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Counselor Education

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Articles 181 - 210 of 299

Full-Text Articles in Counselor Education

Counselor Educator, Supervisor, And Practitioner Perspectives On Distance Counseling And Telemental Health Training And Practice, Heather C. Robertson, Ryan Lowell Sep 2021

Counselor Educator, Supervisor, And Practitioner Perspectives On Distance Counseling And Telemental Health Training And Practice, Heather C. Robertson, Ryan Lowell

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

As distance counseling and telemental health practices continue to grow, it is unclear how counselor training programs are responding to the change or how frequently supervisors and practitioners utilize distance modalities. Counseling professionals (N =103) were surveyed to examine their perceptions of distance counseling training and practice. Respondents indicated multiple roles as Counselor Educators (CE, n = 74), Counseling Supervisors (CS, n = 61), and Counseling Practitioners (CP, n = 86). The majority of CE expressed dissatisfaction with amount of distance counseling content in their training program yet felt confident to teach distance counseling and TMH concepts. Personal experience with …

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Program Experiences Associated With Research Competencies Development Of Doctoral-Level Scholar-Practitioners In Counselor Education And Supervision Programs, Amanda Rockinson-Szapkiw, John J. S. Harrichand Sep 2021

Program Experiences Associated With Research Competencies Development Of Doctoral-Level Scholar-Practitioners In Counselor Education And Supervision Programs, Amanda Rockinson-Szapkiw, John J. S. Harrichand

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This study examined how the program experiences of Counselor Education and Supervision doctoral students were associated with their research competency development as scholar-practitioners. Three hundred and thirty doctoral students completed a survey and data were analyzed with a regression analysis. The results demonstrated that program experiences including faculty-mentored research experiences, field-based experience with research application, opportunities to disseminate research, reflecting on identity development, and being in the dissertation phase were significantly associated students’ development as scholars. These findings provide implications for program curriculum and intervention development.

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Readiness Of Counselor Education And Supervision For Suicide Training: A Cqr Study, Jenny L. Cureton, Elysia V. Clemens, Janessa Henninger, Connie Couch Sep 2021

Readiness Of Counselor Education And Supervision For Suicide Training: A Cqr Study, Jenny L. Cureton, Elysia V. Clemens, Janessa Henninger, Connie Couch

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

The Counselor Education and Supervision professional community is responsible for providing training on suicide to Master’s students in counseling. Elevated suicide rates and historically insufficient training along with updated practice, ethical, and accreditation standards necessitate changes to counselor preparation on suicide. Readiness assessment can support the CES community’s aims to meet such standards. A Consensual Qualitative Research team utilized a community readiness framework to analyze interviews with fifteen educators, administrators, and supervisors in diverse CACREP-accredited programs. Readiness findings inform counselor preparation and policy at the course, program, state, and national level.

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Self-Care: An Ethical Imperative For Anti-Racist Counselor Training, Michelle Mitchell, Erin Binkley Jul 2021

Self-Care: An Ethical Imperative For Anti-Racist Counselor Training, Michelle Mitchell, Erin Binkley

Teaching and Supervision in Counseling

Attention has been given to multicultural counseling, social justice and advocacy work over the last several decades; with this in mind, it is essential Counselors educators work as anti-racist change agents to understand the role of self-care in advocacy and be armed with self-care strategies based upon racial identity standing. Working through the lens of racial identity development models, educators will learn ways to support students of the dominant culture in engaging in self-care without initiating oppressive behaviors, and conversely will learn strategies to assist Black, Indigenous, Persons of Color (BIPOC) in enacting self-care without assisting in their own oppression. …

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A Thin Line Of Social Justice: Challenges And Changes In Navigating Relations Of Power In Graduate Schools Of Education, Heather Catherine Sands Jul 2021

A Thin Line Of Social Justice: Challenges And Changes In Navigating Relations Of Power In Graduate Schools Of Education, Heather Catherine Sands

