Health Economics Commons^™

Correlative Assessment Of Demographic Markers And Health Insurance On Self-Reported Health Status, Ismat Ara Sharin Sajnee

All Graduate Reports and Creative Projects, Fall 2023 to Present

This study investigates whether known demographic groups report poorer health status even after adjusting for health insurance. Research analyzes the factors that correlate with poor reported health status and demographic markers associated with inequitable healthcare access. Sealy-Jefferson et al. (2015) explores the rate of health insurance as a primary mechanism to mitigate the financial risk of accessing health care, but significant racial and ethnic health disparities continue to exist among insured populations.

This study uses pooled cross-sectional data from the National Health Interview Survey (NHIS) from 2019 to 2023 and simple linear regression models to examine the relationship between demographic …

Strategizing Towards The Future Hospital: A Systems Thinking Approach, Ashish Kumar, Sean Shao Wei Lam, Sze Ling Chan, Yingqi Xu, Yao Ge, Geoffrey Kah Tack Gui, Hiang Khoon Tan

Research Collection School Of Economics

Background: The complex systemic nature of Future Hospital design in the rapidly ageing city-state of Singapore calls for systems thinking. We apply this approach to answer two research questions: (i) What are the variables that drive the present and future dynamics of the Future Hospital system? (ii) How are these driving variables related? Methods: Causal loop diagrams (CLDs) were developed collaboratively by a cross-functional system modelling team through group modelling discussions and reviews, totalling 20 sessions. Network analysis of the resulting CLDs was used to identify dominant variables. Results: Seven interlocking CLDs (national view, cluster view, and study hospital top …

Evaluation Of Mandibular Condyle And Coronoid Process Anomalies Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography, Rümeysa Şendişçi Gök, Bilay Stevanovic Sancar, Sevcihan Günen Yılmaz

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of condylar and coronoid process anomalies, their types, and their relationship to sex. Method: Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were retrospectively analyzed for the presence and types of abnormalities in the condylar and coronoid processes. Statistical analysis of measurement data was performed using SPSS version 22. Medical histories of the individuals were obtained from their digital dental records. Results: CBCT images of 400 individuals were included in the study. Condylar anomalies were observed in 9.5% of cases, while coronoid anomalies were found in 7.5%. All condylar anomalies were more …

Synthesis And Partial Characterization Of Chitosan Phosphorylation From Marine Cuttlefish Sepia Aculeata (Orbingy, 1848) And Its Antimicrobial Potentials Against Oral Pathogens, Yathin Reddy Putta, Annathai Pitchai, Pasiyappazham Ramasamy

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objectives: This study investigated the synthesis and partial characterization of phosphorylated chitosan extracted from the cuttlebone of Sepia aculeata (Orbingy, 1848) and evaluated its antimicrobial potential against oral pathogens. Methods: The synthesis of phosphorylated chitosan from Sepia aculeata cuttlebone involved several steps: cleaning, deproteinization, demineralization to extract chitin, deacetylation to produce chitosan, and phosphorylation to introduce phosphate groups. Phosphorylation enhances the properties of chitosan, making it a promising candidate for oral health applications. Phosphorylated chitosan was purified and characterized using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) to confirm structural changes. This process enhances …

Microstructural And Elemental Characterization Of Hydrated Carbonated Hydroxyapatite As Pulp Capping Agent: An In Vitro Study, S.Swathi Priyadharshini, Chinnasamy Ragavendran, J. Ramana Ramya, Anand Sherwood

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Understanding the microstructural and elemental composition of pulp capping materials is crucial for predicting their biocompatibility and effectiveness in promoting pulp healing. Objectives: This study aimed to characterize the microstructural and elemental properties of carbonated hydroxyapatite as a dental pulp-capping material. Methods: Carbonated hydroxyapatite was synthesized using the precipitation method. MTA and Apacal ART were obtained from commercial sources. The materials were prepared into disk-shaped specimens, hydrated in deionized water at 37°C for 14 days, and analyzed using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Results: SEM images revealed that MTA exhibited smooth, plate-like crystalline structures surrounded by …

Does Periodontal Treatment During Pregnancy Reduce The Incidence Of Preterm Birth Rates?: A Meta-Analysis Of Randomized Controlled Trials, Ashraf Elzer, Raga A. Elzahaf, Hameda Asrafel, Khalid Sassi, Mohamed Jedeh

