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Articles 1 - 30 of 231
Full-Text Articles in Geography
A Novel Edge-Based Accuracy Assessment Framework For Target Detection From Remotely Sensed Images, Yingfan Zhang, Weiyi Hou, Lyndon Estes, Rui Lu, Shijie Zhu, Aiyin Zhang, Zhou Shi, Su Ye
A Novel Edge-Based Accuracy Assessment Framework For Target Detection From Remotely Sensed Images, Yingfan Zhang, Weiyi Hou, Lyndon Estes, Rui Lu, Shijie Zhu, Aiyin Zhang, Zhou Shi, Su Ye
Geography
Accuracy assessment is critical for evaluating map quality and improving algorithms for target detection in remotely sensed images. Traditional methods for assessing a target-detection task were often performed by estimating the relative pixels of correct and incorrect identifications (e.g., F1 score). However, this approach only considers the pixel-by-pixel agreement and ignores important aspects of positional errors and target object quality. To provide comprehensive diagnostic information, we propose a novel edge-based accuracy assessment framework. This framework firstly applied a newly proposed assessment tool, Dynamic Epsilon-band Accuracy Function (DEAF), which is a linear fitting function from a series of edge accuracies associated …
Nasa Earth Exchange HawaiʻI Downscaled Climate Projections Cmip6 (Nex-Hidcp-Cmip6) Dataset, Bridget Thrasher, Ian Brosnan, Abby Frazier, Kristen Sanflippo, Matthew P. Lucas
Nasa Earth Exchange HawaiʻI Downscaled Climate Projections Cmip6 (Nex-Hidcp-Cmip6) Dataset, Bridget Thrasher, Ian Brosnan, Abby Frazier, Kristen Sanflippo, Matthew P. Lucas
Geography
Hawaiʻi’s complex topography, pronounced microclimates, and geographic isolation make coarse-scale global climate model output inadequate for local planning, and high-resolution climate projections tailored to the state have until now been lacking. To address this gap, we introduce the NASA Earth eXchange Hawaiʻi Downscaled Climate Projections CMIP6 (NEX-HIDCP-CMIP6), a new archive of downscaled historical and future climate projections based on output from Phase 6 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) over the State of Hawaiʻi. The dataset covers the years 1950–2100 and includes three variables (maximum temperature, minimum temperature, and precipitation) from five CMIP6 experiments (the historical experiment and the …
Fresh Phytoplankton Bloom Growth In The Fall And Its Control On Ocean Heating In The Pacific Arctic Region, Clare B. Gaffey, K E. Frey, Bonnie Light, Lee W. Cooper, Jacqueline M. Grebmeier
Fresh Phytoplankton Bloom Growth In The Fall And Its Control On Ocean Heating In The Pacific Arctic Region, Clare B. Gaffey, K E. Frey, Bonnie Light, Lee W. Cooper, Jacqueline M. Grebmeier
Geography
Delayed sea ice freeze-up and decreased sea ice extent in the Pacific Arctic region have altered light availability in marine waters, extending the ice-free season and increasing opportunities for photosynthetic activity and energy exchanges. This study investigates phytoplankton bloom progression during the fall using chlorophyll pigments and examines the impact phytoplankton have on heat distribution within the water column. Measurements of chlorophyll-a concentrations and its associated degradation product pheophytin were made in conjunction with optical measurements of light transmittance within the upper water column during the Synoptic Arctic Survey cruise in the Central Arctic Ocean and northeast Chukchi Sea in …
Evaluating Long-Term Seasonal Variability Of Aerosol Optical Properties In Colorado, Erin K. Boedicker, Andre Bergeron, Gerardo Carrillo-Cardenas, Dominik Kulakowski, John Rogan, Elizabeth Andrews, Gannet A. Hallar
Evaluating Long-Term Seasonal Variability Of Aerosol Optical Properties In Colorado, Erin K. Boedicker, Andre Bergeron, Gerardo Carrillo-Cardenas, Dominik Kulakowski, John Rogan, Elizabeth Andrews, Gannet A. Hallar
Geography
Aerosol particles resulting from both wildfires and dust events introduce considerable uncertainty into both climate research and public health assessments. These challenges are becoming particularly evident in the western US. To gain a deeper understanding of western US aerosol properties, we analyzed 13 years (2011–2024) of surface in-situ aerosol optical data from Storm Peak Laboratory (SPL) in northwestern Colorado, and 6 years (2019–2024) of surface in-situ aerosol optical data from Table Mountain (BOS) in central Colorado. The aerosol optical properties at both sites demonstrate a strong summer wildfire smoke signal (peaking in August) and evidence of springtime dust events. BOS …
