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Articles 91 - 113 of 113
Full-Text Articles in Criminology
Adolescent Dating Experience And Delinquency, Ryang Hui Kim
Adolescent Dating Experience And Delinquency, Ryang Hui Kim
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The research literature on adolescent development has discussed adolescent dating in relation to behavioral changes. However, very little discussion has been devoted to theoretical explanations of the intricacies involved in the relationship between the adolescent dating experience and the development of delinquent behavior. Consequently, there seems to be a lack of understanding as to how dating activities in adolescence influence delinquency, aside from a general consensus that adolescent dating tends to be related to deviant behavior.
The Impact Of Exposure To Domestic Violence On Developmental Trajectories Of Depressive Symptoms And Antisocial Behavior Across The Transition To Adulthood, Aely Park
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Principal Aims:
Darwin's Other Idea : Sexual Selection, Gender And Violence, Robert Samuel Moschgat
Darwin's Other Idea : Sexual Selection, Gender And Violence, Robert Samuel Moschgat
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation provides an empirical exploration of Darwin's theory of sexual selection, which views the male propensity to engage in short term mating strategies--sexual promiscuity and violence--as the result of sexual selection. Within an environmental context, biological father and mother household presence are expected to inhibit the initiation of short-term mating strategies and increase parental investment--paternal and maternal attachments, supervision, and protection. Whereas, structural disadvantage--living in poverty and in dangerous neighborhoods--is predicted to increase the initiation of a short-term mating strategies and compromise the parents' ability to protect their children and by weakening paternal and maternal attachments, thereby increasing the …
Residence Restriction Legislation, Sex Crime Rates, And The Spatial Distribution Of Sex Offender Residences, Kelly M. Socia
Residence Restriction Legislation, Sex Crime Rates, And The Spatial Distribution Of Sex Offender Residences, Kelly M. Socia
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Residence restrictions are one of the most recent, and most controversial, public policies seeking to protect community members from registered sex offenders (RSOs) reentering society following incarceration. Residence restriction policies prohibit RSOs from living within a given distance of certain places where children might gather (e.g., schools, daycares, parks, and playgrounds). In doing so, the expectation is that RSOs will have a harder time finding and approaching young children whom they can sexually assault, thus driving sexual recidivism rates down. These policies, first passed in 1995 at the state level and in 2005 at the county and local level, have …
Advice To Rape Victims : The Influence Of Beliefs About Rape And Opinions About Formal Support Providers, Yumi Suzuki
Advice To Rape Victims : The Influence Of Beliefs About Rape And Opinions About Formal Support Providers, Yumi Suzuki
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Despite the abundance of literature discussing rape, only a few studies examined others' influence on rape victims' decisions to seek further help as a remedy for recovering from violent victimizations. These studies showed that the majority of rape victims consulted friends or relatives and that rape victims in fact took this advice for their next action. However, there is a gap in our knowledge about the type and the frequency of advice given to rape victims. In order to add to the existing knowledge, this study examined the factors influencing friends' advice to (1) contact criminal justice professionals, (2) contact …
Carrying Weapons For Protection In The Workplace : Findings From The National Crime Victimization Survey, Workplace Risk Supplement, Matthew David Fetzer
Carrying Weapons For Protection In The Workplace : Findings From The National Crime Victimization Survey, Workplace Risk Supplement, Matthew David Fetzer
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Decisions to carry weapons for protection in the workplace were examined in regard to relationships with collective security, routine work activities, fear and victimization. Using data from the National Crime Victimization Survey, logistic regression models were estimated on predictors of carrying firearms, knives, and pepper spray by workers in the US labor force. Results indicated that collective security, routine work activities, and prior victimization, and perceptions of risk had significant effects on decisions to carry weapons for protection. Gender-specific models were also estimated in order to determine how these factors differed for men and women. Men and women differed on …
Unstoppable? : A Closer Look At Terrorism Displacement, Henda Yao Hsu
Unstoppable? : A Closer Look At Terrorism Displacement, Henda Yao Hsu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Since T.A Repetto first introduced crime displacement in 1976, situational crime prevention researchers have long been challenged by the assumption that displacement is an unavoidable consequence of focused crime prevention measures. Despite evidence that criminals do not inevitably shift their offending behavior in response to crime prevention initiatives, recent efforts to extend situational prevention to terrorism have been met with criticisms of displacement. This study examines whether terrorists displace their attacks by changing their methods once the opportunities to carry out acts of terrorism are blocked. To accomplish this, the author examines, through the use of the newly synthesized Global …
The Value Of Human Life : An Individual-Level Determinant Of Violence, Maria Tcherni
The Value Of Human Life : An Individual-Level Determinant Of Violence, Maria Tcherni
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
My contribution to the study of causes of violence in criminology is introducing a theoretical concept of the Value of Life (VL) and developing an empirical solution to measuring it. The value that an individual implicitly assigns to the human life - both his/her own life and other people's lives - is a theoretical concept that synthesizes information about precursors, correlates, and determinates of violence. The VL concept provides a meaningful way to explain some phenomena not commonly associated with violent behavior (for example, reckless behavior with regard to one's health), while also illuminating some puzzling associations consistently found in …
Dynamic Peer Networks : A Longitudinal Study Of Peer Influence On Delinquency During Adolescence, Carter Rees
Dynamic Peer Networks : A Longitudinal Study Of Peer Influence On Delinquency During Adolescence, Carter Rees
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The purpose of this dissertation is to further understand who matters in the adolescent/peer delinquency relationship by exploring different definitions of the term friend and how changes in these friends are related to adolescent delinquency.
