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Articles 1621 - 1650 of 12315

Full-Text Articles in Geography

Volume 48-2 Complete Issue, Steven M. Schnell Oct 2024

Volume 48-2 Complete Issue, Steven M. Schnell

The Geographical Bulletin

Volume 48-2 Complete Issue

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A Re-Examination Of The Lost Lake Effect In Buffalo, New York, Stephen Vermette, Emmanuel Orengo Oct 2024

A Re-Examination Of The Lost Lake Effect In Buffalo, New York, Stephen Vermette, Emmanuel Orengo

The Geographical Bulletin

In 1943, the National Weather Service moved the weather station at Buffalo, New York from its downtown waterfront location to an inland location. Recently discovered air temperature data from the log books of the Colonel Ward Pumping Station (1943 to 1987) allow for a comparison of monthly temperatures with those of Buffalo’s current inland weather station. Our objective is to determine if the lake effect was lost in the climatic record with the inland move of the weather station. Differences in average monthly temperatures between the waterfront and inland locations support the loss of the lake effect. If the weather …

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Where Are The Geographers? Newly Incorporated Municipalities (Nims) In The South, Russel M. Smith, Keith Debbage Oct 2024

Where Are The Geographers? Newly Incorporated Municipalities (Nims) In The South, Russel M. Smith, Keith Debbage

The Geographical Bulletin

The creation of new cities can have dramatic impacts on urban landscapes regarding tax rates, land use patterns, school districts, and the provision of other municipal services. Between 1990 and 2005, 193 newly incorporated municipalities (NIMs) were created in the South. The study of these new cities falls under the purview of the larger field of boundary change. Boundary change can take the form of annexation, consolidation/ merger, secession, the formation of special districts, and incorporation. This paper examines the current literature on the different forms of boundary change and provides potential explanations for why municipal incorporation is an area …

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Application And Comparison Of Geomorphological And Hydrological Pool And Riffle Quantification Methods, Amy M. Krueger, Kelly M. Frothingham Oct 2024

Application And Comparison Of Geomorphological And Hydrological Pool And Riffle Quantification Methods, Amy M. Krueger, Kelly M. Frothingham

The Geographical Bulletin

Pools and riffles have long been recognized as fundamental geomorphological elements of meandering streams. As such, the quantification of pool and riffle characteristics and development of techniques to identify these bed forms has been an important research field for decades. The definition and identification of pools and riffles, however, can vary amongst disciplines. This research compares methods used in two different disciplines, geomorphology and hydrology, and determines the level of agreement between them. Initially, we identified pools and riffles using the bed differencing technique (bdt) in fifteen reaches of Ransom Creek, Clarence, New York. We then calculated the hydrological index, …

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An All-Hazards Approach To Us Military Base Camp Site Selection, Mark Corson, Christopher Jasperro Oct 2024

An All-Hazards Approach To Us Military Base Camp Site Selection, Mark Corson, Christopher Jasperro

The Geographical Bulletin

Throughout history, military forces have built encampments and bases in hostile areas to defend and sustain themselves while on campaign. The predominant criteria for site selection were and continue to be tactical and logistical concerns. This article applies a geographic perspective to US military base camp site selection in contingency operations such as Bosnia, Kosovo, Iraq, or Afghanistan. In particular, it argues that an all-hazards approach should be employed in the site selection process, and that the all-hazards approach be an integral part of the planning phase of base camp development and emerging site selection doctrine. This project begins with …

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The Effects Of Pacific Oscillations On Snowpack In The Rattlesnake Creek Drainage, Western Montana, Deana Dewire Oct 2024

The Effects Of Pacific Oscillations On Snowpack In The Rattlesnake Creek Drainage, Western Montana, Deana Dewire

The Geographical Bulletin

Snow is an important water resource for communities throughout the western United States. In western Montana, 62% of annual precipitation falls as snow. Recent research suggests there is an inverse relationship between Northern Rockies snowpack and El Niño and between Northern Rockies snowpack and the positive phase of the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, a realization that could benefit the communities and industries throughout the West that depend on snowmelt for their water needs. This research uses linear regression statistics to test if a correlation exists between ENSO or PDO and April 1 snowpack at the headwaters of the Rattlesnake Creek in …

