Counselor Education Commons^™

Experiential Learning In School Counselor Preparation: Supporting Professional Skill Development, Jennifer S. Barna

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Professional standards require school counselor educators to prepare students to competently perform the many necessary skills of a school counselor. Integration of experiential learning activities into existing pre-fieldwork school counseling courses supports both skill development and standard compliance. A framework for planning, implementing, and evaluating this classroom pedagogy is detailed.

Counselor Educators’ Integration Of Wellness With Doctoral Students Within Cacrep-Accredited Programs, Jeremiah T. Stokes, Quentin Hunter

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

The purpose of this phenomenological study was to explore seven counselor educators’ experiences integrating wellness during the teaching and training of doctoral students in CACREP accredited counselor education programs. Themes associated with specific teaching modalities, wellness needs of doctoral students, and counselor educators’ own wellness practices are discussed.

Rural Community Dynamics: Implications For School Counselors, David J. Bright

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Research shows that rural students face increasing challenges to academic, social-emotional, and career success. An understanding of student culture, background, and needs is required for a school counselor to advocate for all students. Research into the needs of rural students is lacking when compared to other populations. Research suggests that poverty, geographic isolation, cultural isolation, lack of school and community resources, and barriers to educational success as factors influencing the development and success of rural students. This article reviews the available literature and provides implications for rural school counseling practice and future research.

Examining The 2016 Cacrep Standards: A National Survey, Huan-Tang Lu, Yegan Pillay

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

The U.S Department of Education and the Council for Higher Education Accreditation (CHEA) both recognize national, regional, and programmatic accreditors across the country. However, there is a lingering question about whether accreditation is linked to the quality of education. In an effort to address this question, we conducted a study to examine the accreditation standards of the Council for Accreditation and Related Educational Program (CACREP). Based on the paucity of existing empirical studies specific to the CACREP accreditation standards, we developed a national survey to gather faculty members’ perceptions of the relevance and clarity of the accreditation standards for counselor …

Exploring Counselor Educator Dispositions Related To Teaching, Kara M. Hurt-Avila, Casey A. Barrio Minton, Edward T. Dunbar Jr.

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This study explores students’ preferences for counselor educator (CE) teaching dispositions. Forty-eight counselor education students completed a Q sort and answered post-sort qualitative questions. The study found four types of student preferences: a focus on experiential teaching, a focus on content and affect orientation, a focus on the educator-student relationship, and a focus on developing clinical skills. Also among the findings are a set of items that were unanimously unimportant to the participants: CE engagement in research and gatekeeping. These preferences are situated within the scholarship of teaching and learning and evidence-based practices in counselor education. Practical and research implications …

Social Media Policy For Counselor Education Programs, Jared S. Rose, Robin Dufresne, Allison Arnekrans, Leslie Neyland

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

In light of the American Counseling Association’s ACA Code of Ethics (2014) addressing the use of social media in the counseling profession, counselor education programs must prepare to properly monitor their professional social media use. Social media is defined, followed by a review of types and uses of social media. The authors discuss a process for developing a social media policy for counselor education program including reviewing the relevant literature and ethical considerations. A suggested policy is included for counseling programs to consider. Keywords: counselor education, social media, ACA Code of Ethics

Integration Of Trauma Based Education In Counselor Education, Stevie Vanausdale, Jacqueline M. Swank

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

In recent years, there has been growing awareness of the widespread prevalence of trauma experiences. Knowledge of the prevalence and effect of trauma has led to a greater need for counselors to be competent and confident in working with clients’ trauma; therefore, a needs exist for counselor educators to prepare students for trauma work. Improving competency and self-efficacy among counselors-in training may lead to better client outcomes and prevent vicarious trauma. The authors provide a brief overview of the prevalence of trauma and the importance of trauma training. Then, they discuss ways counselor educators can infuse trauma education within five …

Selecting A Theoretical Orientation: A Constructivist Grounded Theory Study With Counselors-In-Training, Dayna M. Watson, John Super

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

No abstract provided.

Managed Care Organizations In Counseling Practice, Research, And Education, Carol Seehusen, Roseina Britton, David Duys

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This article examines the role managed care organizations (MCOs) have in the counseling profession. Ethical dilemmas present in working with MCOs are discussed as they apply to clinical practice and clinical decision making. Implications and potential solutions are explored, as well as a discussion on the limitations of current research and prospective future research suggestions on the effect MCOs have on the counseling profession. Counselor education considerations are also discussed. Specific American Counseling Association (ACA) standards are included throughout the article where applicable.