The Rise Of Brownfield Mining Is Reshaping Global Mineral Supply And Intensifying Social And Environmental Risk, Deanna Kamp, Julia Loginova, Alex M. Lechner, Michelle Li Ern Ang, Riska A. Kuswati, Muhamad Risqi U. Saputra, Corinne Unger, Anthony J. Bebbington, John R. Owen
The Rise Of Brownfield Mining Is Reshaping Global Mineral Supply And Intensifying Social And Environmental Risk, Deanna Kamp, Julia Loginova, Alex M. Lechner, Michelle Li Ern Ang, Riska A. Kuswati, Muhamad Risqi U. Saputra, Corinne Unger, Anthony J. Bebbington, John R. Owen
Geography
Global mineral demand is rising faster than supply growth, driven by efforts to scale renewable energy, transport, digital, and defense infrastructure. Yet, new mine commissioning has slowed, with production growth sustained by “brownfield” mining—expanding and intensifying extraction at existing sites. Because mine expansion is considered routine industry practice, questions about the global scale and scope of brownfielding are not prominent in public discussion or scientific research, limiting our understanding of its socioecological risks. Here, we leverage global production, exploration, and capital-expenditure data from 1998 to 2024 to uncover a decade-long acceleration in brownfield mining. We identify 366 brownfield mines, with …
The Landless Rural Workers Movement (Mst) And New Agrarian Questions In Brazil, Estavan Coca, Gustavo Oliveira
The Landless Rural Workers Movement (Mst) And New Agrarian Questions In Brazil, Estavan Coca, Gustavo Oliveira
Geography
The Landless Rural Workers Movement of Brazil (MST) primarily organized occupations of large-scale farms, forcing the redistribution of land for creation of agrarian reform settlements. In the past 20 years, however, land occupations and the establishment of new agrarian reform settlements have consistently declined, while the MST shifted strategies to strengthening existing agrarian reform settlements, increasing marketing mechanisms through government purchasing programs and direct rural–urban connections, cultivating new financial instruments, advancing agroecological transformations to strengthen production and contesting space in governance and discourse about sustainability, rural development and socio-ecological wellbeing. We argue this shift represents not an abandonment of the …
Assessing The Robustness Of Prithvi Geospatial Foundation Model For Coastal Habitat Mapping Under Data Availability And Domain Shift Scenarios, Sam Khallaghi, Rishi Singh, Rahebeh Abedi, Ronald J. Eastman, Lyndon Estes, Sujit Roy, Rahul Ramachandran, Hamed Alemohammad
Assessing The Robustness Of Prithvi Geospatial Foundation Model For Coastal Habitat Mapping Under Data Availability And Domain Shift Scenarios, Sam Khallaghi, Rishi Singh, Rahebeh Abedi, Ronald J. Eastman, Lyndon Estes, Sujit Roy, Rahul Ramachandran, Hamed Alemohammad
Geography
Self-supervised learning techniques and geospatial foundation models are garnering increasing attention within the remote sensing community, marking a pivotal shift toward more adaptable, generalizable and data efficient methodologies. Despite their growing popularity, comparative analyses between these emergent models and traditional, task-specific supervised deep learning models for tasks such as semantic segmentation remain largely unexplored. This study is formulated as a comparative analysis to scrutinize the efficacy of the finetuned Prithvi geospatial foundation models against a supervised convolutional neural network trained from scratch for semantic segmentation of mangrove forests and pond aquaculture under varying levels of data availability and domain shift. …
Legibility Grabs: Contesting Hegemony And Water Governance In Western Bahia, Brazil, Rowan A. Compton, Gustavo De L.T. Oliveira
Legibility Grabs: Contesting Hegemony And Water Governance In Western Bahia, Brazil, Rowan A. Compton, Gustavo De L.T. Oliveira
Geography
This article examines how irrigated agribusiness interests in western Bahia, Brazil, are capturing the infrastructure of water governance itself — the basin committees, digital monitoring platforms, and fee structures through which water becomes visible and governable. Drawing on Gramscian theories of hegemony and James Scott's analysis of state legibility, we develop the concept of ‘legibility grabs’ to describe how dominant actors appropriate not only resources but the institutional mechanisms that render those resources objects of governance. Based on documentary analysis and 48 interviews conducted during fieldwork in 2024–2025, we demonstrate how agribusiness has waged wars of position within participatory institutions, …
