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The Qualitative Report

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Full-Text Articles in Quantitative, Qualitative, Comparative, and Historical Methodologies

Using Framework Analysis In Applied Qualitative Research, Laurie J. Goldsmith Jun 2021

Using Framework Analysis In Applied Qualitative Research, Laurie J. Goldsmith

The Qualitative Report

Framework analysis and applied qualitative research can be a perfect match, in large part because framework analysis was developed for the explicit purpose of analyzing qualitative data in applied policy research. Framework analysis is an inherently comparative form of thematic analysis which employs an organized structure of inductively- and deductively-derived themes (i.e., a framework) to conduct cross-sectional analysis using a combination of data description and abstraction. The overall objective of framework analysis is to identify, describe, and interpret key patterns within and across cases of and themes within the phenomenon of interest. This flexible and powerful method of analysis has …


Eleven Pitfalls In Qualitative Research: Some Perils Every Emerging Scholar And Doctoral Student Should Be Aware Of!, Izhar Oplatka Jun 2021

Eleven Pitfalls In Qualitative Research: Some Perils Every Emerging Scholar And Doctoral Student Should Be Aware Of!, Izhar Oplatka

The Qualitative Report

The current article analyzes potential pitfalls that each emergent researcher might face during the qualitative research process and illuminates adequate strategies to cope with them effectively. The author's personal and professional experience in supervising doctoral and MA students in their qualitative research and students' own reflections on the pitfalls they have faced are used as resources for this paper. Eleven pitfalls are depicted in this paper, divided into four phases in the research process, beginning from the preparatory phase in which the researcher plans the research program, through data collection and analysis, to the final phase of writing the research …


Aproximaciones Al Duelo Migratorio De Los Venezolanos Residentes En La Ciudad De Medellín, Colombia: Un Estudio Cualitativo, Katy L. Millán Otero Srita, Nicolasa M. Duran Palacio Dra, Liliana M. Castaño Cano Srita Jun 2021

Aproximaciones Al Duelo Migratorio De Los Venezolanos Residentes En La Ciudad De Medellín, Colombia: Un Estudio Cualitativo, Katy L. Millán Otero Srita, Nicolasa M. Duran Palacio Dra, Liliana M. Castaño Cano Srita

The Qualitative Report

El éxodo de los migrantes venezolanos a Colombia se ha convertido un tema presente en la agenda pública nacional e internacional. Esta investigación buscó aproximarse a la experiencia de los duelos migratorios de los venezolanos, específicamente el duelo a la familia y amigos, a la lengua, la cultura, la tierra, el estatus social, el contacto con el grupo étnico y los riesgos para la integridad física. Se enmarcó en el horizonte cualitativo de investigación, bajo el método fenomenológico hermenéutico. Los hallazgos develan que los migrantes presentaban una baja vulnerabilidad al momento de migrar, que, sumado a la cercanía geográfica entre …


The Phenomenological House: A Metaphoric Framework For Descriptive Phenomenological Psychological Design And Analysis, Katheryne T. Leigh-Osroosh Jun 2021

The Phenomenological House: A Metaphoric Framework For Descriptive Phenomenological Psychological Design And Analysis, Katheryne T. Leigh-Osroosh

The Qualitative Report

Descriptive phenomenology investigates the essence of how phenomena are consciously experienced (Giorgi, 2006, 2008, 2009, 2012; Moustakas, 1994; Vagle, 2018). Researchers wishing to conduct descriptive phenomenological studies may struggle to find answers to the complex questions that arise. Misunderstood concepts and practices may lead to philosophical conflict, ultimately threatening validity and rigor. This manuscript provides readers a metaphoric framework “the phenomenological house” to understand and analyze Giorgi’s phenomenological psychological conceptualization of essence as a universal structural description of how a phenomenon is lived. Ultimately, the phenomenological house provides a pathway for qualitative researchers to navigate descriptive phenomenology and contribute to …


Questioning Standards Of Evaluation In Educational Research: Do Educational Researchers Ventriloquize Learners’ Voices In L2 Education?, Anastasia A. Boldireff Jun 2021

Questioning Standards Of Evaluation In Educational Research: Do Educational Researchers Ventriloquize Learners’ Voices In L2 Education?, Anastasia A. Boldireff