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: To find out if scaling and root planing for periodontal disease during pregnancy lowers the incidence of preterm births. Methods: This is a meta-analysis study design; searches were conducted in the PubMed database and on Google Scholar between January 2000 and December 2023. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were considered. The studies will be examined to determine the relationship between non-surgical periodontal treatment and preterm birth rates among pregnant women. Results: Only 14 trials were included out of 194 articles identified. The overall result indicated a statistically significant reduction in preterm birth rate when we use the random …

Evaluation Of Dentistry Students' Perceptions And Attitudes Towards Artificial Intelligence In Kazakhstan, Yasin Yasa, Kubeisin Altynbekov, Nazgul Onaibekova

Journal of Dentistry Indonesia

Objective: Artificial intelligence’s (AI) potential to analyze medical data and improve patient outcomes is driving its rapid integration into healthcare systems. This study addresses the knowledge gap regarding Kazakhstani dental students’ attitudes toward AI in dentistry. Methods: A survey with 213 participants assessed dental students’ views on AI in dentistry at two Kazakhstani universities. A self-administered questionnaire (22 items) via Google Forms was used to gather data on demographics, baseline knowledge (information sources, understanding of AI principles, and familiarity with dental AI applications), and attitudes/perceptions. Frequency analyses and chi-square tests (p < 0.05) explored the responses. Results: The survey included 213 dental students (mean …

The Self-Sustainability Of Federally Qualified Health Centers, Javier Vallejo

MUSC Theses and Dissertations

This exploratory data analysis examines the self-sustainability of Federally Qualified Health Centers (FQHCs) using the 2023 Uniform Data Systems (UDS) dataset, focusing on health centers' reliance on government grants as a revenue source. FQHCs provide high-quality healthcare services to medically underserved populations; today, nearly 1 out of every 11 Americans receives some form of care at an FQHC. There is widespread variability in the delivery of care amongst FQHCs. Additionally, funding and reimbursement methodologies vary across states and geographic regions. FQHCs face challenges maintaining operational efficiency amid federal funding shortfalls, shifting reimbursement methodologies, and the lingering impact of the COVID-19 …

The Economic Factors Of Suicide, Hogan C. Fox

Honors College Theses

This study examines how macroeconomic indicators influence state‐level suicide rates in the United States and, critically, how those effects differ by gender. Drawing on annual data from all fifty states over 2010–2020, I merge age‐adjusted suicide rates from CDC WONDER with five key economic indicator: real hourly compensation, labor productivity, employment rate, median income, and logged state GD, from the Bureau of Labor Statistics, Census Bureau, and the Bureau of Economic Analysis. After comparing pooled OLS, random‐effects, first‐difference, and two‐way fixed‐effects specifications, I adopt a two-way, state‐and‐year fixed‐effects model for its superior fit and capacity to control for unobserved heterogeneity. …

Evaluating The Current State Of Quality Measure Reporting In The Merit-Based Incentive Payment System, Kinan Sawar, Geoffrey Potts Md

Medical Student Research Symposium

The Merit-Based Incentive Payment System (MIPS) requires physicians to report quality measures along with other metrics that are used to determine an annual percentage adjustment to physician Medicare Part B payments. Unfortunately, physicians have been forced to choose from an ineffective, limited set of quality measures. This has led to an overreliance on process measures, which fail to stratify physician performance effectively; it has also led to differences in the number of reporting options across specialties, resulting in unequal opportunity for physicians to succeed in MIPS. Using Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) public use file data from 2021-2024, …

Risk And Outcomes Of Pregnancy-Related Acute Kidney Injury: A Cohort In Bronx, Ny, Erica Marnet, Mayssaa Hoteit, Isbell Crevantes, Sonail Gupta, Ladan Golestaneh

Posters

Pregnancy-related acute kidney injury (PR-AKI) has been increasing in incidence and is associated with worse maternofetal outcomes. The goal of this study is to examine risk and hospitalization outcomes of PR-AKI compared to pregnancy without AKI in a low-income, minoritized population in Bronx, New York

Implementation Of Performance-Based Budgeting For Public Health Care Service Delivery In An Emerging Economy, Isaac O. Randa, Christine A. Adere

