Medicine and Health Commons^™

The Availability And The Use Of Basic Services In Relation To The Nutritional Status, Acute Diarrhetic Diseases And Acute Respiratory Infections In Children Under Five Years Of Age In Three Rural Communities Of The Imbabura Province During The 1998-1999 Period, Margarita Caicedo Ceron

Theses and Dissertations

To a large degree, the political and economic conditions of third world countries influence poverty levels, especially in rural areas. This poverty affects the availability of basic services, such as potable water, refuse elimination, housing, and sewage systems. As a consequence of these deficiencies, more diseases are transmitted through the water and environment. These diseases include acute diarrhea and acute respiratory infections in children younger than five years of age. Consequently, it is important to have available water and sewage elimination to control these diseases among children and the general population.

The Sun Always Comes Out After It Rains: Exploring The Experience Of Aids Caregivers (Immune Deficiency), Susan Cadell

Theses and Dissertations (Comprehensive)

This research was designed to explore the growth of people who have cared for or about someone who has died of Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)-related illnesses or complications related to Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) disease. It consists of a cross-sectional study of 176 bereaved caregivers of people with HIV disease, some of whom themselves are HIV-positive. Measures were selected to assess demographics, creativity, spirituality/religiosity, social support, depression, traumatic symptomatology and posttraumatic growth. A research model is tested which examines the relationship of psychosocial resources and stressors to the post-traumatic growth of the bereaved participants. In addition, seven caregivers participated …

Relation Between Internal Parasites With Basic Services And The Nutritional Status Of Children Five Years Of Age In The Indigenous, Black And Mestizo Communities Of The Rural Area, Imbabura Province, R. Patricio Paguay Ruiz

Theses and Dissertations

Various studies have been done to determine the prevalence of anemia in our country, but these studies don't reflect the true magnitude of this sickness, considered in Ecuador a problem of public health since these investigations correspond to urban sectors and margins and not to rural places where the care is very deficient and in certain cases useless, mainly because of the difficult access and the lack of economic resources of the government institutions. The current work was realized in coordination with the school of Nutrition and Dietetics and with the help of the Benson Agriculture and Food Institute was …

Patient Preference For The Management Of Mildly Abnormal Papanicolau Smears, Marta Meana, Donna E. Stewart, Gordon M. Lickrish, Joan Murphy, Barry Rosen

Psychology Faculty Research

The article provides information on a study that investigated management preference and desire for decision-making involvement in women who have received a first mildly abnormal Papanicolaou smear. The majority of women in this highly educated sample preferred active management of their mildly abnormal Pap smears, although a substantial minority either opted for the surveillance strategy or reported no strong preference. Furthermore, management preference in this sample was not related to knowledge but rather to level of state anxiety. This indicates that these decisions may be guided more by emotions than by facts. Research has shown repeatedly that abnormal Pap smears …

Cultural Impact On The Perception Of Family Planning, Dalia Moustafa Ramadan

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Nutritional And Health Behavior Of The Indigenous Pregnant Women In The Community Of Tunshi-San Nicolas, Chimborazo Province, Sandra Ordonez Gavilanez

Theses and Dissertations

The nutritional food situation in our country is alarming, by what has been classified as a major public health problem, their principle manifestation is the protein malnutrition- energy, with a high prevalence in urban zones- marginal and rural population. It is considered that the main causes that originate on one hand are still deteriorating at a level of income in the popular sectors with the consequent impossibility of access to basic services such as housing, education, stable jobs, health services (drinking water, sewage, etc.) appropriate food regimes, greatly affecting those vulnerable groups such as children and women in fertile years. …

Improving Quality Of Care In India's Family Welfare Programme: The Challenge Ahead, Michael A. Koenig, M.E. Khan

Reproductive Health

This book on family planning in India includes detailed empirical data and analysis of the various dimensions of quality of care in different regions of the country. Focus areas include: women’s perceptions of the care they receive; observations of provider-client interactions; barriers to quality of service delivery; existing interregional variations; contraceptive choice and interpersonal relations; technical quality of care; and the effect of the target system on the work style of outreach staff. All elements of the quality-of-care framework elaborated by Judith Bruce are well documented and their relationships to broader program constraints are clearly identified. The overall impression one …

Investigación Operativa En Planificación Familiar: Lecturas Selectas, James R. Foreit, Tomas Frejka

Reproductive Health

Desde que existen los programas de planificación familiar existe la investigación sobre este tema. En el nivel teórico, los investigadores examinan el efecto de la fertilidad sobre la salud y el desarrollo socioeconómico y estudian los determinantes de la fecundidad para los individuos y la poblaciones. En el nivel de las políticas, los estudios exploran el papel que juegan los programas de planificación familiar en la modificación de la fecundidad y la salud. El desarrollo de nuevos anticonceptivos se acompaña de pruebas clínicas y pre-introductorias en el contexto de los programas. Se llevan a cabo encuestas para medir los cambios …

