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Articles 1261 - 1290 of 1455
Full-Text Articles in Economics
Unemployment Insurance And Unemployment: Implications Of The Reemployment Bonus Experiments, Carl Davidson, Stephen A. Woodbury
Unemployment Insurance And Unemployment: Implications Of The Reemployment Bonus Experiments, Carl Davidson, Stephen A. Woodbury
Book Chapters
No abstract provided.
Optimal Unemployment Insurance, Carl Davidson, Stephen A. Woodbury
Optimal Unemployment Insurance, Carl Davidson, Stephen A. Woodbury
Book Chapters
No abstract provided.
Assisting Workers Displaced By Structural Change: An International Perspective, Duane E. Leigh
Assisting Workers Displaced By Structural Change: An International Perspective, Duane E. Leigh
Upjohn Press
Leigh begins by providing a summary of the evolution of labor market programs in seven industrialized countries: Australia, Canada, Germany, Japan, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the U.S. He points out that a number of these nations are dealing with long-term unemployment by linking unemployment insurance benefits to participation in labor market programs, and that this is a requirement U.S. policy makers should examine closely. Leigh also performs informal cross-country evaluations of these countries' programs,focusing on policies he feels merit attention. A three-level active labor market program is then proposed for the U.S.
Pension Incentives And Job Mobility, Alan L. Gustman, Thomas L. Steinmeier
Pension Incentives And Job Mobility, Alan L. Gustman, Thomas L. Steinmeier
Upjohn Press
Using models developed for this study which incorporate an array of behaviors generally omitted from conventional models relating backloading to turnover, Gustman and Steinmeier find that backloading plays only a slight role in explaining mobility differences associated with pension coverage. They propose that higher wages often paid at pension-covered jobs play a greater role in reducing mobility than do pensions.
Causes Of Litigation In Workers' Compensation Programs, Evangelos Mariou Falaris, Charles R. Link, Michael E. Staten
Causes Of Litigation In Workers' Compensation Programs, Evangelos Mariou Falaris, Charles R. Link, Michael E. Staten
Upjohn Press
By applying econometric analyses to case data from two states, Falaris, Link and Staten identify the economic incentives influencing the probability of litigation in workers' compensation cases, and the probability that a contested case is pursued to verdict.
Pathways To Change: Case Studies Of Strategic Negotiations, Joel Cutcher-Gershenfeld, Robert B. Mckersie, Richard E. Walton
Pathways To Change: Case Studies Of Strategic Negotiations, Joel Cutcher-Gershenfeld, Robert B. Mckersie, Richard E. Walton
Upjohn Press
The authors identify and analyze the strategies for change and techniques most often used in today's labor negotiations. Nearly gone, they say, is the traditional "arms length" approach used by negotiators in the past. Instead, modern collective bargaining is characterized mainly by divergent strategies the authors characterize as either "forcing" (highly contentious) or "fostering" (highly cooperative). A dozen detailed case studies from a variety of industries are presented that show when, why and how these strategies are used, by whom, and to what result. These cases clearly demonstrate the use of both forcing and fostering strategies, as well as their …
Permanent Job Loss And The U.S. System Of Financing Unemployment Insurance, Frank P.R. Brechling, Louise Laurence
Permanent Job Loss And The U.S. System Of Financing Unemployment Insurance, Frank P.R. Brechling, Louise Laurence
Upjohn Press
The authors reexamine the experience rating provisions in the U.S. UI system and look at its effects on both temporary layoffs and long-term permanent layoffs. For temporary layoffs, they propose a higher degree of experience rating through a restructuring of the tax code while eliminating administrative time lags between the payment of benefits and the resulting changes in taxes. Brechling and Laurence also propose experience rating as an effective means of internalizing the costs of the growing number of permanent layoffs, making the case that payroll taxes are not the ideal means of implementing experience rating in this situation. In …
Private Pension Policies In Industrialized Countries: A Comparative Analysis, John A. Turner, Noriyasu Watanabe
Private Pension Policies In Industrialized Countries: A Comparative Analysis, John A. Turner, Noriyasu Watanabe
Upjohn Press
In this comprehensive review of private pension systems in effect world-wide, Turner and Watanabe discuss the fundamental issues facing nations as they adopt and expand private pension systems. Specific policies in effect in several private pension systems are analyzed including those in nations dominating world pension assets (Japan, Germany, the U.K., and the U.S.), as is the country whose system is widely regarded as the model for developing nations, Chile. Turner and Watanabe also provide a compendium on the worldwide trends influencing pension systems and their implications for pension policy.
