and resource constraints resulting in low crop yield and unsustainable agriculture practices. Understanding plant growth mechanism and growth rate under the external influence is a bedrock towards precision agriculture practices ensuring optimum yield and sustainable utilization of resources. The current study addresses this need by developing and applying an affordable and stable sensor for monitoring plant growth. The sensor was fabricated by in-situ chemical polymerization of aniline on an elastic band substrate by dip coating. The …
Managing Water Quantity And Quality With Subsurface Drainage In Eastern South Dakota,
2022
South Dakota State University
Managing Water Quantity And Quality With Subsurface Drainage In Eastern South Dakota, Morghan Hurst
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Moisture extremes (excess and deficit) impact crop loss and water quality. Due to excessively wet springs and dry summers, crop damage can occur within the same county or field within the same year. To determine the magnitude of this problem in eastern South Dakota, indemnified crop insurance data for drought and excessive moisture claims were assessed for the years 1991-2020 for the occurrence of both excess moisture and drought in four counties in eastern South Dakota. Results show that there is greater than a 70% chance of the moisture extremes happening in the same year, making subsurface drainage, controlled drainage, …
Sublethal Effects Of Two Entomopathogenic Fungi Species, Metarhizium Anisopliae And Beauveria Bassiana, On The Cabbage Aphid (Brevicoryne Brassicae), Mahdieh Mousavi, Fariba Mehrkhou, Nurper Güz, Yobert Goosta, Remzi̇ Atlihan
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
We evaluated the sublethal (LC25) effects of the three native strains of two important entomopathogenic fungi (EPFs) species (Metarhizium anisopliae AB, M. anisopliae Iran 245, and Beauveria bassiana 106) on the cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L. (Hemiptera: Aphididae) which is among the most destructive pests of cole crops. Studies were carried out in controlled conditions providing 25 ± 2 °C, 60% ± 5% RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (L:D). The age-stage, two-sex life table method was used for data analysis. The results indicated that EPF treatments affected the population growth rate of the aphids by causing prolongation of …
Crude Extracts And Essential Oil Of Platycladus Orientalis (L.) Franco: A Source Of Phenolics With Antioxidant And Antibacterial Potential As Assessed Through A Chemometric Approach, Marwa Khammassi, Rayda Ben Ayed, Sana Khedhiri, Mouna Souihi, Mohsen Hanana, Ismail Amri, Lamia Hamrouni
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
The chemical composition, antioxidant properties and antibacterial activities of different extracts (water, ethanol, acetate ethyl and hexane) and essential oil from Platycladus orientalis leaves were analysed in this study. The essential oil was extracted by hydrodistillation, and its chemical composition was determined by gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The major components of the essential oil were α-pinene (40.2%), β-phellandrene (9.3), α-cedrol (9.2%) and β-caryophyllene (6.3%). Phytochemical analysis of crude extracts and essential oil revealed the richness of ethyl acetate and ethanolic extracts in total phenolic content (62.69 and 61.44 mg GAE/g DW, respectively). The antioxidant activities of all …
Genome-Wide Analysis Of Peroxidase Genes In Passion Fruit (Passiflora Edulis Sims.) And Their Expression Patterns Induced By Root Colonization Of Piriformospora Indica Under Cold Stress, Dangdi Liang, Muhammad Moaaz Ali, Shariq Mahmood Alam, Xuping Huang, Ahmed Fathy Yousef, Walid F. A. Mosa, Emi̇ne Orhan, Zhimin Lin, Faxing Chen
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Peroxidases (PODs) have various physiological and biochemical roles in plant growth, development and stress response. The POD genes were identified in various plant species, but in passion fruit has not yet been thoroughly characterized. Here, we discovered 30 putative POD genes from the genome of Passiflora edulis Sims. For further elucidation, comprehensive bioinformatics analysis was utilized to determine the physicochemical properties, gene organization, conserved motifs, gene duplication and phylogenetic relationships of PePOD genes. Most of the POD proteins were predicted to be located in extracellular region. Gene organization and motif analysis showed that the number of exons and motifs in …
Selected Phenolics And Antioxidant Capacities: From Boğazkere (Vitis Vinifera L.) Grape To Pomace And Wine,
2022
TÜBİTAK
Selected Phenolics And Antioxidant Capacities: From Boğazkere (Vitis Vinifera L.) Grape To Pomace And Wine, Hande Tahmaz, Gökhan Söylemezoğlu
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
In this research, the amounts of trans-resveratrol, (+)-catechin, (-)- epicatechin, and malvidin-3-glucoside which are among phenolic compounds as well as the total phenolic compound, total anthocyanin, and antioxidant capacity changes were examined in the Boğazkere (Vitis vinifera L.) grape, pomace before press, pomace after press and wine. In all parameters examined, a decrease was seen when proceeding from grape to wine, only (+)- catechin and (-)- epicatechin levels were detected to be higher in the prepress pomace. Total phenolic compound, total anthocyanin, and antioxidant capacity levels were found highest in grape samples, respectively, 8018 mg GAE/kg; 1606 mg/kg; 16.05 μmol …