The Qualitative Report

Learners are not stakeholders in their own education. Adhering to the quantitative gold standard in English as a Second Language (ESL) deprives the learner from having a voice in their learning process. This paper addresses voicelessness and ventriloquism in ESL, ventriloquism referring to the act of voicing the thoughts of another person, in this case the system overriding the learners’ experiences. This article addresses this problem, aligning itself with the Platinum standard while challenging the quantitative gold standard in ESL research. This paper offers resonance and semantic reliability as evaluative measures in educational research taken from literary criticism. The notion …


The Embodiment Of Discovery: An Adapted Framework For Qualitative Analysis Of Lived Experiences, Helen B. Hernandez, Laurie P. Dringus Jun 2021

The Embodiment Of Discovery: An Adapted Framework For Qualitative Analysis Of Lived Experiences, Helen B. Hernandez, Laurie P. Dringus

The Qualitative Report

We reflect on our process of working with an adapted framework as an effective strategy for analyzing and interpreting the results of our qualitative study on the lived experiences of insulin pump trainers. Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis (IPA) was applied as the overarching research methodology and was encapsulated into a framework adapted from Bonello and Meehan (2019) and from Chong (2019). We describe this framework as the “embodiment of discovery” to posit the researcher’s tangible experience of discovering the meaning of data that also brought transparency to the researcher’s process for data analysis and interpretation. We present challenges the doctoral student …


Comparing Girls’ And Boys’ Lived Bodies Of Middle School Students In Self-Defense Utilizing Participant Observation, Giovanna Follo Jun 2021

Comparing Girls’ And Boys’ Lived Bodies Of Middle School Students In Self-Defense Utilizing Participant Observation, Giovanna Follo

The Qualitative Report

The Frailty Myth proposes that the female body can be frozen, restricted by the ever present negative gendered narrative perpetuated by society. Embodiment occurs when the female body is thawed. The opposite can be argued for boys. Boys are taught to live their bodies, that is they have a sense of embodiment. Therefore, boys do not have to concern themselves with thawing their bodies as they already experience their bodies in strong and liberal ways. In this study, I compare how girls and boys live their bodies utilizing participant observation. Six themes emerged: being the instructor, gendered discourse in action, …


Giving A Listening Ear: Male Student Teachers’ Experiences And Perspectives Of Practicum Supervision, Keriffe R. Clark Jun 2021

Giving A Listening Ear: Male Student Teachers’ Experiences And Perspectives Of Practicum Supervision, Keriffe R. Clark

The Qualitative Report

Exploring the minute number of male teachers within the classroom is certainly not a new discourse as teaching has increasingly become a feminised profession. Therefore, as male student teachers take on the challenge of becoming teachers, it is imperative that we listen to them as they recount their supervision experiences. These experiences are significantly influenced and impacted by teacher educators and cooperating teachers who are tasked with the responsibility to provide high quality and effective supervision, especially during teaching practicum. Additionally, acknowledging that to attain positive outcomes attached to student teaching experiences, Hunt et al. (2015) have reasoned that teaching …


Key Finding: Result Of A Qualitative Study Of Judicial Perspectives On The Sentencing Of Minor Drug Offenders In Indonesia: Structural Inequality, Cecep Mustafa May 2021

Key Finding: Result Of A Qualitative Study Of Judicial Perspectives On The Sentencing Of Minor Drug Offenders In Indonesia: Structural Inequality, Cecep Mustafa

The Qualitative Report

Although there have been a number of recent developments in criminal justice research on the topic of structural inequality sentencing, much work is needed to explore the judicial perspective. Researchers use this paper illustrates how a recent study used qualitative semi-structure interviews to study current judicial perspectives on sentencing of minor drug offenders in Indonesia. This paper reports a recent study of judicial perspectives when sentencing minor drug offenders in Indonesia. Firstly, it reviews existing sentencing option and recent development that motivated me to explore the issues of justice among Indonesian Judges. Secondly, it reports the procedures and method used …


The Chimera: Multiple Selves, Conflicting Desires, And Fluctuating Power Relations In Qualitative Research, Su Jung Um May 2021

The Chimera: Multiple Selves, Conflicting Desires, And Fluctuating Power Relations In Qualitative Research, Su Jung Um