Training Issues Related To Touch In Counseling, Jonathan D. Wright

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Touch is considered by many to be the most important of the five senses for optimal human development and has been used in healing and medical practices throughout history. Touch also plays a key role in human communication but maintains a position detached from other forms of verbal and nonverbal communication within the field of counseling. Most counselors receive little training in the role of touch in counseling, and there are no ethics codes specific to the use of touch available to guide counselors. The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of historical and current issues related …

Counselor Professional Identity Development In Cacrep And Non-Cacrep Accredited Programs, Melanie Person, Curtis Garner, Michelle Ghoston, Connie Petersen

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Through increasing the strength and understanding of counselor-in-training professional identity development, the profession as a whole gains credibility and a place within mental health treatment. This study sought to determine CACREP’s impact on professional identity development of counselors-in-training. Results indicate that individuals who attended a CACREP-accredited Master’s program had significantly higher overall scores on the Professional Identity Scale in Counseling (PISC) (Woo & Henfield, 2015), but not in all subscales. Implications support continued promotion of CACREP involvement in the training of counselors.

Applying Markov Chain Analysis To Supervisory Interactions, Dan Li, David K. Duys, Darcy Haag Granello

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

In this study, we explored transitional dynamics (i.e., movement patterns between six common supervision events) of the supervision process using transcripts of 20 actual supervision sessions in naturalistic settings. Specifically, we first proposed an events-based framework to conceptualize the supervision process. We then provided a step-by-step protocol to perform Markov chain analysis, which is an innovative and useful means to study ongoing processes. Next, we identified transitional dynamics of the entire sample and then detected statistically different verbal interactional patterns for the dyads with longer or shorter trainee experience. Results of this study provided insights on supervision process features for …

The Research Self-Efficacy, Interest In Research, And Research Mentoring Experiences Of Doctoral Students In Counselor Education, John T. Petko, Stephen A. Sivo, Glenn W. Lambie

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Doctoral programs in counselor education are believed to be developing effective researchers, yet there are few studies that examine the research constructs within counselor educator programs. The purpose of this study is to investigate a national sample of doctoral counselor education students’ research quality by measuring three constructs: 1) research self-efficacy, 2) interest in research and 3) research mentoring. A cross-sectional, correlational research design was used to test if doctoral students programs could predict these constructs. Also, the study investigated whether students’ research practices, (e.g., publishing refereed journal articles, et al.) correlated with their response levels.

Keywords: counselor education and …

Are Counselors Prepared? : Integrating Trauma Education Into Counselor Education Programs, Seriashia Chatters, Peihsuan Liu

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Due to the high prevalence of traumatic events, counselors are likely to have clients with histories of trauma. Counselors need to be prepared to work with trauma-related issues. The Council of Accreditation of Counseling & Related Educational Programs supports the importance of trauma education in the 2016 CACREP standards. Due to the 60 credit hour requirement of counselor training programs, the authors suggest that counselor educators integrate trauma education throughout Counselor Education curricula as opposed to creating a whole course. This article elucidates the need of integrating trauma education in counseling graduate programs, and provides suggestions regarding how counselor educators …

The Effect Of Affect: Krathwohl And Bloom’S Affective Domains Underutilized In Counselor Education, J Scott Nelson, Debra A. Pender, Charles E. Myers, Donna Sheperis

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Bloom's (1956) Taxonomy cognitive domains have proven useful for decades. Counselor educators are experts in affect, and yet most are unfamiliar with Bloom's affective domains that correspond to the cognitive domains. The affective domains focus on attitudes and values that can help counselor educators assist students to more successfully navigate Bloom's cognitive process by harnessing the effect of affect through combining Bloom's affective and cognitive domains. Since Bloom's cognitive domains are already widely and effectively utilized, perhaps it is time for counselor educators, the experts in affect, to use the affective domains in conjunction with the cognitive domains as initially …

Integrating Intersectionality Into Clinical Supervision: A Developmental Model Addressing Broader Definitions Of Multicultural Competence, Jennifer H. Greene, Paulina S. Flasch

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Intersectionality addresses multiple areas of diversity while considering areas of power, privilege, marginalization, and oppression. Intersectionality as a theory has gained recognition and utilization in multiple fields, including counseling. Intersectionality can and should be utilized in counseling supervision while maintaining a focus on the development of counselors in training. Intersectional supervision is a part of social justice work, the “fifth force” in counseling. The authors provide context for intersectionality as a theory and apply intersectionality to the multiple roles that supervisors take on in the context of supervision. Potential impact on clients is discussed. Suggestions for specific supervision techniques and …

