Anthropology Commons^™

The Impact Of Patient Shadowing On Service Design: Insights From A Family Medicine Clinic, Andrew S. Gallan, Bruce Perlow, Riddhi Shah, Judith Gravdal

Patient Experience Journal

A central tenet of patient-centered care is to truly and deeply understand how patients experience health care. One particular qualitative method, patient shadowing, holds the promise of seeing things through the patient’s eyes in real time. The purpose of this research is to utilize patient shadowing to capture the realities of patient experiences in an outpatient family medicine clinic and to report opportunities for improvement to clinic leadership. A total of twenty (20) patients were shadowed at a family medicine outpatient clinic over the course of eight (8) different days, providing a variety of circumstances including staffing levels, shift changes, …

Pilgrimage To Bawakaraeng Mountain Among The Bugis- Makassar In Indonesia: A Contestation Between Islamic Identity And Local Tradition, Mustaqim Pabbajah, Irwan Abdullah, Hasse Jubba, M.Taufiq Hidayat Pabbajah, Zainal Said

International Journal of Religious Tourism and Pilgrimage

This study discusses the contestation of Islamic identity and local traditions of the Bugis-Makassar people in socio-religious life. Tradition contains a belief with form and practices that can still be traced to the present. In this case, the identity of the hajj pilgrimage attached to Muslims has been adapted to the Bawakaraeng Hajj community in the South Sulawesi region. The current research employed a qualitative descriptive approach and field-based data collection techniques by conducting observations and interviews with key informants about the Bawakaraeng community. It was found that the Bugis-Makassar practice of carrying out a series of rituals on the …

Eagle Eye Vs. Gear Jammer, Jessica Danielle Ellis

Theses and Dissertations

Where similarities in class struggle have historically operated as a unifying force globally, the American crafted mythos isolates the individual and dehumanizes those that do not fall within the parameters of the cowboy archetype. The national protagonist is turned into a class traitor and an extension of government power.

In-Person Vs Telephonic Interpretation: A Case Study From The Perspective Of Providers And Interpreters At A Virginia Free Clinic, Lucy Cummins

Honors Theses

High-quality medical interpretation is critical to ensuring that patients with limited English proficiency, a rapidly growing group in the US, receive equitable care. Today, as federally-funded hospitals and clinics are legally required to offer language services, a myriad of interpretation options are available and used by providers across the country, including both telephone and in-person interpreters. Though these two options both allow for translation of dialogue between patients and providers, they differ in the communicative and interpersonal experiences they offer.

343— Analysis Of The Impact Of Environmental Factors On Maternal Mortality And Stillbirth Rates In 19th Century Rochester, Sarah Suplicz

GREAT Day Posters

As is common today, socioeconomic status and environmental conditions played a key role in health and medicine in the 19th century. This study is an analysis of cemetery records from Mount Hope Cemetery in Rochester, NY, to determine if there is a link between maternal mortality, stillbirth rates, socioeconomic status and environmental conditions, such as air pollution. While this study will not uncover all of the causes of maternal mortality and stillbirths, it will, however, help to determine whether individuals from certain areas of Rochester faced increased rates of these causes of death. In addition to cemetery records, historical resources …

276— Poverty And Pathogens In 19th Century Rochester, New York; Poorhouses And Other Public Housing, Tyler Haug

GREAT Day Posters

Legislation in the early 19th century resulted in the construction of public housing in the form of poorhouses and orphanages by many states to provide housing for those in need (Huddleson 2012). Reports on the conditions of these facilities within New York State show that many of them lacked adequate sources of water for washing, proper ventilation, and sanitary conditions for the inmates (Stuhler 2013). These conditions, along with crowding in many of the facilities led to the increased spread of pathogen borne diseases such as measles, typhoid fever, tuberculosis (consumption), and pneumonia. By analyzing the death records from patients …

213— Deadly Summers: Infant And Child Deaths In 19th Century Rochester, New York, Nykole Nevol

GREAT Day Posters

During the 19th century, Rochester, NY, became a bustling city full of potential. Although there were many benefits to living in Rochester, the prevalence of infectious disease was not one of them. At this point in history, short lives were very common, and many people did not live past childhood. Therefore, children and infants were the most affected by these diseases. During the summer months, fever and diarrhea, likely due to contaminated food or water, took the lives of many infants and children. This study will explore these diseases, which were commonly referred to as cholera infantum and summer complaint, …

074— Epidemiological Analysis Of 19th Century Cholera Outbreaks In Rochester, New York, Emily Lumbis