Improved Climate Services In Hawai‘I: The Collaborative Development Of Drought-Related Decision Support Tools, Ryan J. Longman, Derek Ford, Cherryle Heu, Jennifer Geis, Abby Frazier, Christian P. Giardina, James T. Potemra, Sean B. Cleveland, John J. Marra
Improved Climate Services In Hawai‘I: The Collaborative Development Of Drought-Related Decision Support Tools, Ryan J. Longman, Derek Ford, Cherryle Heu, Jennifer Geis, Abby Frazier, Christian P. Giardina, James T. Potemra, Sean B. Cleveland, John J. Marra
Geography
Rising temperatures, prolonged droughts, and increasingly variable rainfall are negatively impacting natural and cultural resources and agricultural production systems in Hawai‘i. To effectively manage resources in the face of these changes, stewards and producers now require accurate, timely, and site-specific climate data and information. However, access to such data as well as the ability to interpret available data remain limited for many sectors. In response to various needs, a team of scientists working with the Pacific Drought Knowledge Exchange (PDKE) has developed two open-source decision-support tools (DSTs) through a collaborative, user-informed process aimed at closing longstanding gaps in local climate …
A Gis Method To Analyze Trajectories Of Gross Changes Through Multiple Temporal Resolutions With An Application To Brazilian Soybean Cultivation, Thomas Mumuni Bilintoh, Robert Gilmore Pontius, Gustavo Oliveira, Julia Shimbo
A Gis Method To Analyze Trajectories Of Gross Changes Through Multiple Temporal Resolutions With An Application To Brazilian Soybean Cultivation, Thomas Mumuni Bilintoh, Robert Gilmore Pontius, Gustavo Oliveira, Julia Shimbo
Geography
Our manuscript presents Trajectory Analysis, which is a novel method to characterize patterns of gross changes during a time series of raster maps. This manuscript is our first article to elaborate on concepts and features of Trajectory Analysis that are necessary to analyze more than two time intervals. The method computes up to eight trajectories and three components of change: Quantity, Exchange, and Alternation. Quantity is the absolute net change between the two time points that bound the temporal extent. Exchange is the additional gross change between the same two time points. Alternation is the additional gross change that derives …
A Pan-Amazonian Dataset Integrating 20 Years Of Respiratory, Cardiovascular, Zoonotic And Vector-Borne Disease Cases And Landscape Changes, Julia Rodrigues Barreto, Florencia Sangermano, Ana Filipa Palmeirim, Farah Carrasco-Rueda, Benoit De Thoisy, Adrian González-Chaves, Maria Eugenia Grillet, Victoria Morpurgo-Dest, Catalina Zuluaga Rodríguez, Nerida Nadia H. Valero, Paula R. Prist
A Pan-Amazonian Dataset Integrating 20 Years Of Respiratory, Cardiovascular, Zoonotic And Vector-Borne Disease Cases And Landscape Changes, Julia Rodrigues Barreto, Florencia Sangermano, Ana Filipa Palmeirim, Farah Carrasco-Rueda, Benoit De Thoisy, Adrian González-Chaves, Maria Eugenia Grillet, Victoria Morpurgo-Dest, Catalina Zuluaga Rodríguez, Nerida Nadia H. Valero, Paula R. Prist
Geography
As anthropogenic pressures continue to impact the environment, human health is expected to be subsequently affected. This dataset provides a comprehensive view of the trends and burden of infectious diseases, along with environmental metrics, across the Amazon biome between 2000 and 2019. The dataset includes health indicators for respiratory, cardiovascular, and major zoonotic and vector-borne diseases (Chagas disease, hantavirus, cutaneous leishmaniasis, visceral Leishmaniasis, rickettsial diseases, and malaria), compiled as annual case counts at the municipal level. The innovation of this dataset lies in its unprecedented assembly of data for this transboundary biome—much of it requiring ground-level collection beyond available in …
Addressing Critiques Refines Global Estimates Of Reforestation Potential For Climate Change Mitigation, Kurt A. Fesenmeyer, Erin E. Poor, Drew E. Terasaki Hart, Joseph W. Veldman, Forrest Fleischman, Pooja Choksi, Sally Archibald, Mohammed Armani, Matthew E. Fagan, Evan C. Fricke, César Terrer, Natalia Hasler, Christopher A. Williams, Peter W. Ellis, Susan Cook-Patton
Addressing Critiques Refines Global Estimates Of Reforestation Potential For Climate Change Mitigation, Kurt A. Fesenmeyer, Erin E. Poor, Drew E. Terasaki Hart, Joseph W. Veldman, Forrest Fleischman, Pooja Choksi, Sally Archibald, Mohammed Armani, Matthew E. Fagan, Evan C. Fricke, César Terrer, Natalia Hasler, Christopher A. Williams, Peter W. Ellis, Susan Cook-Patton