Southern African Journal of Policy and Development

This study investigates the determinants and implications of the implementation of performance-based budgeting (PBB) on public health care service delivery at the Ministry of Health and Social Services (MoHSS) in Windhoek, Namibia. Using a cross-sectional survey research design targeting 100 respondents, this study employed a quantitative research approach involving MoHSS's budgeting and health care services departments. Data were analysed using partial least squares structural equation modelling. Communication, bureaucratic structures, and implementers’ disposition significantly influenced PBB implementation alignment, thereby enhancing service delivery. However, resource utilisation showed no significant effect. Additionally, implementation alignment effectively mediated the relationship between latent exogenous variables and …

Strengthening Local Health Systems And Governance For Universal Health Coverage: Experiences And Lessons From The Covid-19 Pandemic Response In Quezon City, Philippines, Esperanza Anita Escano-Arias, Ramona Asuncion D.G. Abarquez, Rolando V. Cruz, Rosalie Espeleta, Madeline Mae Ong, Arianna Maever L. Amit, Veincent Christian Pepito, Vida Gomez, Manuel M. Dayrit

Ateneo School of Medicine and Public Health Publications

The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted the Philippines's transition toward universal health coverage. However, some local government units in the country made use of the pandemic as a catalyst to strengthen their local health system, scale-up the provision of preventive and primary care services, and improve health governance to make it more prepared to face future pandemics and realize the aims of the country's new Universal Healthcare Act. This paper describes the response of the local government of Quezon City, Philippines, to COVID-19 and how it strengthened local health systems. We also discuss enablers such as partnerships, collaborations, and foresight to …

Opioid Treatment Matters: An Analysis Of District Attorney Non-Prosecution, Samuel A. Maloney

Senior Theses

Drug use and drug overdose have become an overriding concern both for civic order and due to the raw death toll from the opioid epidemic. One reform push in the late 2010s/early 2020s, county-level District Attorneys signalling that they would not prose- cute drug use and related crimes, aimed to reduce overdose by reducing criminalization and stigma as a barrier to opioid treatment. At its peak, the policy covered between twenty and thirty million Americans. Using hand-collected data on District Attorney policies and Augmented Synthetic Control for causal identification, I estimate null ef- fects of non-prosecution policies on an urban …

Inter-Prefectural Migration Of Older Adults In The Tokyo Metropolitan Area, Katsuyoshi Nakazawa, Shinji Komatsu

Japanese Society and Culture

This study uses population migration data from the 2020 National Census to examine the migration of older adults within the Tokyo metropolitan area and between the Tokyo metropolitan area and other areas. The main results are as follows: In the Tokyo metropolitan area, both older adults aged 65–74 and those aged 75 and over move out of Tokyo to the three surrounding prefectures. This tendency was more prevalent in those aged 75 and over than those aged 65–74. Regarding migration between the Tokyo metropolitan area and other areas, the results show the opposite trend, with those aged 65–74 outflowing from …

Protecting The Future Of Medical Innovation: Balancing Fiscal Responsibility With The Need For National Institutes Of Health And Federal Health Funding, Irina Petrache, Raed A. Dweik, Michelle N. Gong, Jesse Roman, M. Patricia Rivera, Karen J. Collishaw

Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

The Nih Is A Sound Investment For The Us Taxpayer, Nicholas W. Gilpin

School of Medicine Faculty Publications

Research funded by the National Institutes of Health is essential for improving the health of Americans and developing new drugs and treatments for a wide range of diseases.

Analysis Of Systematic Trade-Offs Between Military And Healthcare Expenditure Alongside Gdp Growth Of Select Asian And Western Exporting Economies In The 21st Century, Rahul Balamurugan, Carlos Gershenson, Preethi Nanjundan, Hiroki Sayama

Northeast Journal of Complex Systems (NEJCS)

This study explores the complexity in the trade-offs between military expenditure, healthcare expenditure, and GDP growth across select Asian nations and major weapon-exporting countries, examining how nations allocate finite resources between national security and human well-being over the past two decades. Using a systems science approach, the research integrates Granger causality testing to analyze temporal and directional relationships among GDP growth, military expenditure, and healthcare expenditure, uncovering their dynamic interdependencies. The methodology includes trend and slope analysis, Granger causality testing, outlier detection, and clustering to identify heterogeneity in resource allocation strategies. Developed, weapon-exporting nations exhibit complementary trends, with strong causality …

Consumption Responses To Income Shocks Through Lottery Winning, Seonghoon Kim, Kanghyock Koh

Research Collection School Of Economics

We study the effects of lottery winning on consumption spending using newly available household survey data in Singapore. We find strong consumption responses to a transitory income shock via lottery wins. Lottery winners spend about half of their prizes within 12 months of winning. We show that consumption responses are stronger among households with more binding liquidity constraints and less risk aversion, which is consistent with the standard life-cycle model. The strong consumption response suggests that fiscal stimulus policies or other public transfer programs could be an effective means of boosting consumption spending of the economy in the short run.