The Qualitative Report

In this article, I (re)constructed and (re)presented a dialogic inquiry among my chimeric selves engaged in a study which I conducted from 2013 to 2017 to examine teaching experiences of graduates from a social justice-oriented preservice program. I interrogated the roles of my different, disparate, and discontinuous selves in the research process – as a former teacher, a former instructor of my research participants, a researcher with particular academic and political opinions, and as a foreigner working toward a doctoral degree from/in a U.S. higher education institution. In this article, I demonstrated how my chimeric selves with conflicting desires and …


Rethinking The Policies For Nurturing Teacher Identity Development In Indonesia, Jarjani Usman, Teuku Zulfikar, Dorine Lugendo May 2021

Rethinking The Policies For Nurturing Teacher Identity Development In Indonesia, Jarjani Usman, Teuku Zulfikar, Dorine Lugendo

The Qualitative Report

This study explored supports given by in-service teachers to student-teachers for professional identity development in Indonesia. In this qualitative study, sixteen student teachers taking the course of Curriculum Development at an Islamic higher education institution in Aceh were grouped into six and assigned to six schools (primary to senior high) in two districts in Aceh, Indonesia, to communicate with classroom teachers regarding lesson plan and teaching materials. We also expected them to observe classroom practices if possible. In this way, student teachers gain real experiences on how the teachers develop their lesson plans and implement them in actual lessons, as …


Experimenting With Zmet: Issues And Adaptions, Tauheed Ahmad Ramjaun Dr May 2021

Experimenting With Zmet: Issues And Adaptions, Tauheed Ahmad Ramjaun Dr

The Qualitative Report

This paper is aimed at academic researchers considering the adoption of the Zaltman Metaphor Elicitation Technique (ZMET) as a qualitative data collection method. It is meant to warn about the practical difficulties and challenges that the inexperienced ZMET researcher might face on the field. It argues that while the use of ZMET can allow for a deeper exploration of issues with participants, there could be potential challenges and issues that a novice ZMET researcher could face. Several recommendations are provided on potential adaptions to the technique based on the author’s own experience.


Adapting Practices From Qualitative Research To Tell A Compelling Story: A Practical Framework For Conducting A Literature Review, Neringa Kalpokaite Dr., Ivana Radivojevic May 2021

Adapting Practices From Qualitative Research To Tell A Compelling Story: A Practical Framework For Conducting A Literature Review, Neringa Kalpokaite Dr., Ivana Radivojevic

The Qualitative Report

Despite the literature review being a common task for researchers, the actual process of conducting a quality literature review can easily be taken for granted. In effort to help qualitative researchers, this paper presents a practical framework for conducting a literature review that stems from qualitative research practices. As a literature review is essentially an analysis of rich textual information, qualitative research concepts, and skills can be creatively applied to the process of conducting a literature review. The present paper aims to share the fruits of qualitative analysis with researchers from all disciplines so that they may make sense of …


Malaysian Esl Teachers’ Beliefs And Practices Regarding The Use Of Music And Songs In Second Language Teaching, Daler Bokiev, Lilliati Ismail May 2021

Malaysian Esl Teachers’ Beliefs And Practices Regarding The Use Of Music And Songs In Second Language Teaching, Daler Bokiev, Lilliati Ismail

The Qualitative Report

Regardless of numerous studies supporting the effectiveness of utilizing music and songs in second language teaching, there is a remarkably limited amount of research investigating how music and songs are actually used by language teachers and the beliefs underpinning their practices, particularly in the Malaysian educational context. This qualitative study explored Malaysian ESL teachers’ beliefs and practices with regard to the use of music and songs in language instruction at different levels of education as well as factors influencing their instructional practices. The research participants consisted of five primary-level, five secondary-level and five tertiary-level ESL teachers working at public and …


Qualitative Research Methods For The Exploration Of Coworking Environments, Marko Orel Phd, Manuel Mayerhoffer May 2021

Qualitative Research Methods For The Exploration Of Coworking Environments, Marko Orel Phd, Manuel Mayerhoffer

The Qualitative Report

Coworking is a flexible workspace arrangement that is characterized by the sharing of resources, socializing between peers, collaborating on mutual projects, and co-crafting a community of work. As a result of the benefits coworkers draw from their experience, the coworking model has grown significantly over the past years, which has also led to increasing attention by scholars. When researching the contemporary workplace's evolving nature, a qualitative approach enables scholars to observe, record, and capture the changing attitudes concerning a given subject. Similarly, field researchers have applied qualitative methods with gradually increasing rigor and complexity. To further enhance future studies, the …


