Peace and Conflict Studies Commons^™

The Effective Opening: Nonviolent Movements And How They Can Help To Enforce International Law Pertaining To Human Rights, Emmalyn A. Dewing

University Honors Theses

This thesis paper will examine the following question: How can nonviolent movements create enough pressure on human rights-abusing powers so that the enforcement of international law pertaining to human rights is more viable? Through the lens of this question, the paper will argue that one of the most effective ways to fully enforce international law pertaining to human rights is through the success of nonviolent movements whose goals align with it. This paper will further briefly argue that these movements can be helped by the international community through external support in the form of training and advice. To support this …

A Tale Of Two Narratives: The Role Of Storytelling In Racial Dialogue, Lane Cooper

University Honors Theses

Storytelling is a tactic often used in intergroup dialogues as a means for highlighting the human aspect of intractable identity-based conflict. In the U.S., racial dialogues are a popular method for addressing racism and exposing the systems that enable its survival. However, stories told by People of Color during these dialogues are often met with denial, dismissiveness, and even complete silence by their White counterparts. This then leads to cognitive and emotional distress for the tellers and a lack of action from the listeners. Using a theoretical analysis, this paper reviews the narrative conflict around racism and applies psychological research …

Climate-Induced Stressors To Peace: A Review Of Recent Literature, Ayyoob Sharifi, Dahlia Simangan, Chui Ying Lee, Rose Reyes, Tarek Katramiz, Jairus Carmela C. Josol, Leticia Dos Muchangos, Hassan Virji, Shinji Kaneko, Thea Kersti Tandog, Leorence Tandog, Moinul Islam

Environmental Science Faculty Publications

Climate change is increasingly recognized as a threat to global peace and security. This paper intends to provide a better understanding of the nature of interactions between climate change and events that undermine peace through a systematic review of recent literature. It highlights major methodological approaches adopted in the literature, elaborates on the geographic focus of the research at the nexus of climate change and peace, and provides further information on how various climatic stressors, such as extreme temperature, floods, sea-level rise, storms, and water stress may be linked to different events that undermine peace (e.g. civil conflict, crime, intercommunal …

Faktor-Faktor Yang Menyebabkan Klien Drop Out Dari Program Rehabilitasi Rawat Jalan Di Klinik Pratama Bnn Di Wilayah Jawa Barat, Widiana Mirianty, Muhammad Syaroni Rofii Mr., Anang Iskandar

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

Identifying the risk for early dropout of the program may help to improve the retention in treatment, thereby also having an impact on better recovery outcome (Basu et al., 2017). Drug trafficking and narcotics abuse destructed young generation who are potential in developing country, are a threat to stability of national security. This study aims to identify and understand the factors that cause client dropout from the outpatient program at Primary Clinic of BNN in West Java. The result found that dropout at Primary Clinic of BNN in West Java was influenced by the stability of social condition factor, rehabilitation …

Monitoring War Destruction From Space Using Machine Learning, Hannes Mueller, Andre Groeger, Jonathan Hersh, Andrea Matranga, Joan Serrat

Economics Faculty Articles and Research

Satellite imagery is becoming ubiquitous. Research has demonstrated that artificial intelligence applied to satellite imagery holds promise for automated detection of war-related building destruction. While these results are promising, monitoring in real-world applications requires high precision, especially when destruction is sparse and detecting destroyed buildings is equivalent to looking for a needle in a haystack. We demonstrate that exploiting the persistent nature of building destruction can substantially improve the training of automated destruction monitoring. We also propose an additional machine-learning stage that leverages images of surrounding areas and multiple successive images of the same area, which further improves detection significantly. …

Faktor-Faktor Risiko Dan Protektif: Kecenderungan Penggunaan Kembali Pasien Penyalahguna Narkotika Di Balai Besar Rehabilitasi Bnn, Dipa Tri Adhitya, Elizabeth Kristi Poerwandari, Diah Setia Utami

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

Recovery does not go as expected due to risk factors that are more dominant than protective factors from patient abusers so that patient abusers have a tendency to reuse, these risk and protective factors can come from within the patient, family and environment. This study uses a qualitative design that uses in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGD). And the purpose of this study is to analyze the risk factors and protective tendencies of drug abuser patients reuse. The results showed that the external risk factors experienced by the informants were environmental factors, namely the influence of friends who used …

Coalition For Prisoners' Rights Newsletter, Vol. 46-C, No. 6, Coalition For Prisoners' Rights

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What Does This Mean?

