Economics Commons^™

The Affordable Housing Crisis In New York City, Mexican Studies Institute Cuny, Hashim Abdul

Publications and Research

This paper examines the current housing crisis in The Bronx that worsened during and after the COVID pandemic. It examines social and economic factors that contribute to low home ownership and housing instability. Through a comparison with European models, the author concludes that solutions to alleviate the crisis may include rental price caps, increased Airbnb regulations and government “subsidization instead of profitability”.

Circular Economy: The 4rs Reduce-Reuse-Recycle-Recover, Kevin Hom

Publications and Research

This article summarizes the lecture presented at the Net Built 2024 conference. The lecture addresses the unsustainability of the current linear economy, characterized by the "take, make, dispose" model, in light of environmental challenges. The inefficiencies of this system lead to increased energy consumption, elevated CO2 emissions, and the exacerbation of climate change. It examines the current state of design and construction with respect to climate change and sustainable resource management. Additionally, the lecture introduces a methodology that integrates technologies and design philosophies capable of driving significant positive change. By advocating for a transformative approach to the expected lifetime of …

The Role Of Place Of Birth And Residence In Puerto Rican Health Disparities: Evidence From Disability Prevalence Among Archipelago- Vs. Mainland-Born Puerto Ricans, Mara Getz Sheftel, Frank W. Heiland

Publications and Research

Objectives: This paper provides new estimates of disability prevalence for the archipelago and mainland-residing Puerto Rican populations ages 40 and above and compares disability by place of birth and place of residence to investigate drivers of middle and older age health.

Methods: Large nationally representative samples from 2013 to 2017 American Community Survey and Puerto Rico Community Survey data are used to estimate age-specific disability prevalence for archipelago-born/archipelago-residing, archipelago-born/mainland-residing, mainland-born/mainland-residing Puerto Ricans.

Results: Mainland-born/ mainland-residing Puerto Ricans have the lowest age-adjusted disability rates and archipelago-born/archipelago-residing Puerto Ricans have the highest rates. Differences in education explain part of this disparity.

Discussion: …

Eco 11, Karen David Prof.

Open Educational Resources

This the syllabus for the ECO 11 Microeconomics course taught by Prof. David. It is a ZTC course using an OpenStax OER textbook.

Legacy Of Labour: The Impact Of Parental Occupations On Children’S Careers Choices And Income Inequality, Swapnil Landge

Publications and Research

This paper investigates how intergenerational occupational mobility and self-selection into occupations are influenced by the occupations of parents. The results demonstrate that children who pursue their parents’ occupations, particularly those in the lowest earnings percentiles, are more negatively self-selected compared to those whose parents are in the highest earning deciles. In particular, 65% of the children who pursue their parents’ occupation in Decile 1, 49% in Decile 2, 32% in Decile 3 and 26% in Decile 4 would have achieved higher productivity and earned higher earnings in high-income occupations (specifically in Decile 10 occupations). In contrast, children from high-income backgrounds …

The Cost Of The Crunch: Ethical Chocolate In New York City, Rachel J. Goldman

Capstones

Within the past few years since the Supreme Court ruled in favor Big Chocolate companies, awareness about the ethical problems with industrial chocolate continue to penetrate public consciousness. There is a rise in boutique chocolate manufacturing around New York City, but how viable is it for every New Yorker?

The Cost of the Crunch: Ethical Chocolate in New York City | by Rachel Goldman | Dec, 2023 | Medium

An Intersectional Approach To Quantifying The Impact Of Geographic Remoteness And Health Disparities On Quality-Adjusted Life Expectancy: Application To Australia, Peter Lee, Steven J. Bowe, Lidia Engel, Erica I. Lubetkin, Nancy Devlin, Lan Gao

Publications and Research

Objectives

Methods

Hispanic Empowerment In New York's Municipal Workforces, 2021, Carlos Vargas-Ramos

CUNY Centro, The Center for Puerto Rican Studies

One of the markers of political empowerment of historically marginalized groups in society is not simply the election and appointment of representatives from those groups to governmental institutions; their participation as employees and contractors in the governmental apparatus that provides services and goods to residents of towns, cities and counties also reflects the levels at which members of the community are included and represented. New York City has the largest municipal workforce in the country. New York is also one of the most socially diverse communities in the United States. Yet, as varied as New York City’s municipal workforce is, …