Reflexivity Through A Yoga Class Experience: Preparing For My Health Promotion Without Borders Excursion To Mongolia, Shelby L. Deibert, Stephen D. Ritchie, Bruce Oddson, Ginette Michel, Emily J. Tetzlaff May 2021

Reflexivity Through A Yoga Class Experience: Preparing For My Health Promotion Without Borders Excursion To Mongolia, Shelby L. Deibert, Stephen D. Ritchie, Bruce Oddson, Ginette Michel, Emily J. Tetzlaff

The Qualitative Report

In this paper, I (S. L. Deibert) share my story of discovering the relationship between reflexivity, autoethnography, and yoga through a meaningful experience. Yoga has been an important influence on my physical and mental well-being for over a decade, but I did not consider its implications in my academic life until I was asked to write a reflexive assignment for a course. The task was exploring who I am in connection to my master’s thesis project; the challenge was finding a starting point for my reflexive journey of self-discovery. Frustrated by the latter, I turned to yoga for refuge; instead …


Working Together? A Situational Analysis Of Combining Prevention Efforts Targeting Obesity And Eating Disorders In Schools, Alana Ireland, Shelly Russell-Mayhew May 2021

Working Together? A Situational Analysis Of Combining Prevention Efforts Targeting Obesity And Eating Disorders In Schools, Alana Ireland, Shelly Russell-Mayhew

The Qualitative Report

The serious consequences and difficulties with treatment of obesity and eating disorders have prompted many to suggest focusing on prevention. Although most often considered distinct conditions with competing needs, some have advocated for an integrated approach to the prevention of a spectrum of weight-related issues including obesity and eating disorders. Despite a strong rationale for focusing prevention on the spectrum of weight-related issues, tensions exist with regard to whether this is feasible or best practice. The current study used situational analysis to explore the tensions associated with the broader situation of preventing weight-related issues in schools. Semi-structed interviews and document …


A Mixed-Methods Investigation Of Tefl Graduate Students’ Perspectives Of Qualitative Research: Challenges And Solutions In The Spotlight, Hassan Soodmand Afshar, Fatemeh Hafez May 2021

A Mixed-Methods Investigation Of Tefl Graduate Students’ Perspectives Of Qualitative Research: Challenges And Solutions In The Spotlight, Hassan Soodmand Afshar, Fatemeh Hafez

The Qualitative Report

This study explored the challenges of conducting qualitative research encountered by Iranian Teaching English as a Foreign Language (TEFL) graduate students and their solutions for them. To delve into the issue, 20 TEFL graduate students who had passed a research methodology course were selected based on their availability from among the participants of the study who were selected based on purposive sampling from various universities. The participants thus selected sat a semi-structured interview based on the results of which, a researcher-made five-point Likert-scale questionnaire was developed and validated. Next, one hundred TEFL graduate students who had passed the research methodology …


Perceived Stigma Among Family Members Of Persons Suffering From Mental Illness: A Narrative Exploration From West Bengal, India, Bidisha Banerjee, Shikha Dixit Apr 2021

Perceived Stigma Among Family Members Of Persons Suffering From Mental Illness: A Narrative Exploration From West Bengal, India, Bidisha Banerjee, Shikha Dixit

The Qualitative Report

In this paper, we report the findings of a qualitative study that, aims to understand the family members’ subjective experiences with perceived stigma of mental illness. The theoretical standpoint and the research method for the study employed are social constructivist theory and narrative inquiry respectively. We conducted semi-structured and in-depth interviews with family members and others accompanying patients to an outpatient unit of a psychiatric clinic. The professionals and the administrative staff at the clinic gave additional interviews. The constant comparative method was employed for the analysis of the narratives. The findings suggest the existence of perceived and direct stigma …


A Phenomenological Study Of The Language Ideology, Language Management, And Language Practice In English-Medium Universities In Bangladesh: Lecturers’ And Students’ Voices, John Paul Shimanto Sarkar, Abdul Karim, Muhammad Kamarul Kabilan, Shahin Sultana Apr 2021

A Phenomenological Study Of The Language Ideology, Language Management, And Language Practice In English-Medium Universities In Bangladesh: Lecturers’ And Students’ Voices, John Paul Shimanto Sarkar, Abdul Karim, Muhammad Kamarul Kabilan, Shahin Sultana