L'Approche De L'Analyse Situationnelle Pour L'Évaluation Des Services De Planification Familiale Et De Santé De La Reproduction: Manuel De Recherche, Robert A. Miller, Andrew A. Fisher, Kate Miller, Lewis Ndhlovu, Baker Ndugga Maggwa, Ian Askew, Diouratie Sanogo, Placide Tapsoba

Reproductive Health

Une bonne prestation de services de planification familiale mettant l'accent à la fois sur l'accès et la qualité est la clé des objectifs interdépendants de satisfaction des besoins individuels et la réalisation du succès programmatique. L'analyse de situation (AS) fournit un lien nécessaire entre le responsable de programme et la cliente qu'il essaie de servir. Les données recueillies par l’AS offrent une image représentative du fonctionnement des composantes et permettent de «voir» l'expérience de la cliente. Les analyses situationnelles aident le responsable de programme à atteindre le plus grand but en termes de gestion—celui d’une administration efficace d'un service de …

General Diagnosis And Services Developed In The Corral De Piedra Village, San Juan Ermita, Chiquimula, Servin Ardany Flores Galdámez

Theses and Dissertations

The Corral de Piedra community is located in Chiquimula, Guatemala. The main agricultural activities are corn and bean production, small-scale gardens, and small animal production, such as poultry and pigs. The crop areas are predominantly located on lands with slopes between 12 and 55%, presenting low fertility conditions and poor moisture retention capabilities. In addition, local crop varieties have low productivity potentials and the winter season is characterized by poorly distributed and erratic periods of rain. The Benson Institute introduced a technology transfer model to increase and diversify agricultural production, while preserving current natural resources. An integral part of this …

The Meeting Of Pain And Depression: Comorbidity In Women, Marta Meana

Psychology Faculty Research

The higher prevalence of depression in women is coupled with a higher prevalence of pain complaints. Growing evidence suggests that the comorbidity of these conditions is also proportionately higher in women than men. This paper critically reviews the empirical findings relating to gender differences in comorbid pain and depression as well as findings in support of hypothesized etiologic factors that could explain why women may be more susceptible than men to comorbidity. The empirical evidence for biogenic, psychogenic, and sociogenic explanatory models is presented, and an integration of these models is proposed as a guideline to both research and clinical …

Cardiac Rehabilitation: Gender Differences In Factors Influencing Participation, Lani Lieberman, Marta Meana, Donna E. Stewart

Psychology Faculty Research

This study investigates gender differences in the barriers and incentives that are most influential in the coronary patient's decision to participate in cardiac rehabilitation (CRPs) and suggests strategies to counter these barriers. Patient surveys were administered to consecutive English-speaking attenders and referred nonattenders to a cardiac rehabilitation center at a university healthcare system in Toronto, Canada. A survey questionnaire, constructed from a literature review and advice from key informants, examined potential factors affecting decisions to engage in CRPs. One129 attenders at a CRP and 61 referred nonattenders completed the questionnaire. Physician recommendation was reported to be the most important factor …

Fatalism Reconceptualized: A Concept To Predict Health Screening Behavior, Paulin Tay Straughan, Adeline Seow

Research Collection School of Social Sciences

Social norms governing health seeking behavior affect perceived self-efficacy which in turn determines if self-directed change is sustained. Using this argument, we contextualized the link between social background and preventive health behavior. We argued that fatalism influenced self-efficacy, which in turn affected acceptability of four screen tests: mammography, clinical breast examination, breast self-examination, and the Pap Smear Test. A seven-item index was developed to measure fatalism. From data obtained through a community survey of women between 50 to 65 years, the index was validated. Logistic regression was conducted to verify the empirical link between fatalism and the four screen tests. …

Affect And Marital Adjustment In Women’S Rating Of Dyspareunic Pain, Marta Meana, Irv Binik, Sainir Khalife, Deborah Cohen

Psychology Faculty Research

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the extent to which depressive symptomatology, anxiety, and marital adjustment mediate pain ratings in women suffering from dyspareunia.

METHOD: Seventy-six women with dyspareunia were administered the depression and anxiety scales of Derogatis's Brief Symptom Inventory and the McGill Pain Questionnaire. They also underwent a manual-visual gynecological examination, an ultrasound, and a colposcopy in an attempt to identify potential evidence and type of organicity.

RESULTS: Depressive symptomatology, anxiety, and marital adjustment together accounted for a significant amount of the variance in pain ratings, although only anxiety and marital adjustment were independent predictors of pain ratings in the entire …

Health And Development: A Health Care Model For Ein Helwan Community, Rabab El-Mahdi

Archived Theses and Dissertations

No abstract provided.

