African Studies Commons^™

Regional Dimensions And Consequences Of Africa's Internal Wars: The Case Of Liberia And Sierra Leone, F. Ugboaja Ohaegbulam

Journal of African Policy Studies

Demonstrably, internal conflicts within individual African states have tended to set off chain reactions and spillover effects in their specific regions. Indeed, this was the experience of the African continent throughout the last two decades of the twentieth century. As a result every region of Africa became a victim of several of the consequences and effects of those internal conflicts that began in specific states within it. Beyond Africa, the series of internal conflicts played into the hands of Afro-pessimists and Africa's detractors who lost faith in the continent's present and its future. This study succinctly examines the regional dynamics …

What Model For Language Planning In Education And Development?, Raymond Mopoho

Journal of African Policy Studies

The implementation of language policies by African countries after independence was very similar to what prevailed in the colonial era in that its centerpiece was the promotion of European languages, to the exclusion of native languages. The official rationale for such policies was political and economic in nature: In a multiethnic context, imposing a foreign language would promote national unity and foster the acquisition of the technical know-how necessary for development. Such a policy was characterized by several weaknesses. In its implementation, for many years, the school system seemed content with being a graduate generating machine, with little attention being …

Nigeria, Globalization And The Development Of Underdevelopment In The Third World, Kema Lrogbe

Journal of African Policy Studies

There are two contending opinions on the issue of globalization. There are some observers who believe that globalization has brought rapid prosperity to the underdeveloped countries while others argue that globalization serves the needs of the metropolitan countries at the expense of the peripheral countries. This paper posits that globalization is economic terrorism. Using a dependency theory to analyze the asymmetric relationships between the developed and the underdeveloped countries, the writer applies some economic indicators to highlight the widening gap between the two worlds. In doing so, it is argued that the socio-economic and political structure of the peripheral countries …

Cover And Table Of Contents, Institute On African Affairs

Journal of African Policy Studies

No abstract provided.

Globalization And Sub-Saharan Africa: Will The Promise Of Shared Prosperity Ever Be Realized?, Donald L. Sparks

Journal of African Policy Studies

Globalization, the accelerated economic integration among nations, clearly has brought benefits in terms of worldwide economic growth. However, these benefits have not been evenly distributed, and income disparities between rich and poor countries, and even within countries, have increased. This is most pronounced in sub-Saharan Africa. Globalization was supposed to provide gains for all, or at least the gains were supposed to outweigh the losses. Despite adherence to market liberalization and the rapid pace of globalization, during the past three decades sub-Saharan Africa has continued to be marginalized in the world economic system. At the same time, however, many other …

Rationale Underlying The Conceptualization Of The Component Of The Model M-D Dem, Girmay Berhie

Journal of African Policy Studies

The purpose of the study is to show the need of developing an evaluation model called The Multi-Dimensional Developmental Evaluation Model (M-D DEM) for Third World countries and what structural components to include and the rationale of why these structural components for the evaluation model are crucial to be included.

A number of evaluation research guidelines for use in Third World countries can be found for conducting evaluation research on social programs and projects. However, no systemic approach could be found in the literature review for appraising the systemic impact of the social programs, the relevance of the program to …

Sudan-Ethiopia Relations And Islamization Policy, Solomon Hailu

Journal of African Policy Studies

The central focus of this paper is on Sudan's islamization policy under Al-Bashire's regime and its regional impact. In the past, some African countries have officially protested against Sudan's Muslim fundamentalism policy while other states have officially broken relations with Sudan and have come close to taking military measures against it. Ethiopia has become one of Sudan's neighbors which had her relations severely stained due to Sudan's cross-border Islamic expansionist agenda. The study will analyze the fact that the quest for Ethiopia's internal opposition have always been characterized as having fully political motives rather than religious ambitions. It would appear …

Globalization And The Impact Of Multinational Corporations On Developing Economies: A Case Study Of Nigeria's Oil Sector, Dennis A. Ogirri

Journal of African Policy Studies

This study examines the meaning and significance of globalization, especially the role and impact of multinational corporations on developing economies. Specifically, there is more emphasis on the impact of globalization and multinational corporations on Africa in general, and specific focus on Nigeria as a case study because of the large and significant role of foreign multinational corporations, such as Shell, Elf, Agip, Chevron, Mobil, Texaco, Phillips, and Ashland, in the exploration, production, refining, management, and marketing of the country's crude oil reserves. The environmental impact of the multinational oil corporations on Nigeria's oil sector receives special attention.

The Technological Dimension Of Africa's Crsis Of Development: An Agenda For The 21st Century, Osita Agbu

Journal of African Policy Studies

This article critically examined the ways that technological underdevelopment had contributed to the deepening crises of Africa's technological backwardness. Adopting a holistic and historical approach, it tried to show how technological underdevelopment and the dearth of technologically driven approaches to addressing developmental questions had adversely affected the continent.

The article opines that beyond the technological is the fundamental understanding that the problem which Africa is facing is not just a technical one, but involves also a polical dimension which must not be ignored. It sought to explicate the question of whose technology for what, and in whose interest? It maintained …

Cover And Table Of Contents, Institute On African Affairs

Journal of African Policy Studies

No abstract provided.