The Qualitative Report

English Medium Instruction (EMI) is a commonly observed phenomenon in higher education (HE) in the countries where English is mandated as a second or foreign language. The globally conducted studies reported the prospect, practice, problems, and eventualities of EMI in HE. Numbering around 105, private universities in Bangladesh also adopted EMI. Being guided by Cooper (1989) and Spolsky (2009), this phenomenological study explored the language ideology of lecturers and students regarding the benefits of EMI, their remarks about the language management to achieve compatibility for adopting EMI, and their opinion concerning the implementation (language practice) of EMI in the classrooms …


Remembering Postpartum Depression In Later Life: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, Walker Ladd Phd Apr 2021

Remembering Postpartum Depression In Later Life: An Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, Walker Ladd Phd

The Qualitative Report

Postpartum depression (PPD) occurs in as many as 1 in 7 women (Gavin et al., 2005). PPD remains underdiagnosed and largely untreated, contributing to high societal costs and increased maternal mortality. Despite the wealth of research reporting the adverse effects of PPD on childbearing women and their offspring, little is known about how women who have experienced PPD describe or interpret the meaning of the experience in later life. I conducted semi-structured interviews with a purposive sample of 10 women self-identifying as having had PPD a minimum of 13 years in the past. Using interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) I identified …


Data Collection In The Field: Lessons From Two Case Studies Conducted In Belize, Rico Kongsager Apr 2021

Data Collection In The Field: Lessons From Two Case Studies Conducted In Belize, Rico Kongsager

The Qualitative Report

There is a vast load of literature concerning how data collection can be conducted. This literature provides guidelines and recommendations on how data collection might be done, however, only a very limited part of this literature describes in detail how data actually are collected in the field. This paper is intended to be an example, where the methodology is explained in detail to assist and inspire other researchers, on their way to conduct interesting and important research. The data collection and fieldwork described in this paper were conducted to complete two case studies in Belize, Central America. The core of …


Helpless Mothers Dropping Out Of The Workplace: The Italian Case Of Voluntary Resignation, Valentina Manna, Fortuna Procentese, Immacolata Di Napoli, Caterina Arcidiacono Apr 2021

Helpless Mothers Dropping Out Of The Workplace: The Italian Case Of Voluntary Resignation, Valentina Manna, Fortuna Procentese, Immacolata Di Napoli, Caterina Arcidiacono

The Qualitative Report

In the Italian social context difficulties in remaining in the labor market characterizes working mothers, leading them sometimes to resign from their jobs. The aim of this research is to explore narratives of those women dropping out of the workforce during pregnancy and soon after childbirth and their experiences in these circumstances. The study analysed 30 interviews with working mothers with an average age of 35.4 years, living in Naples, Italy, who “spontaneously” left their jobs. Grounded Theory Methodology allowed a deeper understanding of these women’s thoughts, feelings, and experiences. The content of the interviews was categorized into 4 macro-areas: …


Over-Complexifying Social Reality: A Critical Exploration Of Systematicity And Rigidification In Ethnographic Practice And Writing, Anson Au Apr 2021

Over-Complexifying Social Reality: A Critical Exploration Of Systematicity And Rigidification In Ethnographic Practice And Writing, Anson Au

The Qualitative Report

Qualitative methodological development has produced canonical tendencies that over-complexify and fix a fluid and lived social world. Meanwhile, critical theory has produced critiques on methodology but without enough attention to the qualitative tradition. I bridge these gaps by using an Adornoian position to interrogate the concepts of systematicity, rigidification, complexification, and their problems in ethnographic research and qualitative methodology. I conduct an urban ethnography and autoethnography of the metropolitan blasé as a public attitude of indifference to articulate an alternative, quotidian approach to ethnography that better captures social embeddedness, meaning-creation, and how contexts should drive data collection, analysis, and method-selection.