Individual, Family, and Community Education ETDs

This dissertation brings together three qualitative research articles to interrogate a disjuncture between curriculum development in graduate schools of education and the relations of power it fosters in teacher education and counselor education. In applying biopower and intersectional analyses throughout each article, this dissertation contends that the recognition of power relations within these fields helps to highlight hegemonic patterns of teaching and counseling that occur in settings of classrooms and sessions. Three themes emerged within this dissertation: resistance, community, and subjectivity. Article One demonstrates a gap between teachers and school counselors with cyberbullying directed toward LGBTQ+ students. The Article leverages …

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The Past, Present And Future Of Online Counselor Education, Kelly Coker, William Snow, Scott Hinkle Jun 2021

The Past, Present And Future Of Online Counselor Education, Kelly Coker, William Snow, Scott Hinkle

Journal of Technology in Counselor Education and Supervision

COVID-19 accelerated the adoption of distance learning in 2020 throughout the world. Online education is now central to counselor education and the trend will likely continue post COVID-19 as well. The history of distance education technology in counselor education is first explored and then the advantages and challenges of this learning model are discussed along with the ethical, legal and regulatory implications. Finally, the future of counselor education is explored along with emerging technologies that may again disrupt our teaching and learning models.

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Screening, Brief Intervention And Referral To Treatment (Sbirt) Training With Counselor Education Students, Tiffany Lee, Stephen E. Craig, Andrew Clay, Karis Callaway, Diana Charnley May 2021

Screening, Brief Intervention And Referral To Treatment (Sbirt) Training With Counselor Education Students, Tiffany Lee, Stephen E. Craig, Andrew Clay, Karis Callaway, Diana Charnley

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Counselors should be proficient in screening for problematic substance use and also demonstrate the ability to provide a brief intervention, when appropriate. As part of a three-year grant project, counselor educators at one institution provided intensive training on Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) to clinical mental health counseling students. This SBIRT protocol is designed to promote early detection and effective intervention for clients at risk of developing a substance use disorder. The purpose of this article is to present an in-depth narrative related to the process, content, and pedagogical methods of the training. The authors also address …

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Predicting Burnout In Graduate Student Counselors Using A Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Of Workaholism Tendencies, Grit, And Academic Entitlement, Rebekah Reysen, Sumedha Therthani, Kristen Butler, Smyth Sexton, Phillip Shumate May 2021

Predicting Burnout In Graduate Student Counselors Using A Multiple Linear Regression Analysis Of Workaholism Tendencies, Grit, And Academic Entitlement, Rebekah Reysen, Sumedha Therthani, Kristen Butler, Smyth Sexton, Phillip Shumate

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

We investigated the relationship between workaholism tendencies, academic entitlement, and grit on burnout for graduate student counselors (n = 113). Workaholism was the most significant predictor of burnout, with approximately 30% of participants illustrating these tendencies. We conclude with a discussion of future research and implications for the counseling field.

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Doctoral-Level Ces Students’ Lived Experiences Pursuing Courses In An Online Learning Environment, Sara Bender, Jennifer Werries May 2021

Doctoral-Level Ces Students’ Lived Experiences Pursuing Courses In An Online Learning Environment, Sara Bender, Jennifer Werries

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

The increase in accredited online CES doctoral programs coupled with established online learning guidelines suggests that counselor educators understand the value of the online medium in training emerging counselor educators. Given the elevated level of nuanced learning that occurs within graduate studies, it is fair to assume that doctoral-level learning experiences and outcomes are likely to vary by field. To date, there remains minimal published research related to understanding the dynamics within online counselor education and supervision (CES) doctoral programs. The purpose of this interpretive phenomenological analysis (IPA) was to understand the experiences of doctoral CES students pursuing a degree …

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Using Photovoice To Explore Racial Microaggressions Experienced By Doctoral Students Of Color, Shreya Vaishnav May 2021

Using Photovoice To Explore Racial Microaggressions Experienced By Doctoral Students Of Color, Shreya Vaishnav

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Racial microaggressions are prevalent in academia and negatively impact the engagement and well-being of students of color. Despite this, little is known regarding the experiences of doctoral students with racial microaggressions in counselor education (CE) programs. The purpose of this study was to better understand the impact of racial microaggressions on doctoral students of color in CE programs. The study utilized Photovoice methodology, which incorporated pictures, captured by participants, to highlight the racial microaggressions experienced by six doctoral students of color in CE programs. Themes expressed by participants included Struggle, Racism, Sacrificing Ourselves, and Advocacy as central to their experience …