Epistemological Issues In Counselor Preparation: An Examination Of Constructivist And Phenomenological Assumptions, Brett D. Wilkinson, Gary Shank, Fred Hanna

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This article clarifies how the epistemological issues of belief justification and truth values relate to counselor preparation methods. Exploring constructivism and phenomenology in detail as well as aspects of positivism relevant to counselor education, we highlight how specific philosophical assumptions about student learning inform counselor education. We propose that counselor educators and researchers may benefit from exploring phenomenology as a supplementary instructional approach to constructivism.

Why Grant Writing And Research Matters In Counselor Education: Advancing Our Discipline, Megan E. Delaney, Sandy Gibson

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This study outlines findings from an online survey gauging counseling faculty (N = 174) on their experience with grant funding. Results indicate that faculty, especially junior faculty, lack experience and desire knowledge in grant-writing skills. A discussion on why grant funding is important to the future of counseling is included.

Counselor Educators’ Internal Experiences Of Gatekeeping, Victor Chang, Deborah Rubel

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Counselor educators practice gatekeeping to graduate only students who are ethical and competent, yet students with problems of professional competence (PPC) continue to graduate. Gatekeeping challenges include personal, pedagogical, administrative, ethical, and legal concerns, and gatekeeping has been characterized as a taxing emotional and social process. Specific knowledge about counselor educators’ internal experiences during gatekeeping is limited. Researchers asked how do counselor educators experience their internal reactions during gatekeeping processes for PPC? Researchers interviewed counselor educators about their gatekeeping experiences and analyzed data using grounded theory methods. The authors propose a grounded theory of striving to be an effective gatekeeper …

Leadership And Gender: School Counselors’ Experiences Of Girls’ Leadership In Secondary Schools, Jennifer H. Greene, Cheryl L. Fulton, Maria Haiyasoso, Sarah M. Blalock

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

There has been a proliferation of girls’ leadership programs to stymie the leaking pipeline of women’s leadership and resulting gender leadership gap. School counselors are advocates and change agents in the schools and play a key role in student development and leadership programming. School counselors’ training in their counseling programs may impact their support and assessment of girls’ leadership programming. This phenomenological research utilized the open-ended questions of an online survey to understand school counselors’ experiences of girls’ leadership. The themes, (a) Formal Approach to Girls’ Leadership, (b) Informal Approach to Girls’ Leadership, (c) No Girls’ Leadership, and (d) Non-Gender …

Preparing 21st Century Counselors And Healthcare Professionals: Examining Technology Competency And Interprofessional Education Comfort, Kaprea F. Johnson

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Healthcare professionals are expected to work in interprofessional teams while also communicating distantly with these team members through telehealth platforms to improve patient care. This study sought to understand how comfort with technology, interprofessional education, and collaboration was perceived by graduate students in counseling, dental hygiene, nursing, and physical therapy. A quantitative investigation with N=111 students resulted in comfort with technology among all groups but there were significant differences among the allied health professions regarding positive professional identity and willingness to engage in teamwork and collaboration. The data revealed that both preparation, rationale for interprofessional work, and placement of interprofessional …

Counselor Educators’ Experiences Of Gatekeeping In Online Counselor Education Programs, Amy Gilbert, Anita A. Neuer Colburn, Sherry Todd, Kathie Erwin

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Counselor educators serve as gatekeepers by ensuring that only those students who meet standards of competence enter the counseling field. This qualitative study explored the gatekeeping experiences of seven counselor educators in online Master’s-level counseling programs. The resulting themes offer implications for counselor education, administration, and research.

The Relationship Between Empathy And Theoretical Orientation Of Counselors-In-Training, Elizabeth Manzano Boulton, Eric Davis

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This study examined the relationship between theoretical orientation and empathy levels of a group of 166 counselors-in-training. Participants’ responses to the Toronto Empathy Questionnaire (TEQ) and the Theoretical Evaluation Self-Test (TEST) were collected and analyzed. Only individual items from the TEQ were found to have a relationship with the theoretical orientation inclination responses on the TEST. However, a trend between humanistic theories and counselors-in-training theoretical orientation inclination seems to exist. The study concluded that counselors-in-training might need to develop self-awareness before selecting a theoretical orientation that fit. Incongruences were found between theoretical orientation selected in the demographic questionnaire and the …