Program Applicants As A Comparison Group In Evaluating Training Programs: Theory And A Test, Stephen H. Bell, Larry L. Orr, John D. Blomquist, Glen George Cain
Program Applicants As A Comparison Group In Evaluating Training Programs: Theory And A Test, Stephen H. Bell, Larry L. Orr, John D. Blomquist, Glen George Cain
Upjohn Press
The authors begin with a thorough assessment of the many nonexperimental employment and training program evaluation techniques based on non-random comparison groups. These techniques typically use econometric methods to estimate the effects of employment and training programs by using comparison groups from non-program "external" sources. Then, recognizing the inherent drawbacks in these methods, Bell, Orr, Blomquist and Cain respond by reintroducing an evaluation method first implemented in the 1960s, the use of "internal" comparison groups consisting of nonparticipating program applicants. These groups include withdrawals, screen-outs and no-shows of the programs being evaluated in order to solve the selection bias problem. …
An Impact Analysis Of Employment Programs In Hungary, Christopher J. O'Leary
An Impact Analysis Of Employment Programs In Hungary, Christopher J. O'Leary
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper presents estimates of the impact of retraining and public service employment (PSE) on reemployment and earnings in the Republic of Hungary during the early phase of post-Socialist economic restructuring. Since assignment to programs resulted in groups with vastly dissimilar characteristics, impact estimates were computed using a variety of methods. Controlling for observable characteristics, retraining may have slightly improved the chances for reemployment in a non-subsidized job, but the gain in reemployment was probably not sufficient to justify the cost of retraining. However, since the durability of jobs appears to be better for those who were retrained, the long …
Wage-Rate Subsidies For Dislocated Workers, Carl Davidson, Stephen A. Woodbury
Wage-Rate Subsidies For Dislocated Workers, Carl Davidson, Stephen A. Woodbury
Book Chapters
No abstract provided.
Can Economic Development Programs Be Evaluated?, Timothy J. Bartik, Richard D. Bingham
Can Economic Development Programs Be Evaluated?, Timothy J. Bartik, Richard D. Bingham
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
The question addressed in this paper seems simple: Can economic development programs be evaluated? But the answer is not simple because of the nature of evaluation. To determine a program's effectiveness requires a sophisticated evaluation because it requires the evaluator to distinguish changes due to the program from changes due to nonprogram factors. The evaluator must focus on the outcomes caused by the program rather than the program's procedures. Evaluations can be divided into two categories--process or formative evaluations and outcome, impact, or summative evaluations. Process evaluations focus on how a program is delivered. Impact evaluations focus on the program's …
Using Performance Indicators To Improve The Effectiveness Of Welfare-To-Work Programs, Timothy J. Bartik
Using Performance Indicators To Improve The Effectiveness Of Welfare-To-Work Programs, Timothy J. Bartik
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper argues that it is feasible to develop good indicators of the performance of a particular welfare-to-work program, office, or contractor. Performance indicators can motivate local offices, contractors, and staff to be more effective in achieving the program's goals. Performance indicators can provide information on what program strategies lead to the greatest long-run success. To be most useful, performance indicators must be simple and timely and control for factors other than the program's effectiveness that influence whether welfare recipients "succeed."
