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Articles 1381 - 1410 of 1934

Full-Text Articles in Social Control, Law, Crime, and Deviance

Broken Windows, Police, &Traffic Safety, Carol Servino Apr 2012

Broken Windows, Police, &Traffic Safety, Carol Servino

Graduate Research Symposium (2010 - 2017)

Abstract This research explores application of the “broken windows” theory of public disorder and urban decline to the pattern and problem of police officer fatalities in motor vehicle crashes. It contextualizes the influential theory into a 45-year timeline of significant events related to legislative efforts and traffic safety behavioral safety programs in the United States. It finds one police agency that reported fewer crimes and fewer crashes after implementing a community-wide Safe Streets program designed around “broken windows” theory in 1997. It pays particular attention to states with the highest percentages of law enforcement officer fatalities in motor vehicle crashes, …

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Less Serious Offenses Account For 90 Percent Of The Growth In Juvenile Placements, Jeffrey A. Butts Apr 2012

Less Serious Offenses Account For 90 Percent Of The Growth In Juvenile Placements, Jeffrey A. Butts

Publications and Research

The largest increases in juvenile placements were seen in cases involving obstruction of justice, simple assault, drug law violations, vandalism, and disorderly conduct. This databit looks at the percentage and change in placement cases for juveniles from 1985 to 2008.

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Mental Health And Drug Disorders Less Common At Early Stages Of Juvenile Justice, Jeffrey A. Butts Apr 2012

Mental Health And Drug Disorders Less Common At Early Stages Of Juvenile Justice, Jeffrey A. Butts

Publications and Research

Youth in the juvenile justice system are at a higher risk for mental health disorders and substance abuse problems, but these differences in risk are often misunderstood. This databit looks at the prevalence of mental health and substance abuse and makes recommendations for early intervention and prevention programs.

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Violent Crime Rates Continue To Fall Among Juveniles And Young Adults, Jeffrey A. Butts Apr 2012

Violent Crime Rates Continue To Fall Among Juveniles And Young Adults, Jeffrey A. Butts

Publications and Research

Violent crime (murder, forcible rape, robbery, and aggravated assault based on the FBI Violent Crime Index) declined per capita for ages 10 – 17 after 2004. This databit looks at the arrest rates for these four offenses between 1994 and 2004.

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Life Beyond The Haze: The Risks, Reasons And Rewards Of Dealing And Doing In College, Matthew Cecil '12 Apr 2012

Life Beyond The Haze: The Risks, Reasons And Rewards Of Dealing And Doing In College, Matthew Cecil '12

Honor Scholar Theses

This investigative series examines collegiate drug culture at DePasw University in Greencastle, Indiana and ancillaries. Manjuana provides the primary focus, although the illegal nse of prescription drugs, “party” drugs and other harder drugs is covered as well. Interviews include dealers and users, current and former students, law enforcement officials, relevant experts and others with connections to the drug scene at DePauw. These interviews, and my observations of these students, tell the story of privilege of protection at a small private college in the Midwest and its national implications.

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Human Trafficking: An Ancient Trade With A Modern Face, Singapore Management University Apr 2012

Human Trafficking: An Ancient Trade With A Modern Face, Singapore Management University

Perspectives@SMU

If we believe that advances in science, health and human rights have led to a more civilised society than before, think again.

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Adolescent Dating Violence: How Should Schools Respond?, Jeanne L. Surface, David Stader, Thomas Graca, Jerry Lowe Apr 2012

Adolescent Dating Violence: How Should Schools Respond?, Jeanne L. Surface, David Stader, Thomas Graca, Jerry Lowe

Educational Leadership Faculty Publications

Educational leaders have a substantial degree of control over students and generally have a tremendous influence on the decisions that they make. District administrators are already involved in comprehensive efforts to stem sexual harassment, teen violence and bullying; therefore, they may be well positioned to identify and address the problem of teen dating violence. Unfortunately, school district failure to take action is far too common, despite the statutory duty to ensure the safety of all students during school hours and at school sponsored events. School districts can be held liable for student dating violence under Title IX, under 42 U.S.C. …

