Anthropology Commons^™

Ghost Dancing And The Iron Horse: Surving Through Tradition And Technology, Alex K. Ruuska

Publication

This article explores how railroad technologies, so critical in constructing the imagined nation of the nineteenth-century United States, were simultaneously shaped by multiple social groups including the native communities of North America. This analysis demonstrates how Native Americans’ resistance to and use of railroad technologies contributed to the revitalization and construction of ritual practices and pan-Indian identities associated with the 1890s Ghost Dance. Using case studies of the Northern Paiutes of western Nevada and the Sioux nations of South Dakota, Native Americans’ utilization of railroad technologies are examined during two periods of encroachment, revealing shifting attitudes and practices towards Euroamerican …

A Review And Interspecific Comparison Of Nocturnal And Cathemeral Strepsirhine Primate Olfactory Behavioural Ecology, Ian C. Colquhoun

Anthropology Publications

This paper provides a comparative review of the known patterns of olfactory behavioural ecology among the nocturnal strepsirhine primates and the cathemeral lemurid genus Eulemur. Endemic to Madagascar, all Eulemur species exhibit both diurnality and nocturnality (i.e., cathemerality), and are gregarious, making them an interesting group of taxa to compare with the nocturnal strepsirhines. This paper represents the first comparative review of patterns of olfactory communication among the nocturnal strepsirhines and the cathemeral Eulemur species. Inductive assessment of these comparative data indicates that olfactory communication serves multiple functions in both groups, including individual recognition, sex recognition, indication of social …

Through The Eye Of The Needle: Investigations Of Ethnographic, Experimental, And Archaeological Bone Tool Use Wear From Perishable Technologies, Elisabeth Ann Stone

Anthropology ETDs

Perishable technologies - objects made from soft, organic materials that often decay quickly in the archaeological record - are known to be both ubiquitous and abundant in contemporary and historic societies, regardless of variation in social and economic organization or local environment. They are commonly made by women, children and elders, members of society that are often underrepresented in reconstructions of the past. However, their perishable nature means that these objects are recovered from the archaeological record at low rates, relative to that of more durable materials. Consequently, most evidence for these technologies is indirect. Use wear on the surface …

Predicting Body Mass From The Skeleton With An Application To The Georgia Coast, Shamsi R. Daneshvari

Anthropology ETDs

Body mass has been studied in multiple subfields within anthropology, including paleoanthropology, bioarchaeology, biomechanics, and forensics. Most previous studies that focused on predicting mass from the skeleton utilized population averages, living subjects, and/or small sample sizes. This study sought to create an individualized predictive model of body mass estimation from multiple skeletal elements. The new multiple element model was then compared to three models currently used by anthropologists. Three hypotheses were tested: 1) the multiple element model has a lower predictive error than the other models, 2) upper limb elements will predict mass more accurately and 3) articular dimensions predict …

The Discourse And Practice Of Native American Cuisine: Native American Chefs And Native American Cooks In Contemporary Southwest Kitchens, Lois Ellen Frank

Anthropology ETDs

This dissertation analyzes the emergent Native American cuisine of the American Southwest. It consists of an ethnography of both Native American cooks, who are largely self-taught and practice in noncommercial settings, as well as Native American chefs, some self taught and some professionally trained and working in commercial settings. The ethnographic work includes both extensive and intensive field interviews with chefs and cooks, and close attention to their work in home and professional kitchens. Particular attention is paid to histories of food knowledge, as well as to food preparation concepts, techniques, performance, and aesthetics. The foods employed by these cooks …

Jameson, Jennifer Michelle, B. 1987 (Fa 561), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Folklife Archives Finding Aids

Finding aid and full-text (click on "Additional Files" below) for Folklife Archives Project 561. An annotated collection of playlists for the Freeman Kitchens collection of audio recordings (chiefly reel-to-reel tapes) held by the Folklife Archives at Western Kentucky University. A second listing includes "notable items" within the collecction as identified by the compiler.