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Safety First: Unpacking Key Roles Of Arctic Adventure Guides, Barbara Olga Hild, Betty Weiler Professor Oct 2024

Safety First: Unpacking Key Roles Of Arctic Adventure Guides, Barbara Olga Hild, Betty Weiler Professor

International Journal of Tour Guiding and Visitor Attraction Research

Building on past research on tour guides and guiding, this paper provides an in-depth examination of the safety management role of tour guides leading adventure trips. A review of previous literature identifies broad dimensions of tour guiding and, within these dimensions, specific guiding roles mainly in relation to communication. The current study’s qualitative examination of experienced Arctic guides, however, illustrates how environmental conditions contribute to near misses and points to safety management as an adventure guide’s fundamental role. The findings highlight the need for guide competence and certification and underpin recommendations for research in relation to guide education and practices …

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Cover And Forewords, Steven M. Schnell Oct 2024

Cover And Forewords, Steven M. Schnell

The Geographical Bulletin

Cover and Forewords

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Note From Editor, Steven M. Schnell Oct 2024

Note From Editor, Steven M. Schnell

The Geographical Bulletin

Note from Editor

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Volume 48-1 Complete Issue, Steven M. Schnell Oct 2024

Volume 48-1 Complete Issue, Steven M. Schnell

The Geographical Bulletin

Volume 48-1 Complete Issue

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Reel Racing: The Geography Of The United States Lawn Mower Racing Association, H. Jason Combs Oct 2024

Reel Racing: The Geography Of The United States Lawn Mower Racing Association, H. Jason Combs

The Geographical Bulletin

The United States Lawn Mower Racing Association (USLMRA) formed on April Fools’ Day 1992 and now has approximately 500 members and a national racing circuit. This paper examines the geography of the USLMRA as well as the reasons for its expansion. Professional lawn mower racing’s popularity is somewhat in response to NASCAR’s commercialization and nationalization efforts. Lawn mower racing is more affordable than stock car racing and provides an outlet for many adrenaline-enriched and mechanically inclined individuals. The national circuit runs through traditional stock car country—from Texas and Florida to Illinois, Wisconsin, and Ohio. The majority of USLMRA members and …

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Interviewed By Steven Schnell. Editor, The Geographical Bulletin, Minelle Mahtani Oct 2024

Interviewed By Steven Schnell. Editor, The Geographical Bulletin, Minelle Mahtani

The Geographical Bulletin

Minelle Mahtani is currently an Assistant Professor of Geography at the University of Toronto. She holds a B.A. from Dalhousie University in anthropology, a Ph.D. in geography from University College London, and a postdoctoral position at the University of British Columbia. She has also had stints as a television producer for the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation, and working for a nonprofit organization, the Institute for Media, Policy, and Civil Society. Her research interests include critical mixed race theory; feminist geography, women of color in geography, media and minority representation, and geographies of media.

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Ecological Marginalization And Hill Tribe Security In Northern Thailand, Richard A. Crooker Oct 2024

Ecological Marginalization And Hill Tribe Security In Northern Thailand, Richard A. Crooker

The Geographical Bulletin

In recent decades, Thai elites have ecologically marginalized hill tribe farmers in northern Thailand. A region-wide population boom has fueled a ‘land grab’ by the elites and forced hill tribe farmers to live on less land with few off-farm options. The marginalized farmers are less secure in their livelihoods, and as a result, there has been conflict over resources between them and governmental authorities and ethnic Thais. This paper analyzes the hill tribes’ marginalization in order to assess the risk of heightened social conflict in the region. I chose hill tribe villages in the Mae Sa Valley as a “best-case” …

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Environment And Security Conflicts: The U.S. Military In Okinawa, Jonathan Taylor Oct 2024

Environment And Security Conflicts: The U.S. Military In Okinawa, Jonathan Taylor

The Geographical Bulletin

This paper explores the effects of ongoing environmental issues related to U.S. military bases in Okinawa. Okinawa’s history, particularly the damage it suffered during World War II has led to an active anti-military movement on the island. The U.S. bases exist in a context of anti-military and environmental movements which seek to dislodge the bases from their current location. At the same time the U.S. military bases have had both direct and indirect effects upon Okinawa’s environment: some positive, though many negative. Some steps the U.S. military could take to lessen its environmental impacts upon Okinawa are suggested.