Community-Level Crime Control : A Closer Look At The Mediating Variables Of Social Disorganization Theory, David Paul Armstrong
Community-Level Crime Control : A Closer Look At The Mediating Variables Of Social Disorganization Theory, David Paul Armstrong
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The present study focuses on the mediating factors of social disorganization theory. To be more specific, this study combines the insights from the classical social disorganization model, the systemic model of crime, and the more recent work of Sampson and colleagues on collective efficacy and Carr (2003) on the new parochialism to answer some of the lingering questions within the perspective. The three mediating factors examined are social ties, collective efficacy, and organizational activism, a concept derived from Carr's work on the new parochialism. The concept organizational activism refers to using local organizations with access to outside resources to indirectly …
Authoritarian Parenting : A Race Socializing Protective Factor That Deters African American Adolescents From Delinquency And Violence, Frank S. Pezzella
Authoritarian Parenting : A Race Socializing Protective Factor That Deters African American Adolescents From Delinquency And Violence, Frank S. Pezzella
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
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Cognitive Appraisals, Stress And Emotion About Environmental Contamination In The Akwesasne Mohawk Nation, Christina A. Papadopoulos-Lane
Cognitive Appraisals, Stress And Emotion About Environmental Contamination In The Akwesasne Mohawk Nation, Christina A. Papadopoulos-Lane
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study explored the long term impact of white collar environmental crime, i.e., illegal disposal of toxins by ALCOA and GM foundry, on Akwesasne Mohawk Territory. Specifically this study focused on whether toxic contamination was perceived by Akwesasne residents as a chronic stressor, and how residents appraised and coped with the long term consequences of contamination. Data were collected from retrospective interviews using a non random targeted snow ball method. Lazarus's theory of stress and emotion was used to analyze the responses of 47 residents of Akwesasne about environmental contamination. Respondents who were aware of the contamination appraised it as …
Prosecutorial Decision Making In The Face Of Changing Norms : An Exploratory Study Of Animal Cruelty Prosecution In New York, Andrea Lynne Kordzek
Prosecutorial Decision Making In The Face Of Changing Norms : An Exploratory Study Of Animal Cruelty Prosecution In New York, Andrea Lynne Kordzek
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Societal norms regarding the treatment of animals are evolving. This is reflected in part in nationwide changes in criminal justice policy regarding animal welfare. These changes, however, are not likely embraced by all nor do they necessarily result in changes in the practices of decision-makers in the criminal courts. Prosecutorial decision-making in animal cruelty cases may be especially varied due to evolving norms regarding the treatment of animals and conflicting views on the seriousness of the offense, along with the classification of animal cruelty as a relatively low level offense. Research to date has failed to examine how these cases …
Offender Routines And Awareness Space : Looking Beyond Space And Place To Predict The Spatial Clustering Of Crime, Gina Penly Hall
Offender Routines And Awareness Space : Looking Beyond Space And Place To Predict The Spatial Clustering Of Crime, Gina Penly Hall
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Research confirms what many people witness everyday--levels of crime are higher at and around some places compared to others. Explanations surrounding the spatial clustering of crime incidents, or hotspots, typically focus on characteristics of the criminal event and devote little attention to the role of the offender. Building from ideas set forth in routine activities and crime pattern theories, the first goal of this dissertation is to address this missing element. The presence of crime hotspots are estimated using geocoded crime incidents. The resulting maps, along with bivariate and multivariate analyses, examine offender-based explanations for the development of crime hotspots …
Victim Input And Satisfaction : An Analysis Of Victim Personal Statements, Jeanna Marie Mastrocinque
Victim Input And Satisfaction : An Analysis Of Victim Personal Statements, Jeanna Marie Mastrocinque
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Beginning in 2001, England and Wales implemented the Victim Personal Statement scheme, allowing victims to provide a statement to be included in their case file expressing the physical, emotional, and financial consequences of the incident and to state what information the victim wants as the case progresses through the system. The VPS was crafted with the specific expectation that victims would not use this resource as a sentencing tool, and that victims are informed of this stipulation when providing a statement.