Visual Messages Of Conflict Reporting On Twitter: Visual Frames And Ethical Standards, Hasan Karademir

Theses and Dissertations

This comparative study employs the theoretical frameworks of framing and hierarchy of influences model to analyze the ethical forces affecting journalists on Twitter and simultaneously their visual frames constructed in their images on Twitter. It investigates the portrayal of the Yemen conflict in the personal Twitter accounts of Yemeni journalists who were affiliated with the United States (US) and Qatari news organizations. Several studies have pointed out the graphic war coverage of Arab news organizations whereas scholars argue that US news organizations provide sanitized coverage on war zones (Johnson & Fahmy, 2007; Silcock, Schwalbe, & Keith, 2008; Karniel, Lavie-Dinur, & …

Compilation Of Mentoring Programs In San Diego And Imperial Counties, Nohelia Ramos, Caitlyn Lauchner, Andrew Blum

Kroc IPJ Research and Resources

This document compiles information on mentoring programs in San Diego and Imperial Counties. The goal is to provide a clear picture what mentoring programs are being implemented and to give basic information about those programs as of June 2021.

The purpose of the document is three-fold. First, as a deliverable under the Project Safe Neighborhoods initiative (PSN), it is designed to provide basic information to the US Attorney’s Office and others involved in the PSN on the range of mentoring programs that exist. Mentoring programs have proven to be an effective program strategy for producing a range of positive youth …

Book Review: Remembrance And Forgiveness: Global And Interdisciplinary Perspectives On Genocide And Mass Violence, Amina Hadžiomerović

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

The volume Remembrance and Forgiveness, edited by Ajlina Karamehić-Muratović and Laura Kromják, brings together a diversity of disciplines, authors, and cultural contexts to discuss the legacies of the post-Holocaust era genocides by focusing on the (de)mobilisation of memory in seeking truth, justice, and forgiveness. The book provides a compendious overview of the social, historical, and political contexts behind the insurgencies and gives a better sense of understanding of (the obstacles to) the healing process and reconciliation in the global frame.

Determinan Retensi Perawatan Berdasarkan Faktor Perilaku Klien Rehabilitasi Rawat Jalan, Resky Fitriyanti Djuningsih, Elizabeth Kristi Poerwandari, Anggi Aulina Harahap

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

The success of rehabilitation can be seen based on the length of treatment carried out by narcotics abusers. Institusi Penerima Wajib Lapor (IPWL) of the BNN DKI Jakarta area, as an outpatient rehabilitation service provider, has a fairly low treatment completion rate, namely 65% for male clients and 46% for female clients. The client's presence in rehabilitation is inseparable from the client's health behavior which is influenced by predisposing factors, enabling factors, and reinforcing factors. The existence of differences in the characteristics of drug abuse between men and women can also affect the behavior of clients. This study aims to …

Presidential Use Of Diversionary Drone Force And Public Support, Scott S. Boddery, Graid G. Klein

Political Science Faculty Publications

During times of domestic turmoil, the use of force abroad becomes an appealing strategy to US presidents in hopes of diverting attention away from internal conditions and toward a foreign policy success. Weaponized drone technology presents a low cost and potentially high-reward option to embattled presidents. While generally covert operations, drone strikes are frequently reported in the media, making them a viable diversionary tool. To gauge whether drone strikes are in fact capable of diverting the public’s attention, we surveyed 1198 Americans and find that a successful drone strike increases presidential approval despite a weak and sagging economy, and the …

Editor’S Note, Padraig O'Malley

New England Journal of Public Policy

Editor's Note for Volume 33, Issue 1.

States Of Mind In Conflict: Offerings And Translations From The Psychoanalytic And Psychosocial Fields, Irene Bruna Seu

New England Journal of Public Policy

Drawing on the fields of psychoanalysis and psychosocial studies, this article investigates the states of mind of both the parties in conflict and the mediators. It proposes that, when framed as a relational intersubjective encounter, mediation can have transformative potentials beyond the political goals. The article aims to rebalance the current rationalistic orientation in mediation and argues that valuing and engaging with the affective register in mediation processes and the states of mind of the mediation actors can better equip mediators to understand and deal with the unpredictability, instability, and blockages in mediation processes.

The article discusses the relevance for …

Conflict, Complexity, And Cooperation, John, Lord Alderdice

New England Journal of Public Policy

This article explores the thesis that we are at a time of historical inflection and suggests what next steps might look like. The change in the seat of authority from the sixteenth century on with the replacement of political and religious hierarchies by participatory democracy and Enlightenment philosophies based on rationalism has seen a remarkable period of progress in science, technology, education, medicine, governance, trade, economics, and the rule of law. The twenty-first century, however, has ushered in a series of reversals for liberal democracy, the fraying of the international rules-based order that emerged after the two world wars and …

A Crisis Of Needs: Coordinating Mental Health And Psychosocial Support Responses In Syria And Europe, Lira Low

New England Journal of Public Policy

This article offers recommendations for coordinating mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) programs for Syrian refugees and internally displaced persons in the Middle East with those available to Syrian asylum seekers in Europe.