Pervasive Poverty In Puerto Rico: A Closer Look, Carlos Vargas-Ramos, Laura Colon-Melendez, Jorge Soldevilla-Irizarry, Damayra Figueroa-Lazu, Jennifer Hinojosa, Yarimar Bonilla

CUNY Centro, The Center for Puerto Rican Studies

On November 15, 2022, the U.S. House of Representatives Subcommittee on Housing, Community Renewal, and Insurance held a hearing entitled “Persistent Poverty in America: Addressing Chronic Disinvestment in Colonias, the U.S. Territories and the Southern Blackbelt.” Dr. Yarimar Bonilla, then CENTRO’s director, provided testimony concerning Puerto Rico and other U.S. territories. These jurisdictions the subcommittee focused on have historically had high rates of poverty, higher relative to other places in the United States. Puerto Rico’s poverty and overall economic conditions have fluctuated over the decades taking a clear turn for the worse beginning in 2006 with an enduring economic crisis, …

Essays In Health Economics, Chuxin Liu

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

In Chapter 1, I investigate the effect of a financial incentive from the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) on new medical procedure technology diffusion. I examine how the incentive affects diffusion among Medicare patients, for whom hospitals receive the incentives, and non-Medicare patients for whom there are no incentives. I answer these two questions by studying the New Technology Add-on Payment (NTAP) program offered by Medicare (Part A). It is unknown whether its incentive is enough to encourage diffusion under the prospective payment system and it also remains unknown whether it spills over to non-Medicare patients or crowds …

Understanding The Impact Of Incentive-Driven Changes In Hospital And Physician Practice Styles, Ke Zeng

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation consists of three chapters that investigate impact of incentive changes on hospital and physician practice styles, as well as patient outcomes.

In an effort to curb the escalating healthcare expenditure, the Center for Medicare \& Medicaid Innovation has introduced several alternative payment models, which have garnered significant attention in numerous studies with varied findings. This first chapter introduces the focal point of this thesis, namely the Comprehensive Care for Joint Replacement (CJR) model, and provides a review of pertinent studies that have examined this model and related areas. Specifically, this chapter reviews and summarizes the findings from studies …

Skilled Workers’ Mobility And Attrition: The Case Of Florida Emergency Medicine Physicians, Vassina Hassane Meite

Theses and Dissertations

Emergency medicine (EM) physicians constitute the front line of healthcare providers. They work swiftly to address critical situations, diagnose illnesses, and stabilize patients. Amidst a growing need and shortage of EM physicians, this longitudinal descriptive study captures EM physicians’ preferences for practice locations by studying Florida EM physicians’ relocation patterns between 2006 and 2020. Esti- mates from a Cox Proportional-Hazards model and fixed effects logistic regressions suggest that wage amenities are not a strong determinant of relocation over time. Physician attrition and relocation are instead more saliently affected by high work volumes within the EM physician’s primary work location.

Shifting Frontiers Economic Consequences Of The Polish Partitions, Andrew J. Fox

Theses and Dissertations

This thesis uses spatial regression discontinuity design to examine the impacts of historical border changes on economic development in modern Poland. Positive effects on institutions and infrastructure are found in the Austro-Hungarian zone of the Polish partition, while the Prussian zone suffer negative consequences due to 20th-century destruction and post-war expulsions.

Principles Of Financial Management Chapter 1 - 4, Dorina Tila

Open Educational Resources

This work includes a teaching material that could be the embryonic stage of a textbook for a Principles of Financial Management course.

Principles of Financial Management is a course that introduces you to key financial concepts and the application of financial analysis in making sound business decisions. Topics covered are time value of money, risk and rates of return, asset valuation, capital budgeting, and capital structure, and more. At the end of the course, you will gain an understanding of financial assets, financial markets, financial intermediaries, and the banking system. You will also be able to understand financial statements (i.e., …

Essays On Structural Transformation And Inequality, Yaoqi Lin

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Chapter 1: In this chapter, I replace the Cobb–Douglas production function in Acemoglu and Guerrieri (2008) with a two-sector model using the CES production technology to analyze how the U.S. capital deepening process must cause unbalanced growth. The U.S. economy is classified into labor- and capital-intensive sectors. My model shows that due to the difference in the two sectors' elasticities of substitution between capital and labor, capital deepening leads to a growing concentration of labor in the labor-intensive sector, but a continuous reallocation of capital away from this sector. This causes sector outputs to increase at different rates. Combined with …

Essays On Tax Impacts On Corporate Finance, Corporate Governance And Regional Disparity, Mei Li

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation consists of three chapters that cover topics on tax impacts on corporate finance, regional disparity and corporate governance.