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A New Moral Socialization Model: Wrongfulness And Legal Atitutde As Mediators In Predicting Adolescent Rule-Violating Behavior, Kristen M. Williams Apr 2012

A New Moral Socialization Model: Wrongfulness And Legal Atitutde As Mediators In Predicting Adolescent Rule-Violating Behavior, Kristen M. Williams

Honors Theses and Capstones

One of the most baffling questions in delinquency literature is why some adolescents engage in these rule-violating behaviors while others refrain. Some researchers have found support for a link between moral reasoning and rule-violating behaviors (Blasi, 1980). The legal socialization model includes legal attitudes as the mediator between the two (Cohn, Bucolo, Rebellon & Van Gundy, 2010). In the current two studies, the researchers tested a moral socialization model with wrongfulness and approval as mediators based on data from middle and high school students as well as college students. In the first study, the model was tested longitudinally with middle …

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Delinquent Friends And Reactions To Strain: An Examination Of Direct And Indirect Pathways, Ryan E. Spohn Apr 2012

Delinquent Friends And Reactions To Strain: An Examination Of Direct And Indirect Pathways, Ryan E. Spohn

Criminology and Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Strain theorists acknowledge that only some strained individuals become involved in delinquency. Thus, a necessary research objective is to determine the conditions under which strain results in deviant adaptations. The goal of this research is to examine the conditioning effects of exposure to delinquent friends/peer pressure on the relationship between strain and delinquency. Whereas Agnew (1992, 2001, 2006) argues that a criminogenic environment will increase the effect of strain on delinquency, Warr’s (1993) research indicates that other correlates of delinquency lose their influence when adolescents are enmeshed in a network of delinquent peers. In testing these competing hypotheses, the current …

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Cj Times Volume 6, Issue 2, Department Of Criminal Justice Apr 2012

Cj Times Volume 6, Issue 2, Department Of Criminal Justice

CJ Times (Newsletter)

No abstract provided.

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Stop Snitching: Hip Hop's Influence On Crime Reporting In The Inner City, Ladel Lewis Apr 2012

Stop Snitching: Hip Hop's Influence On Crime Reporting In The Inner City, Ladel Lewis

Dissertations

The “stop snitching” phenomenon is a social epidemic that is affecting inner cities from coast to coast. These street politics have an adverse effect on the way individuals in the inner city view cooperation with police. With hip hop culture claiming a larger stake on the global stage, and mainstream artists sparking attention by denouncing cooperation with authorities while reproving others that choose to do so, this research examines if a relationship exists between individuals that adhere to the “code of silence” and self-professed hip hoppers. While much has been written about the significance of hip hop culture on the …

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Transfer Of Juveniles To Criminal Court Is Not Correlated With Falling Youth Violence, Jeffrey A. Butts Mar 2012

Transfer Of Juveniles To Criminal Court Is Not Correlated With Falling Youth Violence, Jeffrey A. Butts

Publications and Research

Though it may seem that transferring youth to criminal court should lower youth violent crime, this analysis shows no relationship. This databit looks at the transfer rate and violent crime declines in the six states that reported juvenile arrests to the FBI.

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The Social Contagion Of Violence; A Theoretical Exploration Of The Nature Of Violence In Society, Kayla Kirkpatrick Mar 2012

The Social Contagion Of Violence; A Theoretical Exploration Of The Nature Of Violence In Society, Kayla Kirkpatrick

Social Sciences

No abstract provided.

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Recent Increases In Drug Arrests Were For Possession, Not Sales, Jeffrey A. Butts Feb 2012

Recent Increases In Drug Arrests Were For Possession, Not Sales, Jeffrey A. Butts

Publications and Research

Between 1991 and 2006, arrests for drug sales and manufacturing dropped while arrests for possession grew, with the largest growth seen in youth under 18. This databit looks at drug-related arrests for youth under 18, young adults 18 – 24, and adults 25 and older.