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Cover And Forewords, Steven M. Schnell Oct 2024

Cover And Forewords, Steven M. Schnell

The Geographical Bulletin

Cover and Forewords

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Note From Editor, Steven M. Schnell Oct 2024

Note From Editor, Steven M. Schnell

The Geographical Bulletin

Note from Editor

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Volume 49-2 Complete Issue, Steven M. Schnell Oct 2024

Volume 49-2 Complete Issue, Steven M. Schnell

The Geographical Bulletin

Volume 49-2 Complete Issue

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The Power Of Place: Geography, Destiny, And Globalization’S Rough Landscape, By Harm De Blij, James Lowry Oct 2024

The Power Of Place: Geography, Destiny, And Globalization’S Rough Landscape, By Harm De Blij, James Lowry

The Geographical Bulletin

I have come to expect a great deal from Harm de Blij over the years and he has always delivered. So, when I was presented the opportunity to review this new look at globalization from the de Blij perspective I jumped at the chance. The purpose of The Power of Place is to examine the many assertions of a flattening of the earth; of the globalization we are constantly being told is leading us to a loss of regional cultures. So how does de Blij accomplish this task considering the flattening of the earth has been widely recognized as gospel? …

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Spring Valley, Washington Dc: Changing Land Use And Demographics From 1900-2000, Benefsheh D. Verell Oct 2024

Spring Valley, Washington Dc: Changing Land Use And Demographics From 1900-2000, Benefsheh D. Verell

The Geographical Bulletin

Spring Valley, located in northwest Washington D.C., has had a dynamic land use history, changing from farmland to military base to residential development during the span of one hundred years. The development and marketing of Spring Valley in the 1930s and 1940s reflects the changing socioeconomics and settlement patterns of D.C. The data suggest a “white flight” out of the inner-city neighborhoods to Spring Valley and the surrounding suburbs. Additionally, Spring Valley, as a Formerly Used Defense Site, presents environmental hazards to the current residential community. The Army’s response to this hazard demonstrates changes in military environmental policies from nonexistent …

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Predicting Paths Of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Using Monthly Surface Pressure Data, P. Grady Dixon, Michael E. Brown, W. Michael Carter, W. Scott Gunter, Kelsey N. Scheitlin Oct 2024

Predicting Paths Of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones Using Monthly Surface Pressure Data, P. Grady Dixon, Michael E. Brown, W. Michael Carter, W. Scott Gunter, Kelsey N. Scheitlin

The Geographical Bulletin

Previous research has had some success in predicting likely tracks of tropical cyclones in the Atlantic basin using North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) anomalies (above or below average values) during preceding months. This paper expands on this research by incorporating other surface pressure values as independent variables as alluded to by some of the earliest NAO research. We examine monthly sea-level-pressure (SLP) data from Reykjavik (Iceland), Cape Hatteras (North Carolina), and Nassau (Bahamas), along with NAO index anomalies, to see if they can be used to predict future paths and landfall locations of Atlantic tropical cyclones during the period 1970–2005. Average …

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Remote Sensing Quantification Of Wetland Habitat Change In South Carolina: Implications For Coastal Resource Policy, John All, Jenna Nelson Oct 2024

Remote Sensing Quantification Of Wetland Habitat Change In South Carolina: Implications For Coastal Resource Policy, John All, Jenna Nelson

The Geographical Bulletin

Increased urbanization of coastal areas has resulted in the pollution and destruction of wetland ecosystems worldwide. The effect of development on local wetland habitat was examined for Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, USA. Changes in the areal extent of wetlands in Mount Pleasant were determined through a quantification of changes in wetland margins from the 1970s to 1990s using Landsat data. The rate of wetland habitat loss accelerated from the 1980s to 1990s compared to the 1970s, even though coastal zone regulations had been strengthened and the rate of population increase was comparable for the decades selected for comparison. This paper …

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Assessing A Small Summer Urban Heat Island In Rural South Central Pennsylvania, Danielle Doyle, Timothy W. Hawkins Oct 2024

Assessing A Small Summer Urban Heat Island In Rural South Central Pennsylvania, Danielle Doyle, Timothy W. Hawkins