Geography
Reforestation is a prominent climate change mitigation strategy, but available global maps of reforestation potential are widely criticized and highly variable, which limits their ability to provide robust estimates of both the locations and total area of opportunity. Here we develop global maps that address common critiques, build on a review of 89 reforestation maps created at multiple scales, and present eight reforestation scenarios with varying objectives, including providing ecosystem services, minimizing social conflicts, and delivering government policies. Across scenarios, we find up to 195 Mha (million hectares) are available (2225 TgCO2e (teragrams of carbon dioxide equivalent) per year total …
Real-Time Malaria Detection In The Amazon Rainforest Via Drone-Collected Edna And Portable Qpcr, Yin Cheong Aden Ip, Luca Montemartini, Jia Jin Marc Chang, Andrea Desiderato, Nicolás D. Franco-Sierra, Christian Geckeler, Mailyn Adriana Gonzalez Herrera, Michele Gregorini, Meret Jucker, Steffen Kirchgeorg, Martina Lüthi, Elvira Mächler, Frederik Bendix Thostrup, Guglielmo Murari, Marina Mura, Paola Pulido-Santacruz, Florencia Sangermano, Tobias Schindler, Claus Melvad, Stefano Mintchev, Kristy Deiner
Real-Time Malaria Detection In The Amazon Rainforest Via Drone-Collected Edna And Portable Qpcr, Yin Cheong Aden Ip, Luca Montemartini, Jia Jin Marc Chang, Andrea Desiderato, Nicolás D. Franco-Sierra, Christian Geckeler, Mailyn Adriana Gonzalez Herrera, Michele Gregorini, Meret Jucker, Steffen Kirchgeorg, Martina Lüthi, Elvira Mächler, Frederik Bendix Thostrup, Guglielmo Murari, Marina Mura, Paola Pulido-Santacruz, Florencia Sangermano, Tobias Schindler, Claus Melvad, Stefano Mintchev, Kristy Deiner
Geography
Zoonotic malaria risk at human-wildlife-environment interfaces requires surveillance that integrates signals from reservoirs, vectors and the environment. We coupled a drone-based environmental DNA (eDNA) canopy swabbing approach with portable quantitative PCR (qPCR) to detect Plasmodium DNA in situ during a 24-h field exercise in the Amazon rainforest. Drone-lowered sterile swabs into the canopy, which were then extracted and subjected to a multiplex pan-Plasmodium assay targeting five human-infecting Plasmodium species (limit of detection 0.2 parasites μL−1). Of 12 samples (10 canopy swabs, 2 field blanks; 13 total runs including repeats), one canopy swab amplified in duplicate (Ct = 28.7 and 29.23), …
Optimizing Future Cropland Allocation In A Biodiverse Savanna By Integrating Agricultural Benefits And Ecological Costs, Lei Song, Amy Frazier, Christopher L. Crawford, Anna B. Estes, Lyndon Estes
Optimizing Future Cropland Allocation In A Biodiverse Savanna By Integrating Agricultural Benefits And Ecological Costs, Lei Song, Amy Frazier, Christopher L. Crawford, Anna B. Estes, Lyndon Estes
Geography
Context: Producing sufficient food to meet a growing population while minimizing the ecological impacts of agricultural expansion is a major global challenge, particularly in biodiverse regions where cropland development threatens ecological integrity. Tanzania exemplifies this tension, as efforts to meet food security goals often conflict with the conservation of its rich ecosystems. Objectives: We aimed to optimize the spatial allocation of future cropland to balance agricultural productivity with key ecological objectives. Additionally, we evaluated alternative strategies for meeting future food demands, such as increasing cropland usage intensity and expanding high-yield crops, to reduce pressure for further cropland expansion. Methods: We …
A Gis Method To Summarize Changes Among Classes During A Time Series With An Application To Land Cover In Western Bahia, Brazil, Robert Gilmore Pontius, Antonio Victor Galvão Da Fonseca
A Gis Method To Summarize Changes Among Classes During A Time Series With An Application To Land Cover In Western Bahia, Brazil, Robert Gilmore Pontius, Antonio Victor Galvão Da Fonseca
Geography
Petabytes of raster maps exist that show numerous classes across a series of many time points. Scientists need new methods to summarize the temporal changes so scientists can understand broad patterns and have guidance for how to look deeper into particular places, trajectories, classes, and time intervals. Our manuscript addresses this need by presenting an innovative method that summarizes the temporal changes in terms of a map of four trajectories and bar charts of five components: quantity, allocation exchange, allocation shift, alternation exchange, and alternation shift. An application illustrates the method using 16 land cover classes at 7 time points …
