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Articles 14761 - 14790 of 115983
Full-Text Articles in Anthropology
Anthropology And Gis: Temporal And Spatial Distribution Of The Philippine Negrito Groups, Sabino G. Padilla Jr
Anthropology And Gis: Temporal And Spatial Distribution Of The Philippine Negrito Groups, Sabino G. Padilla Jr
Human Biology
The Philippine "negrito" groups comprise a diverse group of populations speaking over 30 different languages, who are spread all over the archipelago, mostly in marginal areas of Luzon Island in the north, the central Visayas islands, and Mindanao in the south. They exhibit physical characteristics that are different from more than 100 Philippine ethnolinguistic groups that are categorized as non-negritos. Given their numbers, it is not surprising that Philippine negritos make up a major category in a number of general ethnographic maps produced since the nineteenth century. Reports from various ethnological surveys during this period, however, have further enriched our …
Genetic Diversity Of Four Filipino Negrito Populations From Luzon: Comparison Of Male And Female Effective Population Sizes And Differential Integration Of Immigrants Into Aeta And Agta Communities, E Heyer, M Georges, M Pachner, P Endicott
Genetic Diversity Of Four Filipino Negrito Populations From Luzon: Comparison Of Male And Female Effective Population Sizes And Differential Integration Of Immigrants Into Aeta And Agta Communities, E Heyer, M Georges, M Pachner, P Endicott
Human Biology
Genetic data corresponding to four negrito populations (two Aeta and two Agta; n = 120) from the Luzon region of the Philippines have been analyzed. These data comprise mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) hypervariable segment 1 haplotypes and haplogroups, Y-chromosome haplogroups and short tandem repeats (STRs), autosomal STRs, and X-chromosome STRs. The genetic diversity and structure of the populations were investigated at a local, regional, and interregional level. We found a high level of autosomal differentiation, combined with no significant reduction in diversity, consistent with long-term settlement of the Luzon region by the ancestors of the Agta and Aeta followed by reduced …
Admixture Patterns And Genetic Differentiation In Negrito Groups From West Malaysia Estimated From Genome-Wide Snp Data, Timothy A. Jinam, Maude E. Phipps, Naruya Saitou, The Hugo Pan-Asian Snp Consortium
Admixture Patterns And Genetic Differentiation In Negrito Groups From West Malaysia Estimated From Genome-Wide Snp Data, Timothy A. Jinam, Maude E. Phipps, Naruya Saitou, The Hugo Pan-Asian Snp Consortium
Human Biology
Southeast Asia houses various culturally and linguistically diverse ethnic groups. In Malaysia, where the Malay, Chinese, and Indian ethnic groups form the majority, there exist minority groups such as the "negritos" who are believed to be descendants of the earliest settlers of Southeast Asia. Here we report patterns of genetic substructure and admixture in two Malaysian negrito populations (Jehai and Kensiu), using ~50,000 genome-wide single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data. We found traces of recent admixture in both the negrito populations, particularly in the Jehai, with the Malay through principal component analysis and STRUCTURE analysis software, which suggested that the admixture was …
The Andaman Islanders In A Regional Genetic Context: Reexamining The Evidence For An Early Peopling Of The Archipelago From South Asia, Gyaneshwer Chaubey, Phillip Endicott
The Andaman Islanders In A Regional Genetic Context: Reexamining The Evidence For An Early Peopling Of The Archipelago From South Asia, Gyaneshwer Chaubey, Phillip Endicott
Human Biology
The indigenous inhabitants of the Andaman Islands were considered by many early anthropologists to be pristine examples of a "negrito" substrate of humanity that existed throughout Southeast Asia. Despite over 150 years of research and study, questions over the extent of shared ancestry between Andaman Islanders and other small-bodied, gracile, dark-skinned populations throughout the region are still unresolved. This shared phenotype could be a product of shared history, evolutionary convergence, or a mixture of both. Recent population genetic studies have tended to emphasize long-term physical isolation of the Andaman Islanders and an affinity to ancestral populations of South Asia. We …
Craniodental Affinities Of Southeast Asia's "Negritos" And The Concordance With Their Genetic Affinities, David Bulbeck
Craniodental Affinities Of Southeast Asia's "Negritos" And The Concordance With Their Genetic Affinities, David Bulbeck
Human Biology
Genetic research into Southeast Asia's "negritos" has revealed their deep-rooted ancestry, with time depth comparable to that of Southwest Pacific populations. This finding is often interpreted as evidence that negritos, in contrast to other Southeast Asians, can trace much of their ancestry directly back to the early dispersal of Homo sapiens in the order of 70 kya from Africa to Pleistocene New Guinea and Australia. One view on negritos is to lump them and Southwest Pacific peoples into an "Australoid" race whose geographic distribution had included Southeast Asia prior to the Neolithic incursion of "Mongoloid" farmers. Studies into Semang osteology …