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Clash Of Generations: Attitudes Toward Tattoos In Counselor Education, Philip Mullins, Mary Alice Bruce May 2021

Clash Of Generations: Attitudes Toward Tattoos In Counselor Education, Philip Mullins, Mary Alice Bruce

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Counselor Education doctoral students, administrators, and faculty (N=244) were surveyed nationally to assess current generational differences in attitudes toward tattoos in higher education. Results offer information and implications regarding tattoo placement, attitudes, hiring in higher education, comfort levels, ramifications for graduate student admission, and impact of tattoos on faculty hiring.

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Supporting Practicing School Counselor’S Skill Development: A Hip Hop And Spoken Word Professional Development Intervention, Ian Levy, Matthew E. Lemberger-Truelove Feb 2021

Supporting Practicing School Counselor’S Skill Development: A Hip Hop And Spoken Word Professional Development Intervention, Ian Levy, Matthew E. Lemberger-Truelove

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Given the paucity of professional development (PD) opportunities, gaps in cultural competence, and deterioration of direct counseling service opportunities for many school counselors, it is reasonable to conjecture that there is an inadvertent abandonment of skill development and related student outcomes. This mixed-methods study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of an innovative PD series for school counselors, exploring participants' self-efficacy in counseling skill use and cross-cultural competence. The researchers administered a multi-session PD to school counselors in an Urban, Northeast School District in the US. Data from pre- and post-training surveys, vignettes, and post-training focus groups indicated a significant decrease …

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Preparing Cacrep-Accredited Doctoral Students To Teach, Meredith Lt Montgomery, Mei Tang Feb 2021

Preparing Cacrep-Accredited Doctoral Students To Teach, Meredith Lt Montgomery, Mei Tang

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Counselor education literature addresses training of future counselors although little is known about the preparation of doctoral students as teachers. This qualitative thematic analysis utilizes a Social Cognitive Theory (SCT) theoretical framework and a Contextualism philosophical framework to answer the question: How are doctoral students in CACREP-accredited doctoral programs prepared to teach? Faculty (n=6) and students (n=10) from ten CACREP-accredited Counselor Education and Supervision (CES) programs across the United States participated. A narrative description of the process of preparing doctoral students to teach is based on three identified themes: relationship, pedagogy, and effort. Implications include a need for stewardship of …

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Is This What Counselors Are? Conflict Stories In Multicultural Coursework, Lauren Melamed Feb 2021

Is This What Counselors Are? Conflict Stories In Multicultural Coursework, Lauren Melamed

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Classroom-based conversations about multicultural issues can be difficult, ranging with various degrees of tension that span between affective stress to full on turbulent emotional exchanges. The purpose of this narrative inquiry was to better understand the student perspective of conflict in the classroom. Understanding conflict stories are imperative for the training of professional counselors bound to both cultural competency and professional growth. Findings reveal both content and structure of students’ conflict stories in multicultural counseling classes as they navigate the tasks of professional identity development. Themes of gatekeeping and collective accountability emerged, in addition to transformation and meaning-making.

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Enhancing Social Justice And Multicultural Counseling Competence Through Cultural Immersion: A Guide For Faculty, Sonya Lorelle, Katherine Atkins, Rebecca Michel Feb 2021

Enhancing Social Justice And Multicultural Counseling Competence Through Cultural Immersion: A Guide For Faculty, Sonya Lorelle, Katherine Atkins, Rebecca Michel

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Cultural immersion experiences can have a lifelong impact on counseling students’ development and identity. The authors describe the connection between cultural immersion experiences and multicultural competence. The authors also offer their professional experiences with international cultural immersion, provide a framework for counselor educators to create these experiences for counseling students, and include practical examples of how to intentionally structure each component of the trip to enhance student growth and development.