Experiences Of Spanish Speaking Counseling Students: Implications For The Profession, Melissa Alvarado, Eunice Lerma, Javier Cavazos Vela, Autumn Wright

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Due to the rise of predominate Spanish-speaking individuals in the United States, there is an increased need to provide bilingual counseling services. Understanding the experiences of bilingual counseling students is imperative for the training of bilingual counselors and overall service delivery. The purpose of this qualitative study was to understand the experiences of students who provide counseling services in Spanish yet trained in an English-language counselor education program. This study attempted to expand and specify the unique challenges and needs of this student counselor population. Analyses revealed that there are some unique challenges in bilingual counseling service delivery. Four overarching …

Consequences Of Sexism In Counselor Education: A Collective Analytic Autoethnography, Michael P. Chaney, Alcia A. Freeman, Jennifer Boswell, Stephanie Crockett, Erin Binkley

The Qualitative Report

In this article we used collective analytic autoethnography to explore experiences and perceptions of sexism among five counselor educators. Based on analysis of narrative data, we introduced a model that illustrates how sexism was experienced and given meaning by participants. Sexist events lead to positive (empowerment, sexism externalization, advocacy, and relationships with others) and negative (low self-confidence, internalized sexism, negative affect, institutional sexism) consequences within their personal and professional lives. Implications of this model are discussed and directions for future research are presented.

Person-Centered Supervision: A Realistic Approach To Practice Within Counselor Education, Lindsay P. Talley, Leslie Jones

Teaching and Supervision in Counseling

In a counselor’s development, supervision is a necessary and integral part of the process to forming a professional counseling identity. Just as multiple counseling theories exist to provide a conceptual framework for the process, so too do multiple supervision theories exist to help guide the supervision experience. Based upon the work of Carl Rogers, a person-centered approach to supervision centers on two main themes: the process and the relationship (Rice, 1980). Throughout this article, the themes of process and relationship as well as the fit of person- centered supervision within a counselor education program are explored. A case example is …

Evaluation Of A Youth Suicide Prevention Course: Increasing Counseling Students’ Knowledge, Skills, And Self-Efficacy, Laura L. Gallo, Diana M. Doumas, Regina Moro, Aida Midgett, Sherise Porchia

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Adolescent suicide rates continue to rise within the United States. This study evaluated a Youth Suicide Prevention course in a Master’s in Counseling Program. Participants reported increases in knowledge and perceived ability to help suicidal clients post-training and in suicide prevention skills and suicide assessment and intervention self-efficacy at the 3-month follow-up. Implications for counselor education programs, such as using both experiential and didactic teaching methods, as well as timing suicide training before practicum, are discussed.

Developing Authentic Problem Solving Skills In School Counselors-In-Training Through Problem Based Learning, Phillip L. Waalkes, Daniel A. Decino

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

According to the American School Counseling Association’s school counseling competencies and the Council for Accreditation of Counseling and Related Educational Program’s standards, school counselors should have skills, abilities, and attitudes to address complex and authentic problems in their practice. Yet, school counselors often do not feel prepared by their preparation programs in being able to address the realities of their practice. Problem Based Learning activities, such as the one proposed in this article, may help school counselors-in-training develop the skills in internship supervision to address complex problems they will face in their future work. Implementation guidelines, a case example, and …

Teaching Ethical Decision-Making In Counselor Education, Dana H. Levitt, Connie S. Ducaine, Kimberly Greulich, Kelly Gentry, Lisa Treweeke

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

How and when counseling graduate students are taught to apply ethical codes and principles varies. In this article the authors review foundational concepts and proposed practices for ethics education in graduate counseling programs. The authors present strategies for teaching ethical decision-making that focus on the intersection of personal values, principle and virtue ethics, and self-reflection. Recommendations are provided for content delivery and activities and assignments that encourage self-reflection of values in conjunction with the application of decision-making skills and models. Implications for future research are addressed.

Parallel Process Of Professional Identity Development During Clinical Supervision, Nancy E. Thacker, Joel F. Diambra

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Counselors-in-training (CITs) and counselor educators-in-training (CEITs) have a similar need to develop professional identities that are genuine to self and congruent with the counseling and counselor education professions. As CITs and CEITs enter their respective professional roles, they experience a parallel process of professional identity development (PID). This parallel process can be used as a tool to promote PID during clinical supervision. The authors will explore the PID processes of CITs and CEITs, consider their mutual influence on each other’s growth in clinical supervision, and provide a case study application with suggestions for supervision practice that fosters mutual PID.