Distinctions And Something Between: An Inspection Of Eviatar Zerubavel’S Concept Driven Sociology, Krzysztof T. Konecki Apr 2021

Distinctions And Something Between: An Inspection Of Eviatar Zerubavel’S Concept Driven Sociology, Krzysztof T. Konecki

The Qualitative Report

The paper presents short summaries and analyses of two books by Eviatar Zerubavel (2018a; 2020) that are demonstrations of his approach to cognitive sociology. The first book (2018a) shows examples of the analysis in Zerubavelian cognitive sociology, and the second one is a methodological and theoretical elaboration of his approach described in formal terms. We analyze the approach presented at the end of the paper, showing that the analysis of distinctions and perceptive categories is essential in Zerubavel analysis. Still, there is an unclear dimension (in between) included in the contexts of perception, lived experiences, and perception of …


“Research For A Change”: A Book Review Of Norma R. A. Romm’S Responsible Research Practice: Revisiting Transformative Paradigm In Social Research, Daniel P. Wulff Apr 2021

“Research For A Change”: A Book Review Of Norma R. A. Romm’S Responsible Research Practice: Revisiting Transformative Paradigm In Social Research, Daniel P. Wulff

The Qualitative Report

In the book, Responsible Research Practice, the author, Norma Romm, makes the case for actively incorporating social justice initiatives within social research of any kind. Through numerous examples from around the world, using various research traditions, practices, and disciplines, she demonstrates how ethical practices can be implemented in research projects so participants are better off for having participated in the studies. This richly referenced book of research examples and supportive theoretical perspectives pushes the notion of ethical practice into a new gear. Readers of this book will be inspired and energized to see the realistic potential of active social research …


Prisoners’ Perspectives On Limited Rehabilitative Program Opportunities, Kerry Edwards Phd Apr 2021

Prisoners’ Perspectives On Limited Rehabilitative Program Opportunities, Kerry Edwards Phd

The Qualitative Report

Approximately 1.5 million persons are incarcerated in American prisons (Carson, 2020), and the rate at which persons who have been incarcerated reoffend (recidivism) is high (Alper et al., 2018, p. 1). This has propelled the effort to help offenders change their trajectory. Rehabilitative programs are used to help prisoners gain skills and strengths necessary to succeed in the community after their release. Yet, these high recidivism rates persist. Why do some prisoners not benefit from these programs? Although many researchers have studied the efficacy of programs over the past six decades, less attention has been directed towards access to prison …


English As A Foreign Language Teachers’ Motivation: An Activity Theory Perspective, Teymour Rahmati, Karim Sadeghi Mar 2021

English As A Foreign Language Teachers’ Motivation: An Activity Theory Perspective, Teymour Rahmati, Karim Sadeghi

The Qualitative Report

Drawing upon Activity Theory, this mixed-methods study explored L2 teachers’ (de)motivation factors, motivation change, and voice in adopting strategies that could motivate L2 teachers. Semi-structured interviews, a motivational timeline diagram, and a researcher-developed scale were used to collect data from 226 in-service L2 teachers. The interview data collected from 15 participants were analyzed through open, axial, and selective coding using MAXQDA Analytics Pro version 12.3. Individual participants’ motivational timelines were also carried over into a collective diagram to illustrate motivational trajectories. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the quantitative data collected from 211 teachers. The findings identified a number of …


Becoming Holistic Teachers And Learners: A Review Of Teaching Qualitative Research: Strategies For Engaging Emerging Scholars, Viviane Klen-Alves Mar 2021

Becoming Holistic Teachers And Learners: A Review Of Teaching Qualitative Research: Strategies For Engaging Emerging Scholars, Viviane Klen-Alves

The Qualitative Report

In this review I offer an alternative perspective on the book Teaching Qualitative Research: Strategies for Engaging Emerging Scholars by emphasizing how the authors propose a holistic approach to learning qualitative research. Departing from the point of view of an emerging scholar, this piece was written as I was transitioning from a doctoral program to the professional world, learning with the authors what it is to teach qualitative research methods while being socialized as a scholar in the doing of qualitative research.


Designed Generalization From Qualitative Research, Ian H. Falk, John Guenther Mar 2021

Designed Generalization From Qualitative Research, Ian H. Falk, John Guenther

The Qualitative Report

In our earlier work on generalizing from qualitative research (GQR) we identified our two-decade struggle to have qualitative research outcomes formally “listened to” by policy personnel and bureaucratic systems in general, with mixed success. The policy sector often seems reluctant to acknowledge that qualitative research findings can be generalized, so impacts tend to be informal or simply ignored. The “official” methodological literature on generalizing from qualitative research is epitomized by Lincoln and Guba’s (1985) still oft quoted, “The only generalization is: there is no generalization” (p. 110). We now understand there are many alternative possibilities for generalizing. In this paper …