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A Content Analysis Of Counselor Educators' Teaching Philosophy Statements, Daniel P. Hall, Phillip L. Waalkes Dr., Paul H. Smith Feb 2021

A Content Analysis Of Counselor Educators' Teaching Philosophy Statements, Daniel P. Hall, Phillip L. Waalkes Dr., Paul H. Smith

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

An educator’s teaching philosophy can have a direct impact on student learning and many counselor educators report feeling underprepared in the development of their teaching philosophy. Utilizing conventional qualitative content analysis, the authors analyzed counselor educators’ (N = 15) teaching philosophy statements to understand how they described and structured their teaching philosophies. Emergent categories included theoretical influences on teaching, facilitation of learning strategies, student learning goals, developmental process as a teacher, and beliefs about teaching and learning. Developing a more specific theoretical orientation may help counselor educators intentionally approach their teaching in ways that could lead to better learning …

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Attitudes And Action: Social Tolerance And Legal Coercion Towards Those Suffering From Schizophrenia, Fred A. Washburn, Meaghan C. Nolte Feb 2021

Attitudes And Action: Social Tolerance And Legal Coercion Towards Those Suffering From Schizophrenia, Fred A. Washburn, Meaghan C. Nolte

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This study examines stigma towards those suffering from schizophrenia on two levels: social tolerance and support for legal coercion. Recent research has found that counselors are more tolerant towards those suffering from schizophrenia than the general population (Smith & Cashwell, 2010; Smith & Cashwell, 2011; Crowe & Averett, 2015; Crowe et al., 2016). These studies have not examined support for legal coercion. Findings from this study indicate that counseling students have greater levels of social tolerance than undergraduates in other educational programs, there were no differences in social tolerance for counseling students when compared to other graduate students. No significant …

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Social Presence In Online Counselor Education, Courtney M. Holmes, Christine Reid, Carolyn Hawley, Christopher Wagner Nov 2020

Social Presence In Online Counselor Education, Courtney M. Holmes, Christine Reid, Carolyn Hawley, Christopher Wagner

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Outcome research in online counselor education is lacking as is the focus on online teaching andragogy. To address this gap, the Community of Inquiry framework and social presence are discussed within the context of online learning in a counselor education program. Data were collected in a counselor education program in the mid-Atlantic comparing online and on-campus learning outcomes and perceptions of social presence in the classroom. On-campus learners had significantly higher perceptions of social presence when compared with online learners, although perceived level of social presence was not correlated with learning outcomes. Implications for counselor education are discussed.

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A Phenomenological Study Of Counseling Students’ Learning About Wellness, Heather J. Fye, Eric R. Baltrinic Nov 2020

A Phenomenological Study Of Counseling Students’ Learning About Wellness, Heather J. Fye, Eric R. Baltrinic

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

The authors conducted a phenomenological qualitative study of counselor students’ experiences of learning about wellness guided by the Indivisible Self (Myers & Sweeney, 2004). Participants (N = 11 ) engaged in the experiential wellness activities during co-curricular group meetings throughout one academic year. Data were analyzed and three themes emerged: Wellness Considerations, Wellness Connections, and Wellness Applications. Limitations and directions for future research are illustrated.

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Perceived Tenure Standards, Scholarly Productivity, And Workloads Of Counselor Educators At Comprehensive Universities, Gregory T. Hatchett Nov 2020

Perceived Tenure Standards, Scholarly Productivity, And Workloads Of Counselor Educators At Comprehensive Universities, Gregory T. Hatchett

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This article describes the results of a survey that inquired about the tenure standards, scholarly productivity, and workloads of counselor educators (N = 168) employed at comprehensive colleges and universities. The results from this study describe the respondents’ perceptions of the tenure process and their preparation for faculty positions at comprehensive universities, along with additional data on their general workloads, teaching schedules, scholarly productivity, participation in outside professional activities, and financial remuneration. Implications for counselor education and the tenure and promotion process are discussed.