GREAT Day Posters

During the 19^th century, multiple cholera outbreaks quickly proliferated across Europe and North America. During that time, several of them made their way to Rochester, New York, and had serious impacts. With only theories about how the disease was spread, such as through “bad air”, these outbreaks left residents struggling to overcome the deadly symptoms and to determine their true cause. Years later, many of those outbreaks were able to be traced to specific public wells or streets. The goal of this research is to determine whether cholera spread from a specific area in Rochester by using information from …

Expedient Gis And 3d Technology To Promote Public Awareness Of European Crypts As Digital Heritage, Ruth Grady

Department of Anthropology: Theses and Student Research

The thesis is investigation of GIS and 3D technology as ways to expediently document and disseminate information on European crypts as digital heritage. Digital technologies afford new opportunities to find, document, preserve, and share our past creating a wide and growing range of digital texts, databases, audio, video, illustrations, and software. While there are a wide range of digital technologies and digital data types employed in cultural heritage, 3D technologies such as lidar scanning are increasingly becoming a critical component to record cultural heritage. The case study focuses on two Sicilian crypts—Santa Maria Dell’Itria dei Cocchieri and Capuchin Church—located in …

Xenophobia In The Covid-19 Era, Joanne Jeya

Honors Theses

COVID-19 has altered people's daily lives across the globe and heightened tensions in response to changing economic, social, and political conditions. In the United States, xenophobia has seemingly escalated in the COVID-19 era, particularly towards Asians and people of Asian descent. The assumed reasoning for this rise in anti-Asian sentiment is tied to the presumed origins of the Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome‐Coronavirus‐2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus, first detected in Wuhan, China, prompting some to initially call the disease the Wuhan or Chinese virus, among other racialized terms like the "Kung-flu." It remains to be seen if xenophobic acts have increased throughout the …

Quantification Of The Mincer Et Al. 1993 Method Of Age Estimation For The Purpose Of Increasing The Reliability And Accuracy Of Scores Within The System, Bailey Oettel

Department of Anthropology: Theses and Student Research

There is currently a need to test new methods of increasing the accuracy and reliability of the stages scored by users of subjective methodologies within the forensic sciences. One way this can be done is through the quantification of these subjective stages through metric measurements and the application of sectioning points. This research assesses the quantification of the subjective stages within the Mincer et al. (1993) method of age estimation through odontometric measurements and the application of sectioning points. In this study, five odontometric measurements taken from radiographs of fifty-five third mandibular molars from thirty-nine individuals were used to establish …

Opportunities For Interaction: Natural Observations Of Children’S Social Behavior In Five Societies., Tanya Broesch, Patrick L. Carolan, Senay Cebioğlu, Christopher Von Rueden, Adam Boyette, Cristina Moya, Barry Hewlett, Michelle A. Kline

Jepson School of Leadership Studies articles, book chapters and other publications

We examine the opportunities children have for interacting with others and the extent to which they are the focus of others’ visual attention in five societies where extended family communities are the norm. We compiled six video-recorded datasets (two from one society) collected by a team of anthropologists and psychologists conducting long-term research in each society. The six datasets include video observations of children among the Yasawas (Fiji), Tanna (Vanuatu), Tsimane (Bolivia), Huatasani (Peru), and Aka (infants and children 4–12 years old; Central African Republic). Each dataset consists of a series of videos of children ranging in age from 2 …

Recovery Method For Mites Discovered In Mummified Human Tissue, Jessica Smith

Department of Anthropology: Theses and Student Research

Much like other arthropods, mites have been discovered in a wide variety of forensic and archaeological contexts featuring mummified remains. Their accurate identification has assisted forensic scientists and archaeologists in determining environmental, depositional, and taphonomic conditions that surrounded the mummified remains after death. Consequently, their close association with cadavers has led some researchers to intermittently advocate for the inclusion of mites in archaeological site analyses and forensic case studies. However, despite their potential value, mites have been underutilized with a variety of reasons for the lack of inclusion of mites in archaeological and forensic analyses. Chief amongst these reasons is …

Identifying Opportunities For Collective Curation During Archaeological Excavations, Ixchel Faniel, Anne Austin, Sarah Whitcher Kansa, Eric Kansa, Jennifer Jacobs, Phoebe France

Educator Preparation & Leadership Faculty Works

Archaeological excavations are comprised of interdisciplinary teams that create, manage, and share data as they unearth and analyse material culture. These team-based settings are ripe for collective curation during these data lifecycle stages. However, findings from four excavation sites show that the data interdisciplinary teams create are not well integrated. Knowing this, we recommended opportunities for collective curation to improve use and reuse of the data within and outside of the team.