Family Planning To Reproduction Health, Women To Gender: Small Steps In A Circle, Hania Sholkamy

Faculty Book Chapters

The second of two issues, this volume covers aspects of Egyptian society. Contributors include: Donald Cole, Soraya Altorki, Asef Bayat, Eric Denis, Enid Hill, Ziad Bahaeddin, Malak Rouchdy, Linda Herrera, Jim Napoli, Hussein Amin, Mahmoud al-Lozy, Cynthia Nelson, and Shahnaz Rouse.

Manuel De Recherche Opérationnelle En Matière De Planification Familiale, Andrew A. Fisher, John E. Laing, John E. Stoeckel, John Townsend

Reproductive Health

Le Manuel de recherche opérationnelle en matière de planification familiale, publié pour la première fois en anglais par le Population Council en 1984, se basait sur des projets de recherche en Asie. Cette seconde édition contient des sections révisées et développées. Le cas échéant, des exemples d'Amérique latine et d'Afrique ont été ajoutés. Le chapitre d'introduction comprend une exposé actualisé sur le processus de la recherche opérationnelle (RO) en matière de santé et planification familiale. De nouveaux chapitres concernent le choix du type d’intervention à tester dans une étude RO ainsi que les principaux éléments constituant un programme d'intervention. Le …

La Familia En La Mira: Nuevas Perspectivas Sobre Madres, Padres E Hijos, Judith Bruce, Cynthia B. Lloyd, Ann Leonard, Patrice L. Engle, Niev Duffy

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

A pesar de la retórica de los últimos años que lamenta la pérdida de la "familia tradicional," las familias jamás se han podido encajonar en modelo único. "Familia" puede referirse a la gente que se ha vinculado entre sí por matrimonio o parentesco, o a los que pretenden descender de antecesores comunes. Las personas pueden formar y extender familias, ya sea mediante la adoptación o crianza de niños, o definiendo como familiares a gente no emparentada o mediante el establecimiento de sociedades consensuales. Las familias son tan adaptables como diversas, pues se reconfiguran a sí mismas en el transcurso de …

The Uncharted Passage: Girls' Adolescence In The Developing World, Barbara Mensch, Judith Bruce, Margaret E. Greene

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Adolescence is a formative time of transition to adulthood. What happens between the ages of 10 and 19 shapes how girls and boys live out their lives as women and men—not only in the reproductive arena, but in the social and economic realm as well. Yet, despite its impact on human development, adolescence has been sidelined as a research and policy subject in developing countries. While all adolescents deserve our attention, the needs of adolescent girls in the developing world are particularly pressing. This monograph focuses on these girls, presenting statistics to examine the social and economic context of their …

Euthanasia : Dignity In Death, Dignity In Life : A Qualitative Approach Utilizing Karl Marx's Concepts Of Alienation, Reification, And Commodification In Contemporary Society, Bryan R. Williamson

Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

This research endeavor investigates the social condition of euthanasia, or physician assisted suicide. Viewed from the perspective of Karl Marx's conceptual framework of alienation, the external influences from society's institutions and from the perspective of the individual are used towards the goal of understanding the need for continued debate concerning individuals and their quest for a dignified death A core concept has been to accent a person's right to choose death when faced with terminal illness. Throughout the study a main objective has been to offer insight into the alienating influences large social structures exert upon individuals, and the manner …

Family Planning Operations Research: A Book Of Readings, James R. Foreit, Tomas Frejka

Reproductive Health

For as long as there have been family planning programs, there has been family planning research. At the theoretical level, researchers examine the effect of fertility on health and socioeconomic development and study the determinants of fertility for individuals and populations. At the policy level, studies explore the role of family planning programs in modifying fertility and health. The development of new contraceptives is accompanied by clinical and pre-introductory trials in program settings. Surveys measure changes in contraceptive use and fertility, and the results are used to make decisions affecting programs. Finally, programs themselves carry out operations research (OR) to …

Do Population Policies Matter? Fertility And Politics In Egypt, India, Kenya, And Mexico, Anrudh K. Jain

Reproductive Health

How are effective population policies articulated and implemented? Have international agencies played a strong role in prompting developing-country governments to adopt and implement strong population policies? How has the international debate influenced deliberations on population issues in developing countries? The impetus for the four country studies presented in this book was provided by a desire to better understand some of these issues within specific contexts. Egypt, India, Kenya, and Mexico were selected because of their demographic weight, a long history of population policies and programs, and evidence of fertility decline. The four country studies examine the influence of many forces …

The Relation Between The Nutritional Status And The Acute Respiratory Infections In Children Younger Than Five Years Of Age In The Indigenous, Black, And Mestizo Ethnic Groups Of The Rural Area In The Imbabura Province, 1998-1999, Sandra Chiles