Wage-Rate Subsidies For Dislocated Workers, Carl Davidson, Stephen A. Woodbury
Wage-Rate Subsidies For Dislocated Workers, Carl Davidson, Stephen A. Woodbury
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
An array of innovative policies has been suggested to address more effectively the needs of dislocated workers. In this paper, we model and simulate the impacts of a wage-rate subsidy (or salary supplement) program in which a dislocated worker who becomes reemployed would receive a payment equal to one-half the difference between the wage previously earned and the wage currently earned. The simulations are based on a search model that is institutionally rich and that provides estimates of the impacts of a wage subsidy by incorporating empirical results from the reemployment bonus experiments that were conducted in the mid- to …
Economic Development Strategies, Timothy J. Bartik
Economic Development Strategies, Timothy J. Bartik
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
This paper provides a guide to economic development policies for local government managers. Local economic development policies today include not only tax subsidies for branch plants, but also job training to provide workers to businesses, advice and support services for potential entrepreneurs, and extension services to help businesses modernize and export. To help local government managers, this paper suggests a number of guiding principles, including: local economic development should be pursued cooperatively across the local labor market; economic development programs should consider the quality of jobs created; tax subsidies are expensive per job created; development subsidies are more effective if …
A Review Of Retirement Income Policy Models, Kevin Hollenbeck
A Review Of Retirement Income Policy Models, Kevin Hollenbeck
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Public policymakers and program administrators often face decisions that impact the retirement incomes of individuals. An important question that these decision-makers may wish to address concerns the distributional impacts of the programmatic changes under consideration. Who (what population groups) would gain income and how much? Who would be unaffected? Who would lose and by how much? The question that this paper investigates is the extent to which computer models and associated policy analysis capability are available to provide decision makers with this kind of information. Specifically, the paper reviews a class of models that may be designated as retirement income …
Who Moonlights And Why? Evidence From The Sipp, Jean Kimmel, Karen Smith Conway
Who Moonlights And Why? Evidence From The Sipp, Jean Kimmel, Karen Smith Conway
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Multiple job-holding is a significant characteristic of the labor market, with approximately 6 percent of all employed males reporting a second job in 1993 (Mishel and Bernstein, 1995, p. 226). Moonlighting reflects growing financial stress arising from declining earnings, as well as an increased need for flexibility to combine work and family. Approximately 40 percent of moonlighters report taking the second job due to economic hardship. Additionally, moonlighting is a reflection of the worker's choice to pursue entrepreneurial activities while maintaining the financial stability offered by the primary job. To restate in economic terminology, moonlighting arises from at least two …
Subsidizing Increased Employment For The Urban Poor: What Labor Market Problems Might Justify It?, Timothy J. Bartik
Subsidizing Increased Employment For The Urban Poor: What Labor Market Problems Might Justify It?, Timothy J. Bartik
Conference Papers
No abstract provided.
A Reemployment Incentives Experiment In Canada: Issues In Design, Administration And Evaluation, Christopher J. O'Leary
A Reemployment Incentives Experiment In Canada: Issues In Design, Administration And Evaluation, Christopher J. O'Leary
Reports
No abstract provided.
Urban Labor Markets, Randall W. Eberts
Urban Labor Markets, Randall W. Eberts
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Urban labor markets are characterized by the spatial proximity of households and businesses, which offers firms and workers advantages that lead to more efficient markets, enhanced productivity, and greater economic success. Nevertheless, the nation's city, while generating a large proportion of the nation's wealth, houses much of the nation's economic disadvantaged workers. This paper describes the current conditions of urban labor markets and outlines a national urban policy agenda that addresses these concerns by taking into account cities' spatial dimension. The paper argues that a national urban labor policy should emphasize the effects of physical and informational proximity on growth, …
Rural Wages And Returns To Education: Differences Between Whites, Blacks And American Indians, Jean Kimmel
Rural Wages And Returns To Education: Differences Between Whites, Blacks And American Indians, Jean Kimmel
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Workers in rural areas earn lower wages than nonrural workers and previous evidence has attributed these differences to lower returns to worker characteristics. This paper builds on that data by examining racial and gender differences within the broader group of rural workers. While there is extensive evidence on both the structure of wages and the source of racial wage differentials between Whites and Blacks, there is no such evidence for those in either group living in rural areas. Nor is there much evidence in this literature for American Indians. This paper's contribution to the literature is two-fold. First, it broadens …
Mis Guidelines For Employment Law Programs In Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary, Andrew S. Targowski, W.E. Upjohn Institute For Employment Research
Mis Guidelines For Employment Law Programs In Poland, Christopher J. O'Leary, Andrew S. Targowski, W.E. Upjohn Institute For Employment Research
Reports
The guidelines presented in this report propose an efficient architecture for structuring the huge volume of information flow necessary to manage and administer the several labor market programs operated by the System of Labor Offices (SOLO). The proposal includes a recommendation for the sequence of events in developing the many parts of the system which exploits the latest technical and methodological possibilities, but recognizes the practical constraints of time and money. At the heart of the proposed automated management information system (MIS) to support planning, evaluation, and budgeting for labor market programs in Poland is a set of performance indicators. …
An Anti-Poverty Proposal For Inner-City Residents Of Kalamazoo, Timothy J. Bartik, George A. Erickcek
An Anti-Poverty Proposal For Inner-City Residents Of Kalamazoo, Timothy J. Bartik, George A. Erickcek
Reports
No abstract provided.