It examines the Netherlands’ progressive policies toward MHPSS programs in conflict crises that can provide examples of good practice in policy and advocacy. It calls on host governments to address their support for the enhanced provision of MHPSS not just in humanitarian responses overseas but also for refugee populations in their own countries. It seeks to identify challenges and obstacles in existing programming and proposes the creation …

Psychological Dimensions Of Peacemaking, Ivan Tyrrell

New England Journal of Public Policy

The essence of conflict resolution and therefore peacemaking is summed up in the phrase “mutual needs satisfaction.” This concept presupposes an understanding not only of physical needs but also the emotional needs of all parties involved. This article describes the emotional needs, calling them “human givens” (because they are innate in us) and the innate resources that help us get those needs met. It also describes the three main ways that can interfere with needs being met. It suggests that this knowledge should be absorbed in the political and diplomatic spheres because our emotional needs motivate our behavior and drive …

Foreword, Gabrielle Rifkind

New England Journal of Public Policy

Foreword for Volume 33, Issue 1.

Informality And The Social Art Of Mediation: How Pure Mediators Create Conditions For Making Peace, Nita Yawanarajah

New England Journal of Public Policy

This article explores how pure mediators make peace without using political, military, or economic leverage. It argues that informality helps mediators establish and build relationships that make it possible for the disputing parties to receive their assistance, information, and suggestions. The research uses case studies and first-hand interviews to explore beneath the institutional and strategic level of analysis and finds that informality manifests in peacemaking as informal people, language, time, and space. The findings also indicate that informality in peace processes often appeared organically to achieve positive results by default rather than design. The research has implications for the study …

Psychological Reflections On Mahatma Gandhi And The Future Of Satyagraha, Charles B. Strozier

New England Journal of Public Policy

The article examines the life and work of Mahatma Gandhi from a psychological perspective. Special attention is given to the psychoanalytic study of Gandhi by Erik Erikson, Gandhi’s Truth, in 1969. The author notes his personal connection with Erikson’s book, which profoundly influenced his thinking (and life). The article alternates between a close psychological reading of Erikson’s book and Gandhi’s My Experiments with Truth. The larger point of the article is to reflect on the future of satyagraha or nonviolence. Gandhi’s own meanings of satyagraha are often difficult for many to accept, given the psychological violence that infected his form …

The Impact Of Trauma On Peace Processes, Eugen Koh

New England Journal of Public Policy

Almost everyone who survives situations of violent conflict will have experienced significant trauma. The impact of such experiences on the processes of conflict resolution and peacebuilding is however, not well appreciated or understood. This article considers how the traumatic experiences of individual leaders and their collective constituents, their people, influence their respective abilities to engage in peace processes. It highlights the problems of shame and avoidance following trauma and describes what happens when an "encapsulated" past traumatic experience is reactivated or "triggered": the individual and collective minds regress to a level that limits their ability to think about complex situations …

The European Union: Data Protection For Economic Competition And Regional Security, Matthew D. Wurst

Hatfield Graduate Journal of Public Affairs

The collection and use of personal data is being increasingly scrutinized by governments and the European Union (EU) has been attempting to handle the development of data protection based progressive protections to protect its citizens data and right to privacy. With the reemergence of Russia in challenging the state of affairs within Europe, their illegal seizure of the Crimea from Ukraine demonstrated the lengths Russia will go to in order to preserve its sphere of influence. Furthermore, Russia’s use of cyber tactics and hybrid warfare has caused many in Europe to become more concerned for their security. When viewed through …

Ketahanan Sosial Masyarakat Di Kawasan Rawan Narkotika : Studi Kasus Di Kampung Muara Bahari Tanjung Priok Jakarta Utara, Fika Dewi Rahmawati, Margaretha Hanita, Anang Iskandar

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

In accordance with the mandate of the Narcotics Law Number 35 of 2009, the community has the right and obligation to make efforts to prevent the eradication of narcotics abuse and illicit trafficking (P4GN) in their environment. Through this research, the researcher wants to see how the social resilience of the community in vulnerable areas, especially in Muara Bahari Village, faces the threat of narcotics crime. This research was conducted through a qualitative approach with descriptive analysis. Data were collected through observation and interviews with informants consisting of community leaders, government officials and security forces. It was found that the …