Identifying Opportunities For Collective Curation During Archaeological Excavations, Anne Austin, Sarah Whitcher Kansa, Eric Kansa, Jennifer Jacobs, Phoebe France

History Faculty Works

Archaeological excavations are comprised of interdisciplinary teams that create, manage, and share data as they unearth and analyse material culture. These team-based settings are ripe for collective curation during these data lifecycle stages. However, findings from four excavation sites show that the data interdisciplinary teams create are not well integrated. Knowing this, we recommended opportunities for collective curation to improve use and reuse of the data within and outside of the team.

Ungrasping The Other: The Parent, The Child, And The Making Of Solidarities. A Response To Esther Ohito, Rubén Gaztambide-Fernández

Occasional Paper Series

The child reaches forward with his toes, extending to touch the world from the comfort of his mother’s lap. She smiles, wide brown eyes into the camera, left hand resting on her left knee while the index finger of her right hand clinches the child’s overalls near his belly, holding him in place. He smiles, wide eyes into the camera, right hand resting on her right wrist while the index finger of his left hand points forward. He feels the warmth of his mother’s chin resting on his nearly bald head, nested in the safety of her crossed legs. The …

Blood At The Root, Jarrett Martin Drake

Journal of Contemporary Archival Studies

What is the sound of silence and what is the sight of absence? The following essay situates itself along those two questions by devoting close ethnographic attention to the lives and afterlives of seven people—Delia, Renty, Jem, Alfred, Fassena, Drana, and Jack—whose reflections resonate and resound throughout the world of archives. I argue that a theory of archival power must consider the role of process and place in the shaping of modern memory practices. The article begins by narrating the story of how these seven people came to occupy the center of the archival universe. Next, it traces a tale …

“What’S Your College?” How A University’S Name Impacts Students’ Communication, Christina Coston

Campus Research Month

Despite Generation Z accounting for most college students today, there is a lack of information about Generation Zs and their college experience. This study aims to determine how a college’s name impacts college attending Generation Zs. Specifically, it investigates the impact of the inclusion of a religious denomination in the name of the college. To answer the research questions presented in this study, focus groups and surveys will be conducted. The presentation will focus on the results of the research which is currently being conducted.

Club-Fighters Of The Amazon: Warfare Among The Kayapó Indians Of Central Brazil By Gustaaf Verswijver, Laura Zanotti

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

No abstract provided.

Bacteria, Guano And Soot: Source Assessment Of Organic Matter Preserved In Black Laminae In Stalagmites From Caves Of The Sierra De Atapuerca (N Spain), Joeri Kaal, Virginia Martínez-Pillado, Antonio Martínez Cortizas, Jorge Sanjurjo Sánchez, Arantza Aranburu, Juan-Luis Arsuaga, Eneko Iriarte

International Journal of Speleology

Speleothems are a recognized source of paleoclimatic information, but their value as a source of signals from human activities in caves with an archaeological record has rarely been explored. Previous studies of speleothems in the Sierra de Atapuerca karst system (Burgos, northern Spain) revealed an important human fossil record, provided information about human activities in and around these caves, and the impacts on their natural environment. The present study reports the results of molecular characterization of dark-colored laminae from the stalagmites Ilargi (Galería de las Estatuas) and GS1, GS2, and GS3 (Galería del Silo), by pyrolysis-GC-MS (Py-GC-MS) and …

Cultivating The Future: Globalized Competition And Environmental Interactions In The New Mexico Chile Industry, Holly Patricia Brause

Anthropology ETDs

Despite the importance of chile to New Mexico, the future of the chile industry in the state is uncertain. Since the passage of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) in 1994, chile producers in New Mexico have struggled to compete in a globalized marketplace. Additionally, predicted environmental problems, like impending water shortages and climate change, cast further doubt about the industry’s future. In this dissertation, I show how the New Mexico chile industry has become a binational endeavor. I examine the multiple future-making projects that are being undertaken by individuals and groups involved in the chile industry as they …

How Has Cultural Imperialism Affected Cultural Heritage In Greece?, Kelly Ford

Undergraduate Research Conference

No abstract provided.

The Phoenix, Fernanda Perez-Alvarez

Montserrat Annual Writing Prize

This article uses a mythical creature, the phoenix, to examine and illustrate the biological principles for generation of an adult body plan from a single cell. Using the study of developmental biology, it explores the cellular and molecular biology that underpins the massive complexity of creating an adult body plan. It also explores the similarities and differences between different embryos, and how nature and evolution have shaped the biology of those embryos to create different body plans.