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An Exploration Of Married Male Doctoral Students In Counselor Education, Anthony L. Suarez, Kristi L. Perryman, Chris L. Carver, Jessica M. Del Re Nov 2020

An Exploration Of Married Male Doctoral Students In Counselor Education, Anthony L. Suarez, Kristi L. Perryman, Chris L. Carver, Jessica M. Del Re

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This phenomenological study explored the effect of marriage on the lived experience of four male doctoral students in a counselor education program. Because males are a minority in the mental health professions, researchers often focus on the female perspective when studying graduate students’ experiences. Findings of the current study suggest that received support in multiple forms (e.g., emotional, financial, academic, and logistical) is the most salient benefit of marriage for the participants in this study, while time and role management pose significant challenges. Male students attempt to balance academic responsibilities with household duties, but still feel pressure to provide for …

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Utility Of The Scientist-Practitioner Inventory In Counselor Education, Mei Tang, Susannah C. Coaston, Christina Pbibbs, Nzingha Dalila, Linda Milholland, Miller Kathy Nov 2020

Utility Of The Scientist-Practitioner Inventory In Counselor Education, Mei Tang, Susannah C. Coaston, Christina Pbibbs, Nzingha Dalila, Linda Milholland, Miller Kathy

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This study examined the construct validity of the Scientist-Practitioner Inventory (SPI) modified for counseling profession to determine if S-P orientation could be assessed through mSPI. The mSPI was administered to masters’ students, practicing counselors, doctoral students, and faculty members in counselor education programs. The results showed that the mSPI has adequate construct and significant differences among groups. Implications for integrating S-P model in counselor education curriculum design, training, advising, and classroom teaching are discussed.

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School Counselor Self-Efficacy In Advocating For Self: How Prepared Are We?, Jennifer Perry, Sejal Parikh, Maylee Vazquez, Rachel Saunders, Stanley Bolin, Merry Leigh Dameron Nov 2020

School Counselor Self-Efficacy In Advocating For Self: How Prepared Are We?, Jennifer Perry, Sejal Parikh, Maylee Vazquez, Rachel Saunders, Stanley Bolin, Merry Leigh Dameron

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Advocacy is a central component of providing comprehensive school counseling programs. Often, counselor advocacy entails advocating for the profession and clients. Utilizing the New General Self-Efficacy scale, this quantitative study examined the effect of advocacy training type, counselor education program level, and CACREP program attendance on the self-efficacy of school counselors in advocating for self. School counselors' self-efficacy in advocating for self (as a school counselor), rather than advocacy for the profession and/or students, was assessed. Analysis revealed advocacy training was a statistically significant predictor of self-efficacy in advocating for self, while program level and CACREP attendance were not significant …

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Students With Problems Of Professional Competency And Their Impact On Proficient Students In Counseling Programs, Jason S. Rose, Stephanie Persutte-Manning Nov 2020

Students With Problems Of Professional Competency And Their Impact On Proficient Students In Counseling Programs, Jason S. Rose, Stephanie Persutte-Manning

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Students with problems of professional competency (PPC) issues enact a negative toll on proficient students and require increased faculty attention. While there are resources aimed at supporting students with PPC, we will explore proficient students’ experience of stress and needed supports as a result of classmates with PPC.

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The Need For Collaboration: Experiences And Perceptions Of Preservice Principals And School Counselors, Jennifer Tygret, Sylvia Mendez, Adric Arndt, Desiree Lovato, Margaret Scott Nov 2020

The Need For Collaboration: Experiences And Perceptions Of Preservice Principals And School Counselors, Jennifer Tygret, Sylvia Mendez, Adric Arndt, Desiree Lovato, Margaret Scott

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

While professional collaboration between school counselors and principals has the potential to enhance the educational environment for students, preparation programs typically do not provide collaborative opportunities to preservice candidates. In response to concerns expressed by preservice school counselors and principals regarding this lack of opportunity, researchers designed and implemented a collaboration workshop. Following the workshop, a multiple-case study research design was utilized to explore the value of collaboration from the perspectives of both groups through participant interviews grounded by the Five Elements of a Professional Community. Findings indicate educators in these preparation programs have the opportunity to institutionalize a collaboration …

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Contemplative Practice: A Proposal In Reducing Novice Counselor’S Performance Anxiety And Excessive Self-Focus, Clarissa Cigrand Nov 2020

Contemplative Practice: A Proposal In Reducing Novice Counselor’S Performance Anxiety And Excessive Self-Focus, Clarissa Cigrand