Informing Action For United Nations Sdg Target 8.7 And Interdependent Sdgs: Examining Modern Slavery From Space, Doreen S. Boyd, Bertrand Perrat, Xiaodong Li, Bethany Jackson, Todd Landman, Feng Ling, Kevin Bales, Austin Choi-Fitzpatrick, James Goulding, Stuart Marsh, Giles M. Foody

School of Peace Studies: Faculty Scholarship

This article provides an example of the ways in which remote sensing, Earth observation, and machine learning can be deployed to provide the most up to date quantitative portrait of the South Asian ‘Brick Belt’, with a view to understanding the extent of the prevalence of modern slavery and exploitative labour. This analysis represents the first of its kind in estimating the spatiotemporal patterns in the Bull’s Trench Kilns across the Brick Belt, as well as its connections with various UN Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). With a principal focus on Sustainable Development Goal Target 8.7 regarding the effective measures to …

The Phenomenon Of Sexual Violence During Armed Conflicts In The Twenty-First Century: Entering The Era Of Survivors As Agents Of Peace, Shayna Kushner

International Relations Honors Papers

Evidence suggests the twenty-first century has witnessed a surge in armed conflicts and ethnic wars targeting marginalized communities, subjecting innocent civilians to violence and destruction. Among the tactics aimed to disrupt family and social ties within the existing communities, some armed groups and government sponsored soldiers have subjected vulnerable individuals to wartime rape and conflict-related sexual violence including physical and mental abuse. While the international community attempts to intervene militarily and judicially to quell the sexual violence, institutions and individual actors fall short of providing justice and accountability to survivors and victims of conflict-related sexual violence. Through the case studies …

Peredaran Gelap Narkoba Di Indonesia Pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19, Christian Nataludin, Eva Fauziah, Rosita Dewi Eka Renel, Vallendiah Ayuningtiyas

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

The Covid-19 pandemic caused major changes in health systems and policies related to public health in all countries in the world. UNODC in WDR 2020 said that as for drug markets, the impact of the pandemic is unknown and hard to predict, but various restricted activities had affected demand in the market, the price, and the quality of drugs. This study aims to see how the impacts of Covid-19 pandemic on the problem of illicit drug trafficking, the pattern, and the modus of illicit drug trafficking in Indonesia. The research method used in this research is descriptive qualitative through a …

Fighting A Losing Battle? Countering Terrorism Financing In Nigeria And Somalia, Vesna Markovic

Justice, Law, and Public Safety Studies Department Faculty Articles

In the past decade, terrorist attacks in Africa have increased in frequency and lethality. Cutting off funding to terrorist groups is one important way to reduce these attacks. This research focuses on Boko Haram in Nigeria and al-Shabaab in Somalia. A historical overview of terrorist financing and a current outlook of the methods used by both groups are followed by a review of the literature on countering the financing of terrorism (CFT). This provides a lens through which specific government responses to financing terrorism in Nigeria and Somalia are examined. The research found that although Nigeria has made strides toward …

Minorities And Authoritarianism In The Middle East: A Case Study Of Muslim Alawites In Syria, Maher Al Tayara

Senior Honors Projects, 2020-current

Why are some minorities in the Middle East less inclined to support democratization or political liberalization efforts? Here, I examine if and how minorities differ in their support for democratization from the majority groups in the Middle East. I will analyze why some minorities prefer to support authoritarian regimes over supporting democratization. I examine how the religion of a minority affects its preference for regime type. I will also examine how historical backgrounds and international patronage affects those preferences. I will identify two historical moments in the Middle East that played a role in shaping those preferences: the post-World War …

Analisis Sistem Informasi Rehabilitasi Narkoba Dengan Metode Hot Fit Pada Klinik Bnn Guna Menunjang Ketahanan Nasional, Atina Fauzia, Amy Yayuk Sri Rahayu, Anggi Aulina Harahap

Jurnal Kajian Stratejik Ketahanan Nasional

The Narcotics Rehabilitation Information System (SIRENA) belonging to the National Narcotics Agency (BNN) managed by the Deputy for Rehabilitation provides narcotics rehabilitation data needed to support decision making. Given the important role of SIRENA BNN, analysis is needed to identify and evaluate existing problems and potential future developments. This study aims to analyze in order to gain an understanding and to study more deeply the BNN SIRENA using the HOT FIT method in terms of human, organizational, technological, and net benefits components. This study uses a descriptive analytical qualitative approach with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observation and documentation. …

Coalition For Prisoners' Rights Newsletter, Vol. 46-C, No. 5, Coalition For Prisoners' Rights

Coalition for Prisoners' Rights Newsletters

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