Informe Técnico Final Del Trabajo De Campo Del Proyecto De Investigación Arqueológica Caylán (Temporada 2010), David Chicoine, Hugo Ikehara

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Against The Odds: Indian Gaming, Political Economy, And Identity On The Pala Indian Reservation, Shasta Christina Gaughen

Anthropology ETDs

This dissertation explores how the introduction of Indian gaming has affected identity, culture, and political economy on the Pala Indian Reservation in San Diego County, California. I propose that the economic and political changes that have taken place at Pala since the Pala Casino opened in 2001 can be explored against a theoretical backdrop of how history, politics, and power have constituted and are constituting local categories of identity, belonging, and culture for the Pala Band of Mission Indians. The theoretical understanding of Indian gaming as a consequence of federal policies has contributed to my analysis of how the Pala …

Ceramic Resource Selection And Social Violence In The Gallina Area Of The American Southwest, Connie Irene Constan

Anthropology ETDs

This dissertation examines the relationship between social violence and ceramic resource procurement. Do people in middle-range societies alter resource use in response to conflict? Specifically, does social strife influence the distance to which potters in middle-range societies will travel to collect ceramic resources? Distance and quality are primary elements in clay selection. Clay is heavy, so for many potters distance is the determining factor in clay selection (Arnold 1985, 2000). Arnold (1985, 2000) estimated procurement thresholds using worldwide ethnographic data from 111 traditional societies. He found that for both clays and tempers, people prefer to travel only one kilometer, but …

The Evolutionary Ecology Of Human Infancy, Amanda Veile

Anthropology ETDs

Infancy is a time of profound energetic trade-offs, and in many South American native groups, infant growth is stunted and mortality by infectious disease is high. The goal of this dissertation was to explore the nature of human infancy from a life history theoretical perspective. Specifically, I investigated infant growth, feeding patterns, and thymic development in two South American native populations, the Tsimane of Bolivia and the Pumé of Venezuela. This broad goal is addressed through four specific goals: 1) to model the weaning transition using behavioral data collected in Tsimane communities where infants experience varying mortality rates, 2) to …

Southern Nevada Agency Partnership Cultural Site Stewardship Program – Program Expansion And Steward Retention: Quarterly Progress Report, Period Ending June 30, 2011, Margaret N. Rees

Cultural Site Stewardship Program

• One cultural site steward class was held this quarter adding 17 volunteers.
• Team focus is upon plan to transition project to state stewardship program

Evidence For A Peak Shift In A Humoral Response To Helminths: Age Profiles Of Ige In The Shuar Of Ecuador, The Tsimane Of Bolivia, And The U.S. Nhanes, Aaron D. Blackwell, Michael D. Gurven, Lawrence S. Sugiyama, Felicia C. Madimenos, Melissa A. Liebert, Melanie A. Martin, Hillard Kaplan, J. Josh Snodgrass

ESI Publications

Background: The peak shift model predicts that the age-profile of a pathogen’s prevalence depends upon its transmission rate, peaking earlier in populations with higher transmission and declining as partial immunity is acquired. Helminth infections are associated with increased immunoglobulin E (IgE), which may convey partial immunity and influence the peak shift. Although studies have noted peak shifts in helminths, corresponding peak shifts in total IgE have not been investigated, nor has the age-patterning been carefully examined across populations. We test for differences in the agepatterning of IgE between two South American forager-horticulturalist populations and the United States: the Tsimane …

Why Do Most Vegetarians Go Back To Eating Meat?, Harold Herzog

Dietary Choice and Foods of Animal Origin Collection

For most people, vegetarianism is temporary phase. Why?

Introduction/Introducción, Robert A. Devillar, Dennis B. Blanton

Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective

Introduction to the issue.