Workplace Literacy Programs: Why The Mismatch Between Availability And Need?, Kevin Hollenbeck
Workplace Literacy Programs: Why The Mismatch Between Availability And Need?, Kevin Hollenbeck
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Job Security V. Labor Market Flexibility: Is There A Tradeoff?, Susan N. Houseman
Job Security V. Labor Market Flexibility: Is There A Tradeoff?, Susan N. Houseman
Employment Research Newsletter
No abstract provided.
Labor Adjustment Under Different Institutional Structures: A Case Study Of Germany And The United States, Susan N. Houseman, Katharine G. Abraham
Labor Adjustment Under Different Institutional Structures: A Case Study Of Germany And The United States, Susan N. Houseman, Katharine G. Abraham
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
Like most Western European countries, Germany stringently regulates dismissals and layoffs. Critics contend that this regulation raises the costs of employment adjustment and hence impedes employers' ability to respond to fluctuations in demand. Other German labor policies, however, most especially the availability of unemployment insurance benefits for those on short time, facilitate the adjustment of average hours per worker in lieu of layoffs. Building on earlier work, we compare the adjustment of employment, hours and inventories to demand shocks in the German and U.S. manufacturing sectors. We find that, in the short run, whereas U.S. employers rely principally on the …
The 1993 Economic Impact Of The Upjohn Company On Kalamazoo County, George A. Erickcek, Christine R. Fahndrich
The 1993 Economic Impact Of The Upjohn Company On Kalamazoo County, George A. Erickcek, Christine R. Fahndrich
Reports
No abstract provided.
What Should The Federal Government Be Doing About Urban Economic Development?, Timothy J. Bartik
What Should The Federal Government Be Doing About Urban Economic Development?, Timothy J. Bartik
Upjohn Institute Working Papers
The federal government should focus its policies towards economic development on areas in which the federal government has some unique advantages. Federal policy should: (1) discourage financial subsidies to specific large firms by state and local governments; (2) expand the federal role in economic development services in which national action has some special advantages, such as developing information on foreign markets, encouraging large national banks to be more involved in economic development, supporting the development of the "Information Superhighway," and encouraging new technology development; (3) provide modest support for state and local efforts to increase business productivity through technology extension …
Kalamazoo County Education For Employment Outcomes Taskforce Presents Workplace Know-How Skills For Kalamazoo And St. Joseph Counties, Kevin Hollenbeck
Kalamazoo County Education For Employment Outcomes Taskforce Presents Workplace Know-How Skills For Kalamazoo And St. Joseph Counties, Kevin Hollenbeck
Reports
No abstract provided.
A Net Impact Study Of The Mtp Program: Briefing Guide For Presentation To Jobs Central, Kevin Hollenbeck
A Net Impact Study Of The Mtp Program: Briefing Guide For Presentation To Jobs Central, Kevin Hollenbeck
Presentations
No abstract provided.