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As Serious Juvenile Crime Declined, Police Made More Arrests For Less Serious Offenses, Jeffrey A. Butts Feb 2012

As Serious Juvenile Crime Declined, Police Made More Arrests For Less Serious Offenses, Jeffrey A. Butts

Publications and Research

Arrests by law enforcement for youth under 18 reached a 30-year low in 2012. Arrests for the eight serious offenses included in the FBI crime index decreased by almost half from 1995 to 2010. This databit looks at juvenile arrests in total and by offense from 1980 to 2010.

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Discerning Reported Suicide Attempts Within A Youthful Offender Population, Christopher A. Mallett, Leaanne Derigne, Linda M. Quinn, Patricia A. Stoddard Dare Feb 2012

Discerning Reported Suicide Attempts Within A Youthful Offender Population, Christopher A. Mallett, Leaanne Derigne, Linda M. Quinn, Patricia A. Stoddard Dare

Social Work Faculty Publications

With suicide being the third leading cause of death among young people, early identification of risk is critical, particularly for those involved with the juvenile courts. In this study of court-involved youth (N = 433) in two Midwest counties, logistic regression analysis identified some expected and unexpected findings of important demographic, educational, mental health, child welfare, and juvenile court-related variables that were linked to reported suicide attempts. Some of the expected suicide attempt risk factors for these youth included prior psychiatric hospitalization and related mental health services, residential placement, and diagnoses of depression and alcohol dependence. However, the most unexpected …

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They Call Me Crazy: Factors To Conspiratorial Participation, Rachel Sparkman Jan 2012

They Call Me Crazy: Factors To Conspiratorial Participation, Rachel Sparkman

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

This study investigates the public perceptions of conspiracy theories and the level and types of participation of those who believe such theories. It addresses the research questions of: (1) Under what conditions would a person speak openly about conspiracy, and under what conditions would they remain silent? (2) What are the social factors that draw a person into joining with others who believe a particular conspiracy has occurred? And (3) is there any relationship between a person's education and profession that would increase or hinder a conspiracist's visible participation of his or her beliefs? A total of thirty interviews were …

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Reducing Courts’ Failure-To-Appear Rate By Written Reminders, Brian H. Bornstein, Alan J. Tomkins, Elizabeth M. Neeley, Mitchel N. Herian, Joseph A. Hamm Jan 2012

Reducing Courts’ Failure-To-Appear Rate By Written Reminders, Brian H. Bornstein, Alan J. Tomkins, Elizabeth M. Neeley, Mitchel N. Herian, Joseph A. Hamm

Alan Tomkins Publications

This article examines the effectiveness of using different kinds of written reminders to reduce misdemeanor defendants’ failure-to-appear (FTA) rates. A subset of defendants was surveyed after their scheduled court date to assess their perceptions of procedural justice and trust and confidence in the courts. Reminders reduced FTA overall, and more substantive reminders (e.g., with information on the negative consequences of FTA) were more effective than a simple reminder. FTA varied depending on several offense and offender characteristics, such as geographic location (urban vs. rural), type of offense, and number of offenses. The reminders were somewhat more effective for Whites and …

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Phenomenological Theories Of Crime, Peter K. Manning, Michael W. Raphael Jan 2012

Phenomenological Theories Of Crime, Peter K. Manning, Michael W. Raphael

Graduate Student Publications and Research

The distinctive aspect of phenomenological theories of crime is that they are based upon a stated epistemology: how things are known and a specific ontology—the nature of social reality. This specificity aligns itself with neo-Kantian concern with forms of knowing, interpretation, and meaning, as well as with 20th-century concern with perception, cognition, and the framing of events. While there are influences of phenomenological thinking on varieties of theorizing, such as symbolic interactionism, critical theory, queer theory, and gender-based theories of crime, these ideas are refractions and are inconsistent in their reference to and understanding of the foundational phenomenological works. A …

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Veterans Court: Towards The Implementation Of A Collaborative Justice Model In San Luis Obispo County, Daniel Smee Jan 2012

Veterans Court: Towards The Implementation Of A Collaborative Justice Model In San Luis Obispo County, Daniel Smee

Continuing Education (CAPSTONE)