From The Great Recession To The Post-Covid 19 Pandemic U.S. Municipal Fiscal Condition: “Austerity Urbanism,” “Pragmatic Municipalism” And On-Going Explanatory Challenges, Mark Davidson, Kevin Ward
From The Great Recession To The Post-Covid 19 Pandemic U.S. Municipal Fiscal Condition: “Austerity Urbanism,” “Pragmatic Municipalism” And On-Going Explanatory Challenges, Mark Davidson, Kevin Ward
Geography
How much did the Great Recession change U.S. municipal budgetary and fiscal governance? According to an academic literature that subsequently emerged, the period saw a combination of both change and continuity. The work offered two distinct ways to explain and understand the emerging context: austerity urbanism and pragmatic municipalism. This paper reviews these explanations with the goal of showing how and why they developed contrasting conceptualizations. We argue differing epistemological approaches underpin the two competing approaches. Understanding these differences is, we argue, critical for moving forward. The COVID 19 pandemic saw another round of changes to U.S. municipal budgetary and …
Aedes Aegypti In The City Of Córdoba: Spatial Distribution And Habitat Suitability Drivers, Elisabet M. Benitez, Florencia Sangermano, Francisco F. Ludueña-Almeida, Walter R. Almirón, Elizabet L. Estallo
Aedes Aegypti In The City Of Córdoba: Spatial Distribution And Habitat Suitability Drivers, Elisabet M. Benitez, Florencia Sangermano, Francisco F. Ludueña-Almeida, Walter R. Almirón, Elizabet L. Estallo
Geography
Background: According to the World Health Organization, dengue is among the top ten global health threats. The invasion of new sites by Aedes aegypti and their permanence depends on environmental characteristics of the site. Therefore, the objective was to understand the environmental characteristics that affect Ae. aegypti distribution in Córdoba city, Argentina. Methods: This evaluation was carried out through species distribution models, using maximum entropy modeling technique, incorporating a set of environmental variables known to influence the presence and suitability of Ae. aegypti habitats. The factors evaluated included both meteorological variables, such as minimum and maximum temperature and average precipitation, …
A Multi-Scale Approach For Integrating Species Distribution Models With Landscape Connectivity To Identify Critical Linkage Zones For African Savanna Elephants (Loxodonta Africana), Lei Song, Amy E. Frazier, Anna Bond Estes, Lyndon Despard Estes
A Multi-Scale Approach For Integrating Species Distribution Models With Landscape Connectivity To Identify Critical Linkage Zones For African Savanna Elephants (Loxodonta Africana), Lei Song, Amy E. Frazier, Anna Bond Estes, Lyndon Despard Estes
Geography
The populations of African savanna elephants have declined by an estimated 60 % since the 1970s, which can be attributed to a mixture of poaching and habitat loss. Human activities and environmental changes have caused unprecedented loss and fragmentation of elephant natural habitats, resulting in the isolation of elephant populations. Preserving habitat connectivity is thus increasingly important to conserve remaining elephants' populations and maintain ecological functions. A major challenge in large-scale connectivity modeling is data availability constraints. To tackle this issue, we developed an integrated modeling approach that leverages multiple, publicly available occurrence datasets, which vary in format and quality, …
Dynamicpatch: Method And Software For Spatially Explicit Dynamic Patch Transition Characterization, Aiyin Zhang, Robert Gilmore Pontius, Thomas Mumuni Bilintoh, Florencia Sangermano, John Rogan
Dynamicpatch: Method And Software For Spatially Explicit Dynamic Patch Transition Characterization, Aiyin Zhang, Robert Gilmore Pontius, Thomas Mumuni Bilintoh, Florencia Sangermano, John Rogan
Geography
Context: Decades of research have used spatial pattern metrics at time points, such as those in FRAGSTATS, to measure the net change of landscape configuration and composition during time intervals. However, metrics at time points fail to quantify a time interval’s gross change, which can be substantially larger than net change between two time points. The field of landscape ecology has lacked a conceptual framework and accompanying software to characterize patterns of gross change during time intervals in terms of patches that are spatially explicit with a typology that is mutually exclusive and collectively exhaustive.