Sixteenth-Century Mechanisms Of Exchange, David J. Hally, Marvin T. Smith

Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective

European artifacts found on Native American archaeological sites have long interested archaeologists. Such artifacts have often been used as temporal markers (Brain 1975, Smith 1987, Smith and Good 1982) or as ways to measure acculturation (Brown 1979a, 1979b, White 1975, Smith 1987), but scholars have paid little attention to the mechanisms which delivered such artifacts to the Native populace (but see Brain 1975, DePratter and Smith 1980, Waselkov 1989). Using historical records, archaeological remains, and, most importantly, the context of the archaeological finds, it should be possible to gain some understanding ofhow European materials were obtained by Native Americans and, …

Recent Investigations Of Mission Period Activity On Sapelo Island, Georgia, Richard W. Jeffries, Christopher R. Moore

Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective

Prior to their retreat to Florida in 1684, Muskogean-speaking Guale Indians inhabited much of what is now the Georgia coast. The arrival of Spanish missionaries in Florida and Georgia in the mid-1500s began what is known archaeologically as the mission period (1568-1684), a time of sustained interaction between the Spanish and the Guale people. Over time, population loss due to European-introduced diseases and conflict with English-backed Native American slave raiders resulted in a drastic reconfiguration of Guale society and the abandonment of the Guale's ancestral homeland (Worth 2007).

Sapelo Island (Figure 6.1) is the site of at least one Spanish …

The San Pedro Mission Village On Cumberland Island, Georgia, Carolyn Brock

Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective

The San Pedro de Mocama mission, located on Cumberland Island, Georgia, was the principal Spanish mission of the Mocama-speaking Timucua Indians from 1587 to the early 1660s. This paper describes some of the results of archaeological fieldwork and research (Rock 2006) completed at the mission village site, technically known as the Dungeness WharfSite (9CM14). (Figure 7.1).

Archaeologically, most mission studies have focused on the missions themselves, particularly on their churches, conventos, and kitchens. At the San Pedro mission village site, however, the church complex has not been located and may have been lost to erosion. Therefore, in the course of …

Indian Agency In Spanish Florida: Some New Findings From Mission Santa Catalina De Guale, David Hurst Thomas

Journal of Global Initiatives: Policy, Pedagogy, Perspective

The resurgence of Spanish mission archaeology in the American Southeast over the last three decades demonstrates the fallacy of the rigid and misleading Borderlands perspective on Franciscan-American Indian interactions. While engaging in the archaeology of Mission Santa Catalina de Guale, I suggested a broader-based,"cubist" approach toward the Spanish Borderlands history to seek, "multiple, simultaneous views of the subject" (Thomas 1989:7). Archaeology can indeed provide a critically important window through which to glimpse the Native American and European interactions in the Borderlands as elsewhere. By "democratizing" the past, archaeologists are framing new perspectives on minority populations and their experiences with dominant …

Mcdaniel, Sue Lynn, B. 1959 (Sc 2461), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Manuscripts Small Collection 2461.  Interview conducted by Sue Lynn McDaniel with Julius Rather on 14 June 2011 at his office in Lexington, Kentucky.  The interview topic was Rather's collection of political memorabilia which he began amassing in 1964 and the establishment of the Julius Rather Political Memorabilia Collection at Western Kentucky University.

Daughters Of The American Revolution - Samuel Davies Chapter - Bowling Green, Kentucky (Mss 363), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Manuscripts Collection 363. Records of the Samuel Davies Chapter of the Daughters of the American Revolution, Bowling Green, Kentucky. Includes membership applications and data, minutes, yearbooks and financial records.

Pibloktoq - A Study Of A Culture-Bound Syndrome In The Circumpolar Region, Rachel D. Higgs

The Macalester Review

In this paper, I examine a Culture Bound Syndrome called pibloktoq that occurs in the circumpolar region. I discuss the history, symptoms, and native and non-native explanations for the disease. Using this information I propose reasons for the continued lack of knowlegde on pibloktoq and future research that may increase our body of knowledge.

Harmon, Mary - Letters To (Sc 2450), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid and full-text of letters (click on "Additional Files" below) for Manuscripts Small Collection 2450.  Letters (2) written to Mary Harmon from Arch Hunt and Sarah Goode, all likely of Simpson County, Kentucky.  Hunt mentions "ole abe Lincoln is dead with out a doubt."  Goode's letter is filled with news about household affairs, social and recreational activities including a revival meeting and fishing, and her health.