The Skeletal Phenotype Of "Negritos" From The Andaman Islands And Philippines Relative To Global Variation Among Hunter-Gatherers, Jay T. Stock
Human Biology
The "negrito hypothesis" suggests that populations of small-bodied foragers in South and Southeast Asia who share common phenotypic characteristics may also share a common, ancient origin. The key defining characteristics of the "negrito" phenotype, small body size, dark skin, and tightly curled hair, have been interpreted as linking these populations to sub-Saharan Africans. The underlying assumption of this interpretation is that the observed phenotypic similarities likely reflect shared ancestry rather than phenotypic convergence. Current genetic evidence is inconclusive, as it both demonstrates that negrito populations have genetic affinities with neighboring populations but also rare and ancient variation that suggests considerable …
"Small Size" In The Philippine Human Fossil Record: Is It Meaningful For A Better Understanding Of The Evolutionary History Of The Negritos?, Florent Détroit, Julien Corny, Eusebio Z. Dizon, Armand S. Mijares
"Small Size" In The Philippine Human Fossil Record: Is It Meaningful For A Better Understanding Of The Evolutionary History Of The Negritos?, Florent Détroit, Julien Corny, Eusebio Z. Dizon, Armand S. Mijares
Human Biology
"Pygmy populations" are recognized in several places over the world, especially in Western Africa and in Southeast Asia (Philippine "negritos," for instance). Broadly defined as "small-bodied Homo sapiens" (compared with neighboring populations), their origins and the nature of the processes involved in the maintenance of their phenotype over time are highly debated. Major results have been recently obtained from population genetics on present-day negrito populations, but their evolutionary history remains largely unresolved. We present and discuss the Upper Pleistocene human remains recovered from Tabon Cave and Callao Cave in the Philippines, which are potentially highly relevant to these research …
Hunter-Gatherers In Southeast Asia: From Prehistory To The Present, Charles Higham
Hunter-Gatherers In Southeast Asia: From Prehistory To The Present, Charles Higham
Human Biology
Anatomically modern hunter-gatherers expanded from Africa into Southeast Asia at least 50,000 years ago, where they probably encountered and interacted with populations of Homo erectus and Homo floresiensis and the recently discovered Denisovans. Simulation studies suggest that these hunter-gatherers may well have followed a coastal route that ultimately led to the settlement of Sahul, while archaeology confirms that they also crossed significant seas and explored well into the interior. They also adapted to marked environmental changes that alternated between relatively cool and dry conditions and warmer, wetter interludes. During the former, the sea fell by up to 120 m below …
Introduction: Revisiting The "Negrito" Hypothesis: A Transdisciplinary Approach To Human Prehistory In Southeast Asia, Phillip Endicott
Introduction: Revisiting The "Negrito" Hypothesis: A Transdisciplinary Approach To Human Prehistory In Southeast Asia, Phillip Endicott
Human Biology
The "negrito" hypothesis predicts that a shared phenotype among various contemporary groups of hunter-gatherers in Southeast Asia - dark skin, short stature, tight curly hair - is due to common descent from a region-wide, pre-Neolithic substrate of humanity. The alternative is that their distinctive phenotype results from convergent evolution. The core issues of the negrito hypothesis are today more relevant than ever to studies of human evolution, including the out-of-Africa migration, admixture with Denisovans, and the effects of environment and ecology on life-history traits. Understanding the current distribution of the negrito phenotype dictates a wide-ranging remit for study, including the …
Bert Salwen- A Recollection, John L. Cotter
Bert Salwen- A Recollection, John L. Cotter
Northeast Historical Archaeology
A recollection of the life and work of Bert Salwen.
"Something Rich And Strange": Reburial In New York City, Anne-Marie Cantwell
"Something Rich And Strange": Reburial In New York City, Anne-Marie Cantwell
Northeast Historical Archaeology
This article describes and discusses three recent cases in New York City in which anthropologists were involved in the identification, sanctification, and reburial of human remains. These examples show how living peoples may reach back into the past and join with the dead to form a desired "imagined community." Also discussed are the roles of anthropologists in these transformations of the dead into symbols of a desired body politic. Anthropologists who once focused on interpreting past social constructions are increasingly finding themselves playing crucial roles in the creation of modern ones.