Evaluation Of Cone And Seed Quality Of Siberian Stone Pine (Pinus Sibirica Du Tour) For Plus-Tree Selection,
2022
TÜBİTAK
Evaluation Of Cone And Seed Quality Of Siberian Stone Pine (Pinus Sibirica Du Tour) For Plus-Tree Selection, Svetlana Velisevich, Alexander Popov
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Siberian stone pine (Pinus sibirica Du Tour) is a cone-bearing species with outstanding nutritious seeds, health-supporting properties, and nut oil. Currently, the main volume of pine nuts is harvested in natural forests, which causes damage to ecosystems. The best solution to this problem would be harvesting nuts on special pine nut plantations established on the basis of high-seeding clones. However, it is hampered by the low efficiency of the existing methods for assessing plus-tree productivity. This work focused on cone analysis in two sites used for plus-tree selection: a 42-year-old sparse forest plantation and a 186-224-year-old closed natural forest. The …
Phytophthora-Citrus Interactions And Management Strategies: A Review,
2022
TÜBİTAK
Phytophthora-Citrus Interactions And Management Strategies: A Review, Anas Fadli, Hamid Benyahia, Sajjad Hussain, Rashid Iqbal Khan, Muhammad Junaid Rao, Talaat Ahmed, Veronica Ancona, Muhammad Fasih Khalid
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Citrus production is declining worldwide due to several biotic and abiotic factors. The diseases caused by Phytophthora spp. present major economic risks since they are soil-borne and spread quickly if environmental conditions are favorable, or irrigation is poorly managed. Phytophthora species are present in all citrus-producing areas around the world causing significant losses in crop yield and affecting tree health. Bark infection, damping-off, root rot, gummosis, brown rot, and cortical root rot are among the typical symptoms caused by Phytophthora spp. The pathogenicity of Phytophthora spp. depends mainly on the specific interactions between the isolates and citrus cultivars. The use …
Plant Growth-Promoting Bacteria Improve Triticum Aestivum L. Growth And Photosynthetic Activity In Sulfonamide-Contaminated Soil, Ammara Saleem, Asma Zulfiqar, Soha A. Alamoudi, Mada F. Ashkan, Eman Alhomaidi
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Antibiotics are disseminated by grazing animals or their feces throughout agricultural areas. These antibiotics, as environmental pollutants, have a negative impact on plant growth and physiology. Sulfonamides are frequently used to protect livestock production, but they also have a considerable negative impact on plant growth and rhizospheric bacteria. Plants are sensitive to their surroundings, and they employ their internal biological systems to deal with the threats to their growth and development. Soil microbes, which are the most common inhabitants, have amazing metabolic capacities that enable them to overcome abiotic constraints. The effects of sulfonamide stress on wheat cultivar Chakwal-50 were …
Graphene Oxide: A Promising Material For The Germination Of Melon Seeds Under Salinity Stress,
2022
TÜBİTAK
Graphene Oxide: A Promising Material For The Germination Of Melon Seeds Under Salinity Stress, Haluk Çağlar Kaymak, Meli̇ke Sevi̇m, Önder Meti̇n
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
It is well-known that salinity is an important adverse environmental factor (abiotic stresses) that limits plant growth, development, and productivity all over the world. Herein, we report for the first time the use of graphene oxide (GO) as a promising material against the salinity stress using melon (Cucumis melo L.) seeds as the model crop. GO as a priming material possesses various advantages such as being highly water-soluble, nontoxic, producible on a large scale from graphite, and low-cost over the existing materials. In this study, we identified the effect of different GO doses (0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0 mg/mL) …
Herbicide Resistance In Avena Sterilis Subsp Ludoviciana Populations From The Wheat Fields Of Turkey,
2022
TÜBİTAK
Herbicide Resistance In Avena Sterilis Subsp Ludoviciana Populations From The Wheat Fields Of Turkey, Süleyman Gürdal Türkseven, Ahmet Uludağ, Mehmet Demi̇rci̇, Ahmet Tansel Seri̇m
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Avena sterilis L. subsp ludoviciana (Durieu) Gillet and Magne (AVELU) is among the most common and economically important grass weed species, especially in wheat fields of Turkey; therefore, the herbicides with the same mode of action (ACCase and ALS/AHAS inhibitors) are used to control have been successively applied without incessant by farmers. A study was conducted to find out the extent of wild oat problems throughout Turkey including herbicide resistance. This paper includes results of determining the herbicide resistance status of AVELU populations to ACCase and ALS inhibitors that are fenoxaprop (Fen), pinoxaden (Pin), tralkoxydim (Tra), mesosulfuron+iodosulfuron (MeI), and proxycarbazone+mesosulfuron …
Biochar Mitigates Salt Stress By Regulating Nutrient Uptake And Antioxidant Activity, Alleviating The Oxidative Stress And Abscisic Acid Content In Cabbage Seedlings, Melek Eki̇nci̇, Meti̇n Turan, Ertan Yildirim