Chapter 1 - How Do Net Operating Loss Carryforwards Affect Tax Impact on Corporate Capital Structure? This paper examines the impact of net operating loss (NOL) carryforwards on the tax implications of corporate capital structure. Leveraging the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (TCJA), the largest tax reform in four decades, this paper investigates the effect of NOL carryforwards on firms' sensitivity to tax reforms. As NOL carryforwards have become increasingly significant since 2000, but not widely researched due …

Economic Factors And Theories Of Decline And Reform In The Late Ottoman Empire C. 1789–1911, Peter S. Gomori

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Tribes of Turkish speaking people (“Turks”) migrated in the 11th century from the Central Asian Steppes to what we consider the Middle East. Over the next two centuries this community would expand north, west and south to form a vast empire: the Ottoman Empire. Possibly the peak of the size of this empire would probably occur during the 16^th century under the rule of the Sultan, Suleiman the Magnificent (1494- 1566) where the population of the Ottoman Empire was estimated to be up to 30 million. Yet there would be rivals. To the East was the Safavid Empire (today …

Self-Employment Industry Selection: An Evaluation Of Wealth And Demographics On Industry Choice In The U.S., Samuel Ramirez

Theses and Dissertations

This paper evaluates the impact of financial resources and demographics on industry choice by self-employed business owners. I use a multinomial logistic regression to estimate the probability of having a business in a particular industry. The results suggest that entry into industries are hampered by financial constraints and social barriers.

Does Low-Income Housing Change Neighborhoods? Evidence From The Low Income Housing Tax Credit Program, Maria Dikler

Theses and Dissertations

This paper examines how LIHTC developments affect a census tract's characteristics. The results indicate that tracts with LIHTC developments have increased education, poverty, diversity, renters, and multi-family buildings. These tracts also have decreased household incomes and rents. However, the study reveals no significant effects on labor force participation or employment.

The Effect Of Google Fiber On Incumbents' Average Broadband Speed, Erick J. Solis

Theses and Dissertations

Broadband speeds have important effects on firms and households. Using data from the FCC ``Form 477" database, the Census Planning database, and Google's solicitation to communities interested in high-speed internet (Google Fiber RFI), I estimate the effect of Google Fiber rollout on internet download speeds offered by incumbent firms to consumers. I implement a difference-in-difference approach using census Metropolitan Statistical Areas as my definition of a broadband market. My approach captures both the direct and spillover effects of Google Fiber rollout. My findings show that average incumbents’ speed is 20 percent higher in markets where Google Fiber entered; the results …

Heterogeneous Effects In The Prospects Of Upward Mobility Hypothesis: The Roles Of Risk And Political Beliefs., Nathaniel Badalov

Theses and Dissertations

I test for heterogenous effects in the Prospects of Upward Mobility (POUM) hypothesis framework. This framework suggests that individuals who are poorer than average but expect to become richer than average support less redistribution. Using a survey of households in primarily transition economies - Life in Transition Survey (LiTS2) and ordered logistic regression, I test whether the POUM effect is influenced by the riskiness of the individual's environment or political beliefs. The results suggest that the POUM effect holds independent of the riskiness of the environment but is conditional on political beliefs. The prospects of upward mobility decrease redistributive support …

Stock Splits And Corporate Peer Effects, Albert J. Saad

Theses and Dissertations

We find that a company’s decision to execute a stock split is affected by the number of stock splits carried out by its peers. Through the use of a broad peer group construction methodology, we also reveal the presence of asymmetric effects with regard to companies of different market capitalization size. In the periods of 1983–1996 and 1997–2009 we find that firms are more likely to split their stock if more of their peers have recently done so. However, in the period of 2010–2019 we see that the opposite is true. These results provide further evidence on social learning from …

The Effects Of Lower Speed Limits On Fatalities And Serious Injuries, Naufa Nuha

Theses and Dissertations

Responding to concerns about road safety, New York City passed a law called Vision Zero in 2014 that progressively decreased all local road speed limits to 25 miles per hour. This was in an effort to increase road safety from collisions. Starting a year prior to Vision Zero, the city started lowering speed limits in certain high-risk roads. I use data on accidents from New York City Open Data to examine the effect of reducing speed limits in Manhattan. The analysis exploits the implementation of lower speed limits on some roads prior to 2014 that provides a quasi-experimental design. Estimates …