Exploring Global Research Trends On Smoking And Mental Health: A Bibliometric Analysis, Martaria Rizky Rinaldi, Jelang Hardika

Jurnal Ekonomi Kependudukan dan Keluarga

This bibliometric analysis explores global trends, author productivity, institutional and country contributions, citation patterns, and thematic relationships in the literature linking smoking and mental health. Data from the Scopus database were retrieved using specific keyword combinations related to smoking and mental health, resulting in 1,782 eligible articles after filtering for research quality. The study examines publication trends, identifies high-impact studies, and maps thematic clusters in the field. Results indicate a notable increase in publications after 2000, driven by growing recognition of smoking's impact on mental well-being and the integration of mental health considerations in tobacco control policies. Thematic mapping reveals …

Status Perceraian Dan Kebahagiaan Pada Wanita Di Indonesia, Rafa Fayza Afrizal, Salsabila Yori Harmen, Friska Aulia Dewi Andini

Jurnal Ekonomi Kependudukan dan Keluarga

Women’s happiness can be influenced by various factors, including marital status. This study analyzes the relationship between marital status and women's happiness in Indonesia using pooled crossectional data from the Indonesia Family Life Survey (IFLS) wave 4 & 5 in 2007 and 2014. The probit regression method is applied to estimate the impact of marital status on the probability of happiness. Results show that widowed and/or divorced women have significantly lower probabilities of happiness than married women (p-value < 0.01). In addition, the probability of being happy for women who are divorced is higher than those who are widowed (p-value < 0.1). This study also emphasizes that education has an important role in improving women's happiness. The implications of this study suggest the importance of policy interventions to improve access to education for women, particularly for those who are socially and economically vulnerable.

Does Body Mass Index Influence Intraoperative Costs And Operative Times For Open Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion? A Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing Analysis, Danyal A. Quraishi, Advith Sarikonda, Dwight M. Self, Emily Isch, Steven R. Glener, Arbaz A. Momin, Ashmal Sami, Nicholas Clark, Joshua Pelta-Heller, Srinivas Prasad, Ashwini Sharan, Jack Jallo, James Harrop, Alex R. Vaccaro, Ahilan Sivaganesan

Department of Neuroscience Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: The increasing prevalence of obesity has raised concerns about its impact on surgical outcomes and healthcare costs. This study evaluates the influence of Body Mass Index (BMI) on intraoperative costs and operative times during open Transforaminal Lumbar Interbody Fusion (TLIF) procedures using a Time-Driven Activity-Based Costing (TDABC) approach.

METHODS: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 279 patients who underwent TLIF between 2019 and 2022. Patients were categorized into 5 BMI cohorts: healthy weight (BMI 18.5-24.99), overweight (BMI 25.0-29.99), Class I obese (BMI 30.0-34.99), Class II obese (BMI 35.0-39.99), and Class III obese (BMI >40). Intraoperative costs were calculated using …

Evaluation Of Financial Risk Protection Provided By Private Health Insurance In Malaysia, Ng Rui Jie

Student Works (2020-2029)

Private health insurance (PHI) has emerged as an alternative health financing option to public health financing, with the goal of achieving and maintaining universal health coverage. Despite its growing prominence, there is ongoing debate about the extent to which PHI contributes to financial risk protection. In Malaysia, the prevalence of PHI coverage has increased due to factors such as an expanding affluent demographic, government encouragement, and challenges in public healthcare delivery. However, there have been very limited studies assessing the financial risk protection provided by PHI in Malaysia, making this a critical gap that this research aims to address. To …

Did Medicaid Expansion Help Mitigate Self-Reported Health Issues Among People With Chronic Health Conditions During The Covid-19 Pandemic?, Rajendra Dulal, Umesh Ghimire