Objectives: We present a new …
Analyzing The Dihedral Scattering Component Of P-Band Sar Signals For Trunk Permittivity Estimation – A Concept Study, Anke Fluhrer, Hamed Alemohammad, Thomas Jagdhuber
Analyzing The Dihedral Scattering Component Of P-Band Sar Signals For Trunk Permittivity Estimation – A Concept Study, Anke Fluhrer, Hamed Alemohammad, Thomas Jagdhuber
Geography
A new retrieval method, based on a hybrid decomposition technique and the extended (x-) Fresnel model, is proposed for estimating trunk permittivity from polarimetric P-band SAR observations. P-band SAR observations of NASA's Airborne Microwave Observatory of Subcanopy and Subsurface (AirMOSS) mission campaign are employed to test the proposed retrieval method at individual measuring stations across the U.S. between 2013 and 2015. In order to test the feasibility of the x-Fresnel model for such analyses and its sensitivity to required input parameters, a detailed sensitivity study revealed that at P-band frequencies there is a need to account for scattering losses, phase …
Equity In Unilateral Value Chain Policies: A Monitoring Framework For The Eudr And Beyond, Constance L. Mcdermott, Thomas Addoah, Tawiah Agyarko-Kwarteng, Rebecca Asare, Alex Assanvo, Mairon Bastos Lima, Helen Bellfield, Amanda Berlan, Sophia Carodenuto, Toby Gardner, Rachael D. Garrett, Caitlin Hafferty, Mark Hirons, Verina Ingram, Eric Mensah Kumeh, Joss Lyons-White, John Mason, Patrick Meyfroidt, Jasper Montana, Gustavo Oliveira, Sabaheta Ramcilovik-Suominen, Metodi Sotirov, William Thompson, Georg Winkel
Equity In Unilateral Value Chain Policies: A Monitoring Framework For The Eudr And Beyond, Constance L. Mcdermott, Thomas Addoah, Tawiah Agyarko-Kwarteng, Rebecca Asare, Alex Assanvo, Mairon Bastos Lima, Helen Bellfield, Amanda Berlan, Sophia Carodenuto, Toby Gardner, Rachael D. Garrett, Caitlin Hafferty, Mark Hirons, Verina Ingram, Eric Mensah Kumeh, Joss Lyons-White, John Mason, Patrick Meyfroidt, Jasper Montana, Gustavo Oliveira, Sabaheta Ramcilovik-Suominen, Metodi Sotirov, William Thompson, Georg Winkel
Geography
Unilateral value chain policies have recently emerged as a key strategy of international land use governance. They're part of a broader trend towards trade-based environmental policies, from corporate due diligence to sustainability certification and trade moratoria, that has been critiqued for reinforcing inequities in global trade. Such critique has been heightened by the current rise of unilateralism, whereby states impose environmental rules on imported commodities. Debates have ensued over the political legitimacy of unilateralism, the unequal distribution of its socio-economic impacts, and the need to safeguard local producers and communities. This paper informs these debates by developing and applying a …
Reflections On Preparing Regional Chapters For Nca5, Abby Frazier, Allyza R. Lustig, Michael Chang, Emile H. Elias, Renee A. Mcpherson, Victoria W. Keener, Zena N. Grecni, Henry P. Huntington, Ellen L. Mecray, Kimberly M. Wood, Kathie D. Dello, Patricia Chardón-Maldonado
Reflections On Preparing Regional Chapters For Nca5, Abby Frazier, Allyza R. Lustig, Michael Chang, Emile H. Elias, Renee A. Mcpherson, Victoria W. Keener, Zena N. Grecni, Henry P. Huntington, Ellen L. Mecray, Kimberly M. Wood, Kathie D. Dello, Patricia Chardón-Maldonado
Geography
Regional chapters in the National Climate Assessment (NCA) report provide a comprehensive synthesis of how climate change is impacting United States regions and are extensively used to support climate change decision-making by local communities and policymakers. The regional chapter author teams are tasked with assessing the climate trends, risks, and responses across a range of sectors and across a vast and diverse geography, while making content locally relevant. Regional chapters have evolved in many ways since the third NCA (NCA3), often shifting from focusing on climate stressors and hazards to addressing more diverse human-centric impacts (e.g., human health), inequities, and …
Best Practices For Applying And Interpreting The Total Operating Characteristic, Tanner Honnef, Robert Gilmore Pontius
Best Practices For Applying And Interpreting The Total Operating Characteristic, Tanner Honnef, Robert Gilmore Pontius
Geography
The Total Operating Characteristic (TOC) is an improvement on the quantitative method called the Relative Operating Characteristic (ROC), both of which plot the association between a binary variable and a rank variable. TOC curves reveal the sizes of the four entries in the confusion matrix at each threshold, which make TOC curves more easily interpretable than ROC curves. The TOC has become popular, especially to assess the fit of simulation models to predict land change. However, the literature has shown variation in how authors apply and interpret the TOC, creating some misleading conclusions. Our manuscript lists best practices when applying …
Broadening Diversity, Equity, Accessibility, And Inclusion In The Process And Development Of Climate Assessments, Eric K. Chu, Gillian Bowser, Abby Frazier, Alyssa Quintyne, Linda Shi, Pamela Mcelwee
Broadening Diversity, Equity, Accessibility, And Inclusion In The Process And Development Of Climate Assessments, Eric K. Chu, Gillian Bowser, Abby Frazier, Alyssa Quintyne, Linda Shi, Pamela Mcelwee
Geography
Comprehensive assessments of scientific knowledge are essential to inform efforts to mitigate greenhouse gas emissions and adapt to climate change impacts. The Fifth National Climate Assessment (NCA5), released in late 2023, adopted clear diversity, equity, accessibility, and inclusion (DEAI) goals and trainings, which helped diversify expert participation, broaden the types of knowledge included, and widen public engagement. This Letter, written by NCA5 authors, reflects on the impacts and limitations of these efforts and suggests specific actions to further promote collaboration, honor and recognize the knowledge of frontline communities, and guide more just and holistic climate assessments.