More Than Just A Label: The Afterlife Of The Hiv/Aids Pandemic In Richmond, Va, Josh Higdon

Arts & Sciences Student Symposium

This project investigated the current state of the HIV/AIDS pandemic in Richmond, Virginia. Specifically, this project took into account the connections between HIV/AIDS and certain identity factors (race and sexuality), as well as the connections between HIV/AIDS and social isolation. Through using a mix of quantitative and qualitative methodology, this study provides information regarding new rates of HIV/AIDS contraction and the racial demographics of these new contractions, while also providing information of the lived experiences of people living with HIV/AIDS. Ultimately, this study sought to gain more information about HIV/AIDS to encourage continued research on this topic while also attempting …

Understanding Short-Term Household Recoveries From The 2015 Nepal Earthquakes: Lessons Learned And Recommendations, Jeremy Spoon, Drew Gerkey, Ram B. Chhetri, Alisa Rai, Umesh Basnet, Chelsea E. Hunter

Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations

We assess tangible and intangible disaster recovery dynamics following the 2015 Nepal earthquakes and aftershocks in order to understand household adaptive capacity and transformation. We randomly selected 400 households in four communities across two highly impacted districts for surveys and interviews at 9 months and 1.5 years afterwards and returned at 2.5 years to share and discuss results. We found that household recoveries were heterogenous, context specific, and changing. Tangible hazard exposure, livelihood disruption, and displacement and intangible place attachment and mental well-being influenced recoveries. We also illustrate challenges related to government programs, housing designs and codes, and outside aid.

Can’T Bear It! Employing Culturally Sensitive Initiatives To Reduce Bear Bile Demand In Northern Vietnam, Alicia Ngo, Shannon Randolph

EnviroLab Asia

Over the past 30 years, the combination of over-hunting, habitat loss, and increased bear bile demand has caused significant declines in Asiatic black bear (aka moon bear; Ursus thibetanus) and sun bear (Helarctos malayanus) populations. In Eastern medicine, bear bile is extracted from the gallbladders of bears and is then used to treat a wide range of inflammatory, liver, and degenerative ailments. However, the use of bear bile has had significant impacts on bear populations. Given that communities in Northern Vietnam have a lengthy history of using bear bile and bear bile is easily accessible, merely advocating …

Americans Adopted Fewer Pets From Shelters In 2020 As The Supply Of Rescue Animals Fell, Shelly Volsche

Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Demand for new pets certainly seemed to spike when the COVID-19 pandemic reached the United States in early 2020 and forced many Americans to spend more time isolated.

But adoptions from animal shelters and rescues actually fell 17% to approximately 1.6 million in 2020 from over 1.9 million in 2019, according to Shelter Animal Counts, a nonprofit that tracks data regarding animals that spend time in shelters.

How did Americans end up welcoming fewer rescued animals into their homes during the COVID-19 pandemic? The short answer is that there weren’t enough furry friends to go around.

Functional Changes In Fortified Places: Strategy And Defensive Architecture In The Medieval And Early Modern Eras, Scott Kirk

Anthropology ETDs

Castles – defined as the fortified residences of a militarized elite class – are a global, cross-cultural phenomenon rather than a historically particular development in medieval Europe. Pairing Niche Construction Theory (NCT) with the Lévi-Straussian concept of the House, this research combines architectural, statistical, and geospatial analyses for a sample of castles from medieval European, western colonial, and nonwestern societies to show: (1) castle building is a recurring feature of competition in stratified pre-industrial societies, (2) geography and topography constrain castle location and function, and (3) changes in castle placement, design and elaboration reflect the changing nature of social, economic …

Embodied Injustices: Covid-19, Race, And Epigenetics, Maria Encinosa

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Digital Projects Showcase Exhibitor Award Although historical and even modern accounts of race assume significant biological differences between racial groups, race has little biological meaning. Nonetheless, the social construct of race has real consequences. Racial identity defines boundaries of community and impacts the experiences of individuals, including how people live and die during a pandemic. COVID-19 has disproportionately affected minority communities in the United States, triggering many explanations for racial disparities in health. Through an analysis of sources spanning from popular media to traditional academic journals, I analyze the potential for epigenetic research to serve as a missing link that …

Dental Disparities: A Quantitative & Regional Analysis Of Male Oral Health In The United States, Hannah Merritt, Gordon Rakita

Showcase of Osprey Advancements in Research and Scholarship (SOARS)

Project of Merit Winner

Multiple factors contribute to the oral health of male individuals in the United States, including economic, regional, and gender disparities. My study compares health care coverage and poverty rates to indicators of oral health status and dental care access such as percentage of tooth lost, number of dental visits, and oral health services at federally qualified health centers. This oral health data is drawn from the Center for Disease Control and Prevention across all fifty states in the year 2018 and from the United States Census. By examining this data, I will be able to answer …