Pennsylvania Economic Review

Our study investigates the impact of Medicaid expansion during the pandemic, focusing on health insurance coverage and self-reported health among individuals with chronic health conditions. Utilizing 2 years of pre-pandemic and 2 years of during-pandemic data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS), we apply a difference-in-difference (DID) model to evaluate these effects. We find an increase in insurance coverage and a decrease in poor physical health days among individuals with chronic conditions in states that expanded Medicaid compared to non-expansion states. However, the impact on mental health remains inconclusive. Furthermore, we observe no significant impact of Medicaid expansion …

An Evaluation Of Nhmrc Funded Dementia And Diabetes Research, Etienne Vignola-Gagné Phd, Dmitrii Malkov, Elisabeth Browning, Jörg Hellwig Phd, Luigi Rocco Phd, Henrique Pinheiro, Alexandre Bédard-Vallée

Public Reports

This report, commissioned by the National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC), provides comprehensive insights into the research outputs, outcomes, and impacts of NHMRC-funded health and medical research in the areas of dementia and diabetes to support NHMRC's mission of ‘building a healthy Australia.’

Heat And Hardship: Energy Price Increases And Heatstroke Risks In Japan During The Global Energy Crisis, Kenshin Ueoka

CMC Senior Theses

Given the global rise in surface temperatures due to climate change, it is important to understand the interactions governing economic and behavioral responses to household heat adaptation. This study investigated the relationship between energy prices and heatstroke risks in Japan. The analysis revealed that the increase in energy prices during the 2021 global energy crisis was associated with an unexpected decrease in home heatstroke emergency room visits. This result is consistent with the Peltzman effect and moral hazard problem, as reduced economic access to air conditioning may have increased risk perception, heightening heatstroke prevention measures. The ambiguity of this result …

The Legacy Of Housing Discrimination: Asthma Disparities In California Cities, Taylor Daetz

CMC Senior Theses

This thesis examines the effect of discriminatory housing policy on current asthma rates in California cities. This study uses boundary design and propensity score methodologies to analyze asthma-related emergency department visits in census tracts with corresponding appraisal grades from the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation maps. The results indicate significantly higher asthma burdens in grade D (redlined) census tracts compared to grade C tracts, even when controlling for present-day pollution concentrations, with historically redlined tracts experiencing an average of 26.88 additional emergency department visits per 10,000 residents. The analysis further reveals disparities between grade C and B neighborhoods, suggesting that even …

Mucking Up Public Health: A Geospatial Analysis Of Agricultural Sludge Application And Cancer Prevalence In Maine, Sarah A. Bassett

Honors Theses

This study investigates the impact of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) on cancer prevalence throughout Maine. The main contribution of this project is the database constructed to examine cancer rates at a novel aggregation area: watersheds. By using a watershed as the aggregation area, this study gains insight into the threat that spreading sludge as fertilizer on agricultural fields poses to human health through groundwater pathways. Using geospatial analysis and an ordinary least squares regression model, this study estimates the effect of the presence of PFAS in a watershed from 2017 to 2021, in addition to estimating the impact of …

Exploring Dominican University Nursing Student’S Perceptions Of Economic Barriers To Accessing Essential Women’S Health Products, Annabelle E. Burke

Nursing | Student Research Posters

Access to essential feminine hygiene products, including menstrual supplies and hygiene items, is a growing economic and public health issue. Rising product prices and reliance on costly disposable products contribute to financial strain for many women. Period poverty is the lack of access to menstrual products, education, and hygiene facilities due to financial constraints, and it negatively affects women’s physical and mental health, particularly among students and low-income populations. Research shows that limited access to menstrual products affects dignity, sanitation, and emotional well-being and is compounded by social stigma and cultural silence surrounding menstruation (Brinkley & Niebuhr, 2023). Findings from …

The Impact Of Job Loss On Health-Related Outcomes During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Kelly Prawira

CMC Senior Theses

In this paper, I explore the effects of job loss during the COVID-19 pandemic on self-reported general and mental health conditions and health insurance coverage. Using Medical Expenditure Panel Survey data from 2018-2022, I evaluate the effects of job loss on these health-related outcomes by conducting a year-over-year analysis. I also examine changes in job loss effects during the pandemic by performing a difference-in-differences analysis. Overall, I find that job loss is associated with a higher likelihood of having fair or poor general and mental health, a higher likelihood to have Medicaid/SCHIP, and a lower likelihood to have private insurance. …