Prioritization Of Research On Drought Assessment In A Changing Climate, Joel Lisonbee, Britt Parker, Erica Fleischman, Trent W. Ford, Kyle R. Bocinsky, Gretel Follingstad, Abby Frazier, Zachary H. Hoylman, Amy R. Hudson, John W. Nielsen-Gammon, Natalie A. Umphlett, Elliot Wickham, Aparna Bamzai-Dodson, Royce Fontenot, Brian Fuchs, John Hammond, Jeffrey E. Herrick, Mike Hobbins, Andrew Hoell, Jacob Jones, Erin Lane, Zachary Leasor, Yongqiang Liu, Jason A. Otkin, Dennis Todey, Roger Pulwarty
Prioritization Of Research On Drought Assessment In A Changing Climate, Joel Lisonbee, Britt Parker, Erica Fleischman, Trent W. Ford, Kyle R. Bocinsky, Gretel Follingstad, Abby Frazier, Zachary H. Hoylman, Amy R. Hudson, John W. Nielsen-Gammon, Natalie A. Umphlett, Elliot Wickham, Aparna Bamzai-Dodson, Royce Fontenot, Brian Fuchs, John Hammond, Jeffrey E. Herrick, Mike Hobbins, Andrew Hoell, Jacob Jones, Erin Lane, Zachary Leasor, Yongqiang Liu, Jason A. Otkin, Dennis Todey, Roger Pulwarty
Geography
Drought is a period of abnormally dry weather that leads to hydrological imbalance. Drought assessments determine the characteristics, severity, and impacts of a drought. Climate change adds conceptual and quantitative challenges to traditional drought assessments. This paper highlights the challenges of assessing drought in a climate made non-stationary by human activities or natural variability. To address these challenges, we then identify 10 key research priorities for advancing drought science and improving assessments in a changing climate. The priorities focus on improving drought indicators to account for non-stationarity, evaluating drought impacts and their trends, addressing regional differences in non-stationarity, determining the …
Forest Carbon Modeling Improved Through Hierarchical Assimilation Of Pool-Based Measurements, Yu Zhou, Christopher A. Williams
Forest Carbon Modeling Improved Through Hierarchical Assimilation Of Pool-Based Measurements, Yu Zhou, Christopher A. Williams
Geography
Accurate assessment of forest carbon dynamics is a critical element of appraising forest-based Natural Climate Solutions. National forest inventory and analysis (FIA) data provide valuable pool-based estimates of carbon stocks, but have been underutilized to inform carbon cycle modeling for forest carbon dynamics with stand development. This study introduces a hierarchical data assimilation (HDA) framework to optimize modeling parameters by incrementally assimilating measured carbon pool data into the model. We found that most carbon stocks could be reproduced by constrained parameters after each HDA step. Using aboveground live biomass (AGB) alone in HDA was able to reproduce the AGB trajectories …
To Enhance Sustainable Development Goal Research, Open Up Commercial Satellite Image Archives, Philippe Rufin, Patrick Meyfroidt, Felicia O. Akinyemi, Lyndon Estes, Esther Shupei Ibrahim, Meha Jain, Hannah Kerner, Sá Nogueira Lisboa, David Lobell, Catherine Nakalembe, Claudio Persello, Michelle C.A. Picoli, Natasha Ribeiro, Almeida Alberto Sitoe, Katharina Waha, Sherrie Wang
To Enhance Sustainable Development Goal Research, Open Up Commercial Satellite Image Archives, Philippe Rufin, Patrick Meyfroidt, Felicia O. Akinyemi, Lyndon Estes, Esther Shupei Ibrahim, Meha Jain, Hannah Kerner, Sá Nogueira Lisboa, David Lobell, Catherine Nakalembe, Claudio Persello, Michelle C.A. Picoli, Natasha Ribeiro, Almeida Alberto Sitoe, Katharina Waha, Sherrie Wang
Geography
Observing the Earth with satellites offers clear advantages when it comes to tracking the health of the planet—consistent measurements that can be translated into environmentally relevant estimates, such as carbon, crop productivity, or land use. The resulting information covers large regions, irrespective of administrative boundaries. These measurements also drastically reduce costs compared with on-the-ground data collection efforts. Earth observation (EO) data thereby efficiently deliver timely insights that can directly inform sustainability debates, including with regard to United Nations (UN) Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). At the heart of these efforts are open data initiatives linked to the public release of medium- …