The Geographical Bulletin

The development of cities potentially has a significant impact on climate. Buildings and infrastructure that replace natural vegetation often create new microclimates through changes in the energy balance associated with the built environment. The urban heat island effect, the phenomenon where air temperatures within an urban area are warmer than the surrounding rural areas, has been thoroughly examined for large urban areas. The purpose of this study is to determine the magnitude and extent of the urban heat island for a small urban area surrounded by agricultural land. Temperature data collected from several urban and rural locations over a four-month …

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Explainable Artificial Intelligence To Interpret Spatially-Explicit Impacts Of Future Climate Change On Species Distribution, Lei Song, Amy E. Frazier, Peter Kedron, Diogo S. A. Araujo, Diyang Cui, Brian J. Enquist, Brian Maitner, Cory Merow, Gabriel M. Moulatlet, Efthymios I. Nikolopoulos, Patrick R. Roehrdanz Oct 2024

Explainable Artificial Intelligence To Interpret Spatially-Explicit Impacts Of Future Climate Change On Species Distribution, Lei Song, Amy E. Frazier, Peter Kedron, Diogo S. A. Araujo, Diyang Cui, Brian J. Enquist, Brian Maitner, Cory Merow, Gabriel M. Moulatlet, Efthymios I. Nikolopoulos, Patrick R. Roehrdanz

I-GUIDE Forum

Biodiversity is essential for maintaining ecosystem balance and functionality, providing vital services such as climate regulation. The rapid decline in biodiversity, driven by habitat loss, habitat fragmentation, and climate change, poses significant threats to ecosystems. Climate change, in particular, is fundamentally altering habitats, leading to shifts in species distributions. However, existing research often lacks decomposed contribution analyses, particularly spatially, for a changing individual environmental attributes when modeling species distribution as an aggregate result of all factors and their interactions. Such analyses are crucial for identifying climate refugia and prioritizing conservation efforts. Taking endangered mammal species as an example, this study …

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Statistical Downscaling Of Climate Datasets With Deep Generative Model And Bayesian Inference, Guiye Li, Guofeng Cao Oct 2024

Statistical Downscaling Of Climate Datasets With Deep Generative Model And Bayesian Inference, Guiye Li, Guofeng Cao

I-GUIDE Forum

Facing the challenges of global climate change, precise and high spatial resolution climate data are crucial and in pressing need for scientific research and analysis. However, most existing datasets are only available with very coarse spatial resolution and demand large-scale resolution enhancement. Meanwhile, climate datasets own much more intricate textures than natural images. Statistical downscaling or super-resolution (SR) with the deep-learning-based generative model might be a promising approach to address these challenges. It is worth noting that a learned Bayesian reconstruction with generative models (L-BRGM) method was proposed recently. The proposed Bayesian deep learning framework employs a single pre-trained generative …

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Enhanced Lithological Mapping In Arid Crystalline Regions Using Explainable Ai And Multi-Spectral Remote Sensing Data, Hesham Morgan, Ali Elgendy, Amir Said, Mostafa Hashem, Wenzhao Li, Surendra Maharjan, Hesham El-Askary Oct 2024

Enhanced Lithological Mapping In Arid Crystalline Regions Using Explainable Ai And Multi-Spectral Remote Sensing Data, Hesham Morgan, Ali Elgendy, Amir Said, Mostafa Hashem, Wenzhao Li, Surendra Maharjan, Hesham El-Askary

Mathematics, Physics, and Computer Science Faculty Articles and Research

Lithological classification is essential for understanding the spatial distribution of rocks, especially in arid crystalline areas. Artificial intelligence (AI) recent advancements with multi-spectral satellite imagery have been utilized to enhance lithological mapping in these areas. Here we employed different AI models namely, Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest Classification (RFC), Logistic Regression, XGBoost, and K-nearest neighbors (KNN) for lithological mapping. This was followed by the application of explainable AI (XAI) for lithological discrimination (LD) which is still not widely explored. Based on the highest accuracy and F1 score of the previously mentioned models, RFC model outperformed all of them, and …

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Collaborative Professional Development Featuring Innovative Curriculum Materials, Cory Callahan Oct 2024

Collaborative Professional Development Featuring Innovative Curriculum Materials, Cory Callahan