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the growth, physiology, and biochemistry of cabbage seedlings in response to salinity stress with biochar. The study was conducted as factorial completely randomized design with two factors; salinity levels (0 and 150 mM NaCl) and biochar doses (weighed at the rate of 0%, 2.5%, and 5% by soil weight). Growth parameters such as stem diameter, leaf area, shoot fresh weight, root fresh weight, shoot dry weight, and root dry weight of cabbage seedlings treated with 150 mM NaCl were lower than the control. Biochar amendments improved the growth parameters of cabbage seedlings under …
Inter-Primer Binding Site (Ipbs) Retrotransposon Markers Provide Insights Into Thegenetic Diversity And Population Structure Of Carrots (Daucus, Apiaceae), Mehtap Yildiz, Carlos Arbizu
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
Studies of genetic diversity and population structure are essential as an initial step in conservation and breeding programs for modern crops. Carrot (Daucus spp.) is among the ten most important vegetables worldwide, however, its genetic structure and phylogenetic relationships are not totally deciphered. Here, we explored the utility of 21 inter-primer binding site (iPBS) retrotransposon markers to determine the genetic diversity and population structure of 38 accessions of Daucus and one accession of a related genus. The manual scoring revealed 309 bands based on their presence/absence. The dendrogram based on the UPGMA clustering algorithm and a principal coordinate analysis (PCoA) …
Study Of Anatomical And Acc (1-Aminocyclopropane-1-Carboxylate) During Flower Budabscission Indicate An Important Role Of Alternate Bearing, Muhammet Ali̇ Gündeşli̇, Sali̇h Kafkas, Şenay Karabiyik, Si̇nan Eti̇, Nesi̇be Ebru Kafkas
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
This study investigates whether, and how, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) is concerned in flower bud abscission of pistachio (Pistacia vera L.). Abscission was studied about the activation of the abscission zone, located between shoot and flower bud, from Uzun pistachio cultivar where the abscission profiles and the scanning electron micrographs pictorial differences in the abscission program, under natural conditions of flower bud. ACC content was investigated in the flower bud abscission zone during growth and abscission using liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC/ESI-MS/MS). Results showed that abscission layers were started at first 45 days after full blooming (DAFB) …
Comparative Study Of Phenolic Compounds In Olive Oils From Differentgeographic Regions,
2022
TÜBİTAK
Comparative Study Of Phenolic Compounds In Olive Oils From Differentgeographic Regions, Şeyma Şi̇şi̇k Oğraş
Turkish Journal of Agriculture and Forestry
In this study, the effect of cultivar, harvest year, and the geographic regions (Mediterranean, Aegean, Southeastern Anatolia, Marmara, and the Black Sea) on phenolic compounds of virgin olive oils were investigated. Tyrosol was the major phenolic compound in the Mediterranean, Southeastern, and Black Sea regions. Hydroxytyrosol showed the highest value (2.07 mg/kg) in the Southeastern Anatolia region and the lowest value (0.75 mg/kg) in the Marmara region. Among the phenolic acids, vanillic acid had an important place in phenolic compounds (p < 0.01). This phenolic acid gave higher values in the Marmara region compared to other regions. Flavonoids were determined as important groups of phenolic compounds in olive oils. The oils from the Southeastern Anatolia region separated from other oils with the highest levels of flavonoids such as quercetin, luteolin, and apigenin. All phenolic compounds, except transcinnamic acid and quercetin, increased in the second harvest year. Vanillic acid was the highest phenolic compound in the first year, in contrast, tyrosol had higher values than vanillic acid in the second year. Many phenolic compounds were affected by olive cultivar. Memecik has a higher content of tyrosol, vanillic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, and quercetin in the Aegean region. However, this variety showed higher values for hydroxytyrosol, transcinnamic acid, luteolin, and apigenin in the Marmara region. Gemlik, Ayvalık, Çelebi, Domat and Memecik from Marmara regions had higher vanillic acid. Butko, Otur and Kızıl Satı showed higher tyrosol. Principal component analysis showed that phenolic compounds could play an important role in the separation of regions and cultivars.
Ecological Intensification With Soil Health Practices Demonstrates Positive Impacts On Multiple Soil Properties: A Large-Scale Farmer-Led Experiment,
2022
University of Nebraska-Lincoln
Ecological Intensification With Soil Health Practices Demonstrates Positive Impacts On Multiple Soil Properties: A Large-Scale Farmer-Led Experiment, Fernanda Souza Krupek, Daren D. Redfearn, Kent M. Eskridge, Andrea Basche
Department of Agronomy and Horticulture: Faculty Publications
Improving soil health is critical to reversing trends of soil degradation and is of increasing interest to a range of stakeholders including policymakers, agricultural industry leaders, food companies, and farmers. Crop and soil management practices focused on ecological functions can be effective in restoring fundamental biological, chemical and physical soil properties. The call for ecological intensification of agricultural systems has the potential to improve soil health and input-use efficiency. In this study, we developed a framework to classify spatial and temporal ecological intensification with soil health practices: tillage, crop rotation, cover crop, organic amendment, and crop-livestock integration. We applied this …