Theses and Dissertations

The problems of social-economics, culture, politics, and health, among those, are factors that influence both directly and indirectly the style of life of hundreds of thousands of people, due to the lack of economic resources, unemployment, poverty, their own culture can lead to a more serious state of health, consequently causing problems of their nutritional state, such as obesity in its varying degrees of malnutrition, in addition to the presence of preventable illnesses such as acute respiratory disease (IRA), that seriously affect the infant population. Factors, consequences, everything becomes one vicious circle that can be broken thereby preventing more deaths …

Conceptualizing The Impact Of Health Care Crimes On The Poor, Brian K. Payne

Sociology & Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

Past research shows that a small percentage of health care employees commit an assortment of criminal acts while on the job. Missing from previous research, however, is an examination of the effects such acts have on the poor (i.e. the victims). This paper fills this void by considering the effects of three broadly defined health care crimes: Medicaid fraud, elder abuse, and prescription fraud. In addition to the direct victimization experiences of those served by me health care system, the physical, economic, and time losses are also considered. Implications for future research and policy are provided.

The Relationship Between The Intensity And Duration Of Extracurricular Activities And Teenage Pregnancy, Rhonda L. Drilling

Dissertations and Theses @ UNI

Extensive research has been done in the area of adolescent pregnancy prevention. One possible means of prevention that has not been adequately explored is involvement in extracurricular school activities. The purpose of this study was to determine if a relationship existed between the intensity and duration of participation in extracurricular school activities and the incidence of teenage pregnancy. In the study, 200 female high school students who had never been pregnant and 36 females who had become pregnant as teenagers were surveyed. All females were from Fayette County, Iowa. A 33-item questionnaire was used to survey the two groups regarding …

Aspect Of Aging: A Focus On Elder Substance Abuse And Home Detoxification, Hugh Everman

Morehead State Theses and Dissertations

An applied project submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Education Specialist at Morehead State University by Hugh Everman on July 31 1997.

Changes In Network Characteristics And Hiv Risk Behavior Among Injection Drug Users, John P. Hoffmann, S. Susan Su, Alfred Pach

Faculty Publications

Studies indicate that HIV risk behaviors vary greatly among injection drug users (IDUs). The source of such variation is often ascribed to individual differences, but much of it is due to how IDUs are grouped into social networks. Nevertheless, given the turbulent and uncertain lives led by many IDUs, it would not be surprising if their social networks changed substantially over time. We used data from a study of the social networks of IDUs in Chicago and Washington, DC, to examine changes in individual behavior and network characteristics over time. The results indicated few changes in standard network measures, such …

The Effect Of Home Environment On Adolescent Substance Use And Depressive Symptoms, S. Susan Su, John P. Hoffmann, Dean R. Gerstein, Robert A. Johnson

Faculty Publications

We used data from the screening phase and first two waves of a panel study to compare the home environments of families with a substance-abusing parent, families with a depressed parent, and families in a comparison group. We diagnosed substance use disorder and affective disorder by administering the Structural Clinical Interview for the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (third edition, revised) to each participating parent. The data suggest that families in which parents display a substance use disorder are very similar to those in which parents suffer from affective disorder, in terms of negative life events and lower …

The Challenge Of Adolescent Health: Views From Catholic Social Teaching And The Social And Medical Sciences, Brenda Wixson Donnelly, Dennis M. Doyle, Una M. Cadegan, Teresa L. Thompson, Patricia Voydanoff, Joan Mcguinness Wagner

History Faculty Publications

This book provides a multidisciplinary examination of the complex social issues surrounding adolescent health and health care delivery. It draws specifically on the resources of Catholic social teaching, presents an overview of the medical problems common among young people, and explores the social and familial contexts in which these problems arise. It provides a framework within which to view the conditions limiting the health and well-being of adolescents and to understand the resultant deterioration of the physical and mental health of adolescents in this country.

The insights gained from Catholic moral teaching are included with those of social science and …

Determination Of The Presence Of Antibiotics And Bacterial Pathogens With Their Susceptibility In Fresh Milk From The San Nicolas Community And The Cities Of Penipe, Guano, And Chambo In The Chimborazo Province, Lupe Marín

Theses and Dissertations

This study is entitled, “determination of the presence of antibiotics and bacterial pathogens with their susceptibility in fresh milk from the San Nicolas community and the cities of Penipe, Guano, and Chambo in the Chimborazo province”. It was funded by the Benson Institute of Brigham Young University and Nestle. The objectives were: 1) to determine the presence of antibiotics in fresh milk from the San Nicolas community and the cities of Penipe, Guano, and Chambo, 2) to determine the presence of bacterial pathogens in milk from the places previously mentioned, and 3) to detect the susceptibility of the isolated bacteria …