The Councilor: A National Journal of the Social Studies

Here I synthesize two research investigations (Callahan, 2018, 2019) that comprise a continuing line of inquiry into the potential of innovative curriculum materials and sustained collaboration as a professional development program to help in-service teachers understand and implement a complex model of social studies instruction. This article features an original innovative curriculum material and specifically explores the question: To what degree can a collaborative professional development program featuring innovative curriculum materials help social studies teachers understand and implement a powerful social studies approach? Findings suggest the professional development program and its innovative curriculum materials helped teachers promote substantive pedagogical thinking …

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Understanding Complex Socio-Environmental Systems With Spatial Agent-Based Models, Rebecca C. Vandewalle, Alexander Michels, Furqan Baig, Shaowen Wang Oct 2024

Understanding Complex Socio-Environmental Systems With Spatial Agent-Based Models, Rebecca C. Vandewalle, Alexander Michels, Furqan Baig, Shaowen Wang

I-GUIDE Forum

Our increasingly connected world is faced with complex socio-environmental problems (e.g., biodiversity loss, climate change, and food insecurity). Tackling these problems requires cross- disciplinary approaches that examine the problems based on synergistic spatial and system thinking. Spatial Agent-Based Models (SABMs) represent a powerful approach to understanding complex socio-environmental systems. However, research on SABMs and associated complex problem solving face grand challenges that must be overcome to effectively unleash the power of SABMs enabled by cyber-based geographic information science and systems (cyberGIS). This paper describes four such grand challenges —reproducibility, scalability, communication, and accessibility. Resolving these challenges will enable new spatial …

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Communicating Uncertainty And Cataloging Bias In Spatial Data Science Education, Peter Kedron, Jiahua Chen Oct 2024

Communicating Uncertainty And Cataloging Bias In Spatial Data Science Education, Peter Kedron, Jiahua Chen

I-GUIDE Forum

Uncertainty is an unavoidable part of any spatial analysis, which makes quantifying and communicating uncertainty a requirement of any spatial data science study. However, current curricula leave students understanding the importance of uncertainty and concerned about potential bias, but without an actionable framework to improve their workflows or inferences. We propose a framework rooted in Bloom’s Taxonomy for introducing these concepts to spatial data science students.

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A Convergence Framework For Integrating Cybergis Education And Research On I-Guide Platform, Fangzheng Lyu, Furqan Baig, Yunfan Kang, Erick Li, Anand Padmanabhan, Shaowen Wang Oct 2024

A Convergence Framework For Integrating Cybergis Education And Research On I-Guide Platform, Fangzheng Lyu, Furqan Baig, Yunfan Kang, Erick Li, Anand Padmanabhan, Shaowen Wang

I-GUIDE Forum

This paper described Data with Notebooks as a convergence framework for integrating cyberGIS education and research on the I-GUIDE Platform. The I-GUIDE Platform provides rich geospatial data and computing resources and adheres to FAIR (findable, accessible, interoperable, and reusable) data principles. The framework enhances these capabilities by harnessing scalable and reproducible geospatial analytics. Specifically, this framework supports the development of interactive cyberGIS education and research Jupyter Notebooks centered around geospatial datasets. A case study demonstrates the application of the framework, showing six cyberGIS research notebooks and four cyberGIS education notebooks based on a Twitter dataset. The case study and underlying …

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Building Blocks For Geospatial Software Education Using The I-Guide Platform, Rebecca C. Vandewalle, Alexander Michels, Zhiyuan Li, Nattapon Jaroenchai, Shaowen Wang Oct 2024

Building Blocks For Geospatial Software Education Using The I-Guide Platform, Rebecca C. Vandewalle, Alexander Michels, Zhiyuan Li, Nattapon Jaroenchai, Shaowen Wang

I-GUIDE Forum

By combining advanced cyberinfrastructure with geospatial analysis capabilities and resources in an accessible online environment, the I-GUIDE Platform has great potential for geospatial computing focused education. However, learning occurs in different settings and contexts, both formal and informal. For I-GUIDE Platform to be successful, it should have the flexibility to support a variety of educational needs. In this paper, we argue for an expanded set of front-end building blocks to support diverse education and research use-cases, building on existing cyberGIS capabilities and Jupyter backend. We draw from experience working with the CyberGISX platform as an education tool in different learning …

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