National Population Policy And Fertility Decline In Senegal, Keita Ohashi

Journal of African Policy Studies

This study reviews the relationship between population policy and fertility decline in Senegal. In 1988, Senegal officially announced a national population policy, the first such population policy declaration among Francophone sub-Saharan African countries. Shortly thereafter, in the early 1990s, Senegal's total fertility rate did in fact start to decline. The establishment of the national population policy, however, did not directly influence the current fertility decline. Rather, effective population policies in the areas of education, reproductive health, and family planning services together are likely to determine the pace of overall fertility decline in Senegal. In this study, current fertility trends are …

Fertility Transition In Urban And Rural Sub-Saharan Africa: Preliminary Evidence Of A Three-Stage Process, David Shapiro, B. Oleko Tambashe

Journal of African Policy Studies

This paper provides an overview and analyses of the relatively recently-emerged and ongoing fertility transition in sub-Saharan Africa. We use data from 49 Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) that have been carried out in 29 different countries to examine fertility levels and trends, overall and separately for urban and rural settings. We also look at levels and changes in age-specific fertility for a selected subset of these countries. Our examination of trends, using the 15 countries in which multiple DHS surveys have been carried out, suggests that there may be a three-stage transition process, with fertility initially declining in urban …

Patterns And Determinants Of Fertility In Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, 1974-1998, Asfaw Yitna

Journal of African Policy Studies

Addis Ababa, the capital city of Ethiopia, reported a surprisingly low TFR level of 1.8 births per woman in the year 1994. Such a low level has never been experienced by any other large African city. In this paper, we attempt to confirm the adjusted level fertility of 2.1 births per woman and thus the fertility decline reported by the Central Statistical Authority (CSA), and to explore the important demographics, socio-economic and proximate determinants of fertility decline of Addis Ababa from 1974 to 1998.

We use data from fertility surveys of 1990 and 1995, conducted in Addis Ababa by CSA, …

Fertility Transition In West Africa, Samuel Agyei-Mensah

Journal of African Policy Studies

This paper examines the fertility transition in West Africa against the background of recent declines in fertility in Sub-Saharan Africa. Two major questions are addressed: First, what is the status of the West African fertility transition at the end of the 20th century? Second, what are the facilitators of the West African fertility transition? Using data from Demographic and Health Surveys as well as localized studies the paper provides insights into the historical pattern of the West African fertility transition. It attempts to push the interpretation of the West African fertility transition into new theoretical directions by highlighting the importance …

The Persistence Of High Fertility In Sub-Saharan Africa, Ellen Brennan-Galvin, Elizabeth Gould

Journal of African Policy Studies

This paper examines the factors that have contributed to the persistence of high fertility in sub-Saharan Africa. It begins with an overview of the current fertility situation. It then traces historical colonial trends that are still influencing population growth in present-day Africa and examines traditional cultural supports for high fertility, such as the practice of polygyny and the strong aversion to childlessness. Some countries in sub-Saharan Africa already have begun a transition to lower fertility, whereas in others, women still bear an average of seven or eight children.

Even if there were greater demand for family planning services, the disruptions …

Fertility Decline In Francophone Sub-Saharan Africa: 1980-2010, Pierre Ngom, Soukeynatou Fall

Journal of African Policy Studies

This paper examines fertility levels (1990-2000) and trends (1980-2000) in francophone sub-Saharan Africa, and suggests likely prospects for further decline during the 2000-2010 period. Data are from the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS), the World Fertility Surveys (WFS), and the World Bank. Fertility levels are still high in francophone sub-Saharan Africa, but vary widely from a total fertility rate (TFR) of 4.6 children per woman in Cameroon (1998) to 7.2 in Niger (1998). Overall, fertility has been declining in francophone sub-Saharan Africa, although the pace has been much slower than the one prevailing in English-speaking countries. Age at marriage, but …

Fertility Decline And Family Changes In Sub-Saharan Africa, Therese Locoh

Journal of African Policy Studies

Sub-Saharan Africa has until recently been considered a continent of steady high fertility levels. However, a consistent effort in new statistical surveys has produced a substantial body of data indicating that the continent is now entering the fertility transition stage at various paths depending on the countries, and that the transition is occurring more rapidly among the urban than rural population in each country. This paper examines the impact of these changes on nuptiality patterns, intergenerational relations, gender relations and empowerment of women. It reveals certain trends in the African family: Traditional family norms are challenged, and new types of …

Cover And Table Of Contents, Institute On African Affairs

Journal of African Policy Studies

No abstract provided.

Fertility Decline In Sub-Saharan Africa: Introduction, Charles M. Becker

Journal of African Policy Studies

No abstract provided.