Generalization Enhancement Strategies To Enable Cross-Year Cropland Mapping With Convolutional Neural Networks Trained Using Historical Samples, Sam Khallaghi, Rahebeh Abedi, Hanan Ali Abou, Hamed Alemohammad, Mary Dziedzorm Asipunu, Ismail Alatise, Nguyen Ha, Boka Luo, Cat Mai, Lei Song, Amos Olertey Wussah, Sitian Xiong
Generalization Enhancement Strategies To Enable Cross-Year Cropland Mapping With Convolutional Neural Networks Trained Using Historical Samples, Sam Khallaghi, Rahebeh Abedi, Hanan Ali Abou, Hamed Alemohammad, Mary Dziedzorm Asipunu, Ismail Alatise, Nguyen Ha, Boka Luo, Cat Mai, Lei Song, Amos Olertey Wussah, Sitian Xiong
Geography
Mapping agricultural fields using high-resolution satellite imagery and deep learning (DL) models has advanced significantly, even in regions with small, irregularly shaped fields. However, effective DL models often require large, expensive labeled datasets, which are typically limited to specific years or regions. This restricts the ability to create annual maps needed for agricultural monitoring, as changes in farming practices and environmental conditions cause domain shifts between years and locations. To address this, we focused on improving model generalization without relying on yearly labels through a holistic approach that integrates several techniques, including an area-based loss function, Tversky-focal loss (TFL), data …
Potential 2050 Distributions Of World Terrestrial Ecosystems From Projections Of Changes In World Climate Regions And Global Land Cover, Roger Sayre, Charlie Frye, Sean Breyer, Patrick R. Roehrdanz, Paul R. Elsen, Kevin Butler, Clint Brown, Jill Cress, Deniz Karagulle, Madeline Martin, Florencia Sangermano, Regan L. Smyth, Terry L. Sohl, Nicholas H. Wolff, Dawn J. Wright, Zhouting Wu
Potential 2050 Distributions Of World Terrestrial Ecosystems From Projections Of Changes In World Climate Regions And Global Land Cover, Roger Sayre, Charlie Frye, Sean Breyer, Patrick R. Roehrdanz, Paul R. Elsen, Kevin Butler, Clint Brown, Jill Cress, Deniz Karagulle, Madeline Martin, Florencia Sangermano, Regan L. Smyth, Terry L. Sohl, Nicholas H. Wolff, Dawn J. Wright, Zhouting Wu
Geography
The urgency to address ecosystem loss is paramount, as both land use change and climate change will continue to rapidly alter and degrade natural ecosystems and reduce the many services they provide. To support conservation actions that mitigate impacts from these dual threats, we have developed potential World Terrestrial Ecosystem (WTE) distributions for 2050 following IPCC best practice guidelines. This projection of ecosystem distributions builds on the previously released 2015 WTEs, a snapshot of the distribution and conservation status of 431 terrestrial ecosystem types defined as distinct combinations of 18 global climate regions, 4 global landform classes, and 8 global …
Life Stories Of Garment Workers In India: Toward A Labor-Centric Labor Regimes Framework, Siobhán Mcgrath, Madhumita Dutta
Life Stories Of Garment Workers In India: Toward A Labor-Centric Labor Regimes Framework, Siobhán Mcgrath, Madhumita Dutta
Geography
This article contributes to a recent wave of literature formulating a renewed labor regimes framework as a means to understand the processes, relations, actors, and institutions through which conditions of work are produced under contemporary capitalism. This scholarship (partially) incorporates a feminist lens highlighting the centrality of social reproduction to the construction and persistence of particular labor regimes, and further calls for “labor-centric” analyses to counter a “capital-centric” tendency. We take up this call through analyzing the life stories of three garment workers in India, centering their own perspectives about their labor and motivations for entering and exiting particular labor …