Dimensionality Reduction Techniques In Macroeconomic Analysis, Abigail Rogot

Student Theses and Dissertations

Over the past several decades, rapid innovation in data collection methods and technology has led to the development of dimensionality reduction techniques when dealing with a large number of predictors and time series observations. Especially relevant to the field of economics, many macroeconomic indicators rely on processing vast sets of data, often dealing with variables of different frequencies. Broadly, monetary policy is influenced by real-time evaluations of current and future economic conditions, meaning that lags in re- leases produce incomplete datasets. This paper closely examines the development and applications of two popular dimensionality reduction techniques: Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and …

Bearer Negotiable Instruments: Addressing A Financial Intelligence Gap And Identifying Criminogenic Weaknesses, Hollis B. Kegg

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

Bearer Negotiable Instruments (BNI) are a long-standing category of financial instruments used to transfer large amounts of money in ways that may not be subject to regulation, reporting, tracking, review, or oversight. There is limited information available on BNIs, and no evidence that any studies have been undertaken on BNIs alone, much less reported. Increasingly, BNIs are being used for illegal purposes including money laundering. This study gathers information about their characteristics, nature, purpose, legal status, and numbers. It also focuses on the crime risks associated with BNIs, the crime opportunities they facilitate, and the criminal weaknesses in the financial …

Essays On Entrepreneurship, Yoshiko Oka

Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects

This dissertation explores the determinants of successful entrepreneurship and entrepreneurial entry. It consists of three chapters.

Chapter 1 estimates the effect of regional concentrations of related industrial firms and business owners' cognitive and non-cognitive traits on their business survival. Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth 1979 and the County Business Patterns, I find that incorporated businesses that operate in a location where similar businesses are clustered together have a significantly higher chance of survival. However, the effect of location appears to be insignificant for unincorporated businesses. On the other hand, the results show that businesses that are …

The Effects Of The Social Security Amendments Of 1983 On Employment Status, Alcohol Consumption, And Depression, Adam J. Delgenio

Theses and Dissertations

Nearly four decades ago, Congress passed the Social Security Amendments of 1983. The changes were significant, and they pressured people to delay retirement. In this thesis, I use individual-level data from the Annual and Social Economic Supplement of the Current Population Survey and the Health Retirement Study to analyze the effects of the amendments. The amendments affect individuals at the same age, but across different years. Year of birth determines treatment by the amendments. I control for year of birth and age effects in a difference-in-difference model and interact treatment with age to identify the effects of the amendments on …

Effects Of The Raising The Minimum Legal Purchasing Age For Tobacco On Cigarette, Cocaine And Inhalant Consumption, Ahmed Adil

Theses and Dissertations

Over the past few years, several states have passed laws that increase the minimum legal purchasing age (MLPA) for tobacco from 18 to 21 years. This study examines the impact of statewide MLPA laws on youth tobacco consumption. Using data from the 2009-2019 Youth Risky Behavior Surveys (YRBS) and a difference-in-differences approach, I find that the enactment of MLPA laws is associated with a decrease in tobacco usage among adolescents. I also find that MLPA laws have important spillover effects to other youth risky behaviors. MLPA law adoption is associated with a reduction in cocaine use and inhalant abuse.

Quisqueya In Borinquen: A Socioeconomic Profile Of The Dominican Population In Puerto Rico, 2023, Ramona Hernandez, Francisca L. Rivera-Batiz, Sidie S. Sisay

Publications and Research

This research report provides a comprehensive analysis of the current socioeconomic status of the Dominican population in Puerto Rico, examining changes over time using data from the U.S. Census for Puerto Rico and the Puerto Rico Community Survey.

Information, Communication, And Technology In Developing Countries: The Impediment To Nigeria Economic Growth, Fatima Ali Muhammed

Dissertations and Theses

Technological revolution has shifted the world to a post-industrial society as information communication and technology (ICT) govern the centrality of human interaction. ICT has become widely influential at all levels of life, especially socially and economically.

In the 21st century, innovative technologies have become a crucial element of accelerating all factors of production to deliver rapid and effective results in every sector of the economy. The Internet, as a component of ICT, has become the global computing network that facilitates the access, analysis and dissemination of infinite information rapidly using advanced technology.

Policy makers, researchers, business leaders, academics are all …