Segregation And Social Control : An Agent Based Simulation, Stephen Matthew Pate
Segregation And Social Control : An Agent Based Simulation, Stephen Matthew Pate
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
There exists a considerable body of literature devoted to the evolution of segregated
Regionalization Of Selected Police Services Through A Law Enforcement Council : Is It Worth The Cost?, Julie Schnobrich-Davis
Regionalization Of Selected Police Services Through A Law Enforcement Council : Is It Worth The Cost?, Julie Schnobrich-Davis
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This research study presents results from an evaluation and cost effectiveness analysis of a regionalization of selected police services into a Law Enforcement Council approach, as practiced by the Metropolitan Law Enforcement Council (Metro-LEC). The Metro-LEC is a non-profit organization comprising forty three law enforcement agencies in the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. The results from wave two surveys administered to officers in the organization as well as a survey distributed to the Chief Executive Officers of the participating law enforcement agencies illustrate the overall effectiveness of the organization. Additionally, a cost effectiveness analysis presents data from the costs of operating regionalized …
Modeling Peer Influence And Peer Selection As Processes, Bob Edward Vasquez
Modeling Peer Influence And Peer Selection As Processes, Bob Edward Vasquez
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Behavioral scientists are aware of the strong and persistent correlation between peer and individual behavior. Evidence suggests selection and socialization effects explain the correlation, but the processes, or the details of the ways in which these effects operate in an empirical model, remain relatively unexamined.
Pleading Guilty For Life : An Exploration Of Plea Bargaining In The Face Of Death, Susan Ehrhard
Pleading Guilty For Life : An Exploration Of Plea Bargaining In The Face Of Death, Susan Ehrhard
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation explores decision making and the process of plea bargaining in aggravated murder cases. The study focuses on the extent to which, if any, the death penalty acts as a bargaining tool, inducing guilty pleas to sentences that would otherwise not be accepted, were the death penalty upon conviction at trial not a possibility. The role of the death penalty in this process is an important consideration and one that raises significant implications concerning the human and financial costs of capital punishment. Interviews with prosecutors and defense attorneys in a state where the maximum punishment for murder is death …
Infected Justice : The Impact Of Hiv/Aids On The Police In Anglo-Phone Sub-Saharan Africa, Nathan Carl Meehan
Infected Justice : The Impact Of Hiv/Aids On The Police In Anglo-Phone Sub-Saharan Africa, Nathan Carl Meehan
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Sub-Saharan Africa is an epicenter of the HIV/AIDS epidemic. This disease is affecting nearly every aspect of society in this region. This disease destroys individuals, strains family structures, weakens economies, burdens health systems, and can destabilize entire countries. The police are also being affected by HIV/AIDS. The way in which this disease impacts police organizations in sub-Saharan Africa is understudied. This project sought to estimate the HIV/AIDS impacts on police organizations in Anglo-phone sub-Sahara by utilizing the available literature on how HIV/AIDS affects military, civil service, healthcare, and education organizations in these same countries. It also attempts to identify the …
Treatment Process In Youth Residential Treatment Centers (Rtcs) : The Congruence Of Youth's Treatment Climate Perceptions And Treatment Interventions, And Its Impact On Treatment Outcomes, Yufan Huang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation research focuses on clients' perceptions of treatment climate in youth's residential treatment centers (RTCs). It explores how clients perceive the treatment environment differently and the impact of these climate perceptions and the other key treatment process component--the treatment interventions/services, on both in- and post-program treatment outcomes. An important hypothesis of "treatment congruence" is tested, in which treatment is expected to be more effective when these climate perceptions are congruent with treatment interventions/services in their effects on client. Data come from a longitudinal pilot study of 130 youth and families from two RTCs, with detailed measures of their treatment …
Officers' Perceptions And Experiences With Citizen Disrespect : A Cross-National Analysis, William Christopher Pizio
Officers' Perceptions And Experiences With Citizen Disrespect : A Cross-National Analysis, William Christopher Pizio
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Although a body of research exists examining the influence of citizen disrespect on police decision making and use of force, that research is limited in its capacity to appropriately conceptualize citizen disrespect. In fact, little is known about the verbal and nonverbal behaviors that for officers signify disrespect - in the United States and abroad. Utilizing survey data from officers in a mid-sized city police department in the United States and the London Metropolitan Police, this research seeks to understand the breadth of behaviors that officers find disrespectful, to discover how often officers perceive that they are experiencing disrespectful citizens, …
Impulsivity, Offending, And The Neighborhood : Investigating The Person-Context Nexus, Gregory M. Zimmerman
Impulsivity, Offending, And The Neighborhood : Investigating The Person-Context Nexus, Gregory M. Zimmerman
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
A key assumption of the traditional trait-based approach to the study of crime is that personality traits cause people to act similarly across a wide array of contexts. This approach has been challenged for its failure to acknowledge differences in the social environments to which individuals are exposed. Similarly, community-level explanations of crime have been criticized for failing to acknowledge that there are important individual differences between criminals and non-criminals. Ultimately, a full understanding of crime requires the consideration of both individual and environmental differences, perhaps most importantly because they may interact to produce offending behavior. In particular, the influence …