Having Your Dog And Eating It Too?, Harold Herzog

Ethics and Animal Welfare Collection

Is it ever ok to eat your dog?

Le Français De Tunisie. Normes Ou Formes Endogènes, Foued Laroussi

Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature

The article deals with some lexical and morphosyntactic aspects of Tunisian French based on examples taken from literary works and the press. These are for the most part lexemes borrowed from Tunisian Arabic, some of which are accepted as standard French. the debate on Tunisian French takes place in a multilingual sociolinguistic context in which users adopt a variety of sometimes conflicting positions. While some attempt to legitimize an endogenous norm, others cling to the exogenous norm which they take as a reference especially in an educational context.

Normes Endogènes : Pratiques Culturelles, Traduction Impossible, Rafaël Lucas

Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature

The words novel, drama and poetry can be translated because they refer to well-known specific concepts. Words referring to endogenous or indigenous forms and norms with cultural codes unknown to us cannot be translated. The translation of these words does not provide much information about them. The word koteba in bambara, a language spoken in Mali, means “a big snail”. The word hainteny (science of speech in Malagasy) refers to a specific type of popular oral poetry. What does the word concert-party (used in Nigeria, Ghana, Togo) or the Swahili word manganja mean? An analysis of these endogenous genres with …

Backroom Treasures: Ct Scanning Of Two Ibis Mummies From The Peabody Museum Collection, Andrew D. Wade, Salima Ikram, Gerald Conlogue, Ronald Beckett, Andrew J. Nelson, Roger Colten

Anthropology Presentations

Museum collections of Egyptian human and animal mummies have great potential for research and museums often curate larger collections than those on exhibit. Scheduling access for medical imaging projects is often complicated for mummies on display because of the important environmental controls under which they are kept. Consequently, collections in storage are often more numerous and more readily available, in terms of time and physical access, than those on exhibit.

Application of computed tomography (CT) to the study of mummified remains allows for detailed three-dimensional evaluations, without the difficulties of superimposition that characterise plain film radiographs. Three-dimensional visualisation, multi-planar reformats …

New Languages Of The State: Indigenous Resurgence And The Politics Of Knowledge In Bolivia, Richard Reed

Tipití: Journal of the Society for the Anthropology of Lowland South America

No abstract provided.

Young Men's Christian Association - Bowling Green, Kentucky (Mss 371), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives

Manuscript Collection Finding Aids

Finding aid only for Manuscripts Collection 371.  Constitution and by-laws, histories, subscriber list, news clippings, photos, and sundry printed promotional pieces used in the campaign to erect a Y.M.C.A. building in Bowling Green, Kentucky.  This material was found in a tin box in the cornerstone of the building when it was razed in 1985.

Geographic Information Systems Correlation Modeling As A Management Tool In The Study Effects Of Environmental Variables’ Effects On Cultural Resources, Brian Wallace

Anthropology Graduate Projects and Theses

Utilizing Geographic Information Systems (GIS) offers the field of Cultural Resource Management greater capacity in managing resources. New regression analysis tools recently released in ESRI ArcGIS software offer potential for determining more accurate statistical analyses of the relationships between cultural material and environmental variables. The contemporary trend of federal cultural resource managers and GIS analysts working with smaller budgets is to allocate fiscal resources for tools which will enable them to continue successfully managing their resource. ArcGIS software continues to be the industry standard in managing spatial data to accurately represent the existence, condition, and location of cultural material. With …

Quels Écrivains Francophones Pour Quelles Normes ?, Daniel Delas

Présence Francophone: Revue internationale de langue et de littérature

With the benefit of historical hindsight, the rise of endogenous linguistic norms, justified in literary practices, can be reassessed. The firstg eneration of African writers such as Camara Laye and Léopold Sédar Senghor, because of their normative educational background, favoured exogenous French standards in their writing. Yet, Kourouma’s fiction is a turning point which initiated new literary practices, borrowing much from ordinary ways of speaking. Does it mean that French in Africa now follows endogenous norms? Without vouching for it, one can at least state the importance of recognizing African literature in French as a major form of expression.