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

This article proposes the utilization of mindfulness meditation and other contemplative practices to help mitigate the challenges experienced by novice counselors when working with clients for the first time, namely, performance anxiety and an excessive self-focus marked by self-doubt, self-criticism, and fear of making a mistake. The author specifies forms of contemplative practice that have been used in counselor preparation and highlights their demonstrated value in developing therapeutic presence, enhancing self-compassion, supporting self-awareness, strengthen active listening and attention skills, and bolstering emotion regulation. The author presents a case study that illustrates the utility and integration of contemplative practice into a …

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Counselor Preparation In Crisis, Trauma, Grief, And Neurocounseling, Karlesia T. Montague, Katie Christensen, Susan Furr Nov 2020

Counselor Preparation In Crisis, Trauma, Grief, And Neurocounseling, Karlesia T. Montague, Katie Christensen, Susan Furr

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Crisis, trauma, and grief are common themes in counseling while neurocounseling is a relatively new term that has increased presence in counseling. However, little is known about the current status of CACREP programs offering courses directly preparing counselors to address these concerns. This descriptive study analyzed CACREP programs (N = 392) to determine how many counselor education programs offered courses in each special topic. Results indicated that programs offered crisis courses at the highest rate (62.2%) compared to trauma (41%), grief (21.2%), and neurocounseling (5.1%). These results examined program offerings immediately following the CACREP 2016 Standards revisions and may …

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Experiential And Transformative Learning For School Counselors: Impacts Of Counseling First-Generation, Low-Income, College-Bound Students, Alyson M. Pompeo-Fargnoli, Nicole Pulliam, Amanda Lapa, Jennifer Dutil Aug 2020

Experiential And Transformative Learning For School Counselors: Impacts Of Counseling First-Generation, Low-Income, College-Bound Students, Alyson M. Pompeo-Fargnoli, Nicole Pulliam, Amanda Lapa, Jennifer Dutil

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Through the use of interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA), this study examined the impacts of counseling first-generation, low-income college-bound students by way of a school counselor experiential learning program at one small, private university in the eastern United States. This study explored experiential learning, including from a transformative learning perspective, as well as its overall impact on school counseling student preparation. Themes that emerged indicated that school counseling graduate student interns, when placed in a culturally diverse experiential learning setting, have the potential to increase their counselor competencies including multicultural competencies, and to have a transformative learning experience. These impacts were …

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In The Gap: Peer Support Group Experiences For Post-Graduate, Pre-Licensed Counseling Candidates, Elizabeth A. Keller-Dupree, Christine N. Scott, Janet Leane Shannon, Robert L. Durham, Ashley Woltjer Aug 2020

In The Gap: Peer Support Group Experiences For Post-Graduate, Pre-Licensed Counseling Candidates, Elizabeth A. Keller-Dupree, Christine N. Scott, Janet Leane Shannon, Robert L. Durham, Ashley Woltjer

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Counselor development evolves throughout one’s professional tenure. One unique phase is the developmental gap post-graduation and pre-licensure in which counseling candidates develop an autonomous sense of self beyond the institution in which they were trained. This study sought to explore those “in the gap” experiences for eight CACREP graduates who participated in a five-session peer support group. A content-driven thematic analysis revealed (a) a feeling of disconnection and (b) a sense of disillusionment brought participants to the group, and (c) a need for homecoming, (d) a call for continued growth, and (e) a practice of empowerment were received by participants …

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Aligning Cognitive Complexity Models: Bridging Development Across Educational And Supervisory Contexts, J. Scott Branson, Ashley N. Branson Aug 2020

Aligning Cognitive Complexity Models: Bridging Development Across Educational And Supervisory Contexts, J. Scott Branson, Ashley N. Branson

Journal of Counselor Preparation and Supervision

Cognitive complexity is a requisite skill for mental health professionals, as they routinely face complex, ambiguous tasks such as working within an evidence based practice framework in ways that bridge clients’ subjective experiences with relevant psychotherapeutic outcome research. Multiple models for conceptualizing and promoting cognitive complexity development in educational and supervisory settings have been articulated, and the similarities across these models is striking. The purpose of this article is to: 1) introduce readers to King and Kitchener’s (1994) Reflective Judgement model of educational development and 2) demonstrate the striking alignment between the Reflective Judgement model and prominent developmental models of …

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