Globalization And Hegemony: Which Way Africa?, Mueni Wa Muiu

Journal of African Policy Studies

In this paper, I argue that World Bank policies, democratization, and globalization are not geared to uplift the dire conditions facing the majority in Africa. In post-Cold War Africa, the contested arena is over control of African cheap labor, markets and resources. In such a scenario, the greatest enemies of "globalization," "democratization" and "freedom" will be African leaders or groups that try to meet their populations' basic needs by focusing on food production rather than export. The core players in this "new Scramble" for Africa are: the World Bank, the International Monetary Fund, African elites (including scholars and leaders) and …

The Effect Of Mauritania's "Human Rights Deficit" On The Political Process: A Case Against "To Forgive And Forget", Boubacar N'Diaye

Journal of African Policy Studies

No abstract provided.

The Policy Dilemmas Of Pesticides Management And Disposal In Tanzania, Paul J. Kaiser, John C. Morris

Journal of African Policy Studies

The purpose of this paper is to systematically evaluate and analyze pesticides management and disposal in Tanzania employing a theoretical approach that emanates from current research on public policy implementation. This case demonstrates that the national and international context of public policy-making and inter-governmental agency cooperation and coordination are essential to understanding the current environmental situation in the country. Given the paucity of published, African case studies used in the theory-building process, this study also attempts to contribute to strengthening the empirical legitimacy and theoretical soundness of the comparative method of social scientific inquiry by including African realities in scholarly …

Cover And Table Of Contents, Institute On African Affairs

Journal of African Policy Studies

No abstract provided.

External Debt And Secondary Education In Sub-Saharan Africa: A Dynamic Analysis, Gladys B. Mutangadura, Judith R. Blau, Vicki L. Lamb

Journal of African Policy Studies

Debt burdens associated with structural adjustment policies have created severe hardships in many sub-Saharan African nations and may be especially detrimental to educational enrollments. This paper considers the possible deleterious effects of external debt on access to and participation in secondary education in sub-Saharan Africa. It provides a pooled cross-national time series analysis to assess the impact of external debt on secondary education enrollments. Findings indicate that external debt burden has a negative effect on secondary school enrollments. Since human resource development is crucial for the advancement of a nation and the well-being of its people, we conclude that debt …

Zimbabwe's Land Reform And Environmental Dilemma, Smile Dube

Journal of African Policy Studies

This paper examines the evolution of thinking in the World Bank on development land reform in Zimbabwe. It argues that the evolving and broader definitions of land reform in Zimbabwe must consider the conditions necessary for the attainment of economic development that encompasses sustainable development, poverty alleviation, capacity building, gender equality, good governance and now conflict prevention and resolution. The paper explores an economic model of political power derived from Mancur Olson's work relating power and prosperity in both transition and developing economies. The model is applied to Zimbabwe after independence, under one ruler and one party — Robert Mugabe …

Communities’ Perception Of Tourism And The Environment In Kenya: A Case Study Of Nairobi National Park, Frances Ekwulugo, A. Binsardi, J. Muhati

Journal of African Policy Studies

The study focuses on the community perception of tourism on the local environment in the Nairobi National Park in Kenya. It highlights not only the importance of tourism in the process of economic development, but also the environmental impacts of tourism on the surrounding communities in the Nairobi National Park. Kenya. Structured interviews were used to obtain local communities' perception of Masaai and Nairobi Communities. In order to complement the interview, an in-depth interview was employed by interviewing local experts from the communities, voluntary organization, non-governmental organization, and the ministry of tourism. A purposive random sampling of 300 respondents was …

Ghanaian Women And Environmental Policy, Leonard Gadzekpo

Journal of African Policy Studies

The article makes a case that environmental policy in Ghana, and indeed in Africa, is often formulated with the role of men in economic activities in mind. Such policy often ignores the vital role that women play in their economic activities undertaken by women have serious ramifications for the ecosystem. Therefore daily contact, use, and management of the environment. As such, various, the article places women in the center of environmental policy. It argues that the important role women play in African society, particularly their direct contact with environment through farming, should be taken into account when formulating environmental policy.

A Framework For Managing Environmental Policy In Nigeria, Felix Moses Edoho

Journal of African Policy Studies

This paper examines environmental issues in Nigeria. It argues that there is the need for public commitment to effective management of environmental policies in Nigeria. The paper provided a management framework that could be used by the Nigerian government for the effective implementation of their environmental policies. The underlying rationale is that any goal-oriented environmental policy must have management at its core. It is argued that regardless of their levels of sophistication, environmental policies are unlikely to be successful without a corresponding management infrastructure. Establishing effective management infrastructure for the implementation of environmental policies, in turn, requires political leadership and …

Environmental Policy In The Democratic Republic Of The Congo, Francois N. Muyumba

Journal of African Policy Studies

This paper explores the dynamics of environmental policy in the Democratic Republic of Congo. It argues that the constituents of the policy and policy analysis itself must be judiciously and critically comprehensive in their overall scope, so as to encompass the fullness of the problem at hand. It stress that it is imperative for the government of the Democratic Republic of Congo to tighten up slackness extended to international companies operating and polluting the nation. This slackness in environmental policy enforcement is the reason why foreign companies do not observe or respect the nations' policies and laws. This paper is …

Cover And Table Of Contents, Institute On African Affairs

Journal of African Policy Studies

No abstract provided.