Veterans’ treatment courts represent an emerging trend across the country of collaborative justice designed to deal with criminal justice issues stemming from problems linked to military service. This approach places the veteran in VA (Veterans Affairs) treatment programs as a diversion from incarceration. There are few such courts in California (nine) largely in non-rural counties. This study investigated two rural counties, Tulare and Santa Barbara with Veterans courts to develop a model for such a court in San Luis Obispo County. Early recidivism data at the one-year point for Tulare County showed a zero percent rate of criminal behavior (12 …

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Significant Race Differences In Factors Related To The Detention Recidivism Of Youthful Offenders, Christopher A. Mallett, Miyuki Fukushima, Patricia A. Stoddard Dare, Linda M. Quinn Jan 2012

Significant Race Differences In Factors Related To The Detention Recidivism Of Youthful Offenders, Christopher A. Mallett, Miyuki Fukushima, Patricia A. Stoddard Dare, Linda M. Quinn

Social Work Faculty Publications

A significant number of youthful offenders in the United States are held in juvenile court detention centers. Of broad concern is the disproportionate impact these placements have on minority youth, with African American and Hispanic youth much more frequently detained in these facilities compared to Caucasian youth. This U.S. study of a 2-county youthful offender population in the Midwest (1 urban, 1 rural) investigated racial differences in both extralegal (demographic, educational, mental health, and history of abuse or neglect) and court-related legal variables that predict detention placement upon recidivism—in other words, a second detention placement. Findings from logistic regression analysis …

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Students' Perception Of Application Of Confidentiality In Counselling Practices In Selected Secondary Schools In Rivers State, Nigeria, W.J. Ubulom, E.W. Ubulom, M.D. Eremie Jan 2012

Students' Perception Of Application Of Confidentiality In Counselling Practices In Selected Secondary Schools In Rivers State, Nigeria, W.J. Ubulom, E.W. Ubulom, M.D. Eremie

Contemporary Issues in Juvenile Justice

No abstract provided.

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Wikileaks And Realpolitik, Kevin F. Steinmetz Jan 2012

Wikileaks And Realpolitik, Kevin F. Steinmetz

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

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Editor’S Statement, David Polizzi Jan 2012

Editor’S Statement, David Polizzi

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

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Can One Paint Criminology?, Ronnie Lippens Jan 2012

Can One Paint Criminology?, Ronnie Lippens

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

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Integrating Assumptions About Crime, People, And Society The Author’S Response To The Commentary Of Toward A Unified Criminology, Robert Agnew Jan 2012

Integrating Assumptions About Crime, People, And Society The Author’S Response To The Commentary Of Toward A Unified Criminology, Robert Agnew

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

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Book Review: A Theory Of African American Offending: Race, Racism, And Crime, David Polizzi Jan 2012

Book Review: A Theory Of African American Offending: Race, Racism, And Crime, David Polizzi

Journal of Theoretical and Philosophical Criminology

No abstract provided.

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School Shootings: Is My School Safe?, Tony Durr Jan 2012

School Shootings: Is My School Safe?, Tony Durr

School of Education, Counseling and Human Development

In the part of rural Midwestern America there was recently a shooting at a school that ended in the death of an assistant principal and the suicide of a student. In short, a student who had recently transferred to Millard South High School in the State of Nebraska had troubles adjusting to his new school. The article reports, the student was suspended after he was caught driving his car on the school’s football field. Later in the day after his suspension, the student returned to the school and fatally shot an assistant principal and also wounded the principal. The student …

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The Phenomenology Of The Non-Sharing Environment Within The Law Enforcement Community After 9/11: An Empirical Investigation, Frank T. Whitehurst Jan 2012

The Phenomenology Of The Non-Sharing Environment Within The Law Enforcement Community After 9/11: An Empirical Investigation, Frank T. Whitehurst

Contemporary Issues in Juvenile Justice

No abstract provided.

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The Border Of Juveniles And Criminal Justice, Vicki Ann Mellenberger Jan 2012

The Border Of Juveniles And Criminal Justice, Vicki Ann Mellenberger

Contemporary Issues in Juvenile Justice

No abstract provided.

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