Representations Of The Local Past: Gilded Age And Bureaucratic Accounts Of The Minisink, 1889 To The Present, Wendy Harris
Representations Of The Local Past: Gilded Age And Bureaucratic Accounts Of The Minisink, 1889 To The Present, Wendy Harris
Northeast Historical Archaeology
The process whereby local pasts are made meaningful varies through time and among different communities. While historians, philosophers, and anthropologists have long been intrigued by the problem of historical practice, their discussions remain speculative. This paper examines the specific social conditions of production of a single local past. During the late 19th-century, the members of the Minisink Valley Historical Society in Port Jervis, New York, engaged in the imaginative construction of a place they named "the Minisink"- an early frontier region encompassing portions of the Upper Delaware River Valley. The Society's account is examined and compared to accounts produced a …
Alternatives To Archaeological Data Recovery, Joel I. Klein
Alternatives To Archaeological Data Recovery, Joel I. Klein
Northeast Historical Archaeology
Archaeological data recovery ("salvage" excavation" is currently the principal method of mitigating project-related impacts to archaeological sites. The expense, uncertainties, and complicated logistics associated with archaeological data recovery are causing more and more cultural resource managers to seek alternative approaches to mitigation. This paper examines some of these alternatives in terms of their applicability to particular kinds of utility projects, the degree to which they satisfy the spirit as well as the letter of historic preservation laws and regulations, and the nature of objections that have been raised regarding their implementation. Among the alternative approaches considered will be avoidance as …
An Archaeological Analysis Of Spatial Patterning In College Dormitory Rooms, Rose Garvin-Jackson
An Archaeological Analysis Of Spatial Patterning In College Dormitory Rooms, Rose Garvin-Jackson
Northeast Historical Archaeology
Bert Salwen's (1973) pilot study of dormitory residents' behavior is used to demonstrate that patterning in a modern, above-ground site can be investigated with archaeological techniques. The spatial patterning in 89 dormitory rooms is analyzed to identify the various types of territories maintained by the residents. Several sociocultural variables are then selected to see if specific spatial behavior can be linked with given attributes.
The Archaeology Of 19th-Century Health And Hygiene At The Sullivan Street Site, New York City, Jean E. Howson
The Archaeology Of 19th-Century Health And Hygiene At The Sullivan Street Site, New York City, Jean E. Howson
Northeast Historical Archaeology
The households represented by archaeological remains at the Sullivan Street site in Greenwich Village are used to explore issues related to health care in 19th-century New York City. Backyard features and domestic artifact assemblages are discussed in the context of institutional development and specific changes in medical practice. Consumer choices are seen as responses to differential access to sanitation, medical care, and information. Social class had a significant effect on both the infrastructure and material culture of health and hygiene for these households.
Local Trade In Pre-Revolutionary New Jersey, Rebecca Yamin
Local Trade In Pre-Revolutionary New Jersey, Rebecca Yamin
Northeast Historical Archaeology
Following Bert Salwen's inductive approach to historical archaeology, this paper discusses the Raritan Landing project as a starting point for understanding local trade in pre-Revolutionary New Jersey. Salwen's dedication to "important historical issues" is demonstrated by this student's study, which moves from idiosyncratic artifact patterning to historiographic research to ceramic analysis and theoretical explanation. Tentative conclusions are drawn about New Jersey's pre-Revolutionary local trade and areas for further investigation are suggested.
Bert Salwen's Involvement With Historical Archaeology And Cultural Resource Management, Late 1960s-1988, Lorraine E. Williams, Nan A. Rothschild, Diana Di Zerega Wall
Bert Salwen's Involvement With Historical Archaeology And Cultural Resource Management, Late 1960s-1988, Lorraine E. Williams, Nan A. Rothschild, Diana Di Zerega Wall
Northeast Historical Archaeology
A note on Bert Salwen's work in historical archaeology and cultural resource management.
The Mahicans, The Dutch, And The Schodack Islands In The 17th And 18th Centuries, Paul R. Huey
The Mahicans, The Dutch, And The Schodack Islands In The 17th And 18th Centuries, Paul R. Huey
Northeast Historical Archaeology
Documentary research calls attention to the historical and archaeological significance of an area that once consisted of three separate islands on the east side of the Hudson River below Albany. The area, called "Schodack," included the traditional council fire of the Mahican Indians. The history of these islands can be traced from 1609, when Hudson's ship, the Half Moon, anchored near them through the colonial period. Despite extensive purchases of land by the Dutch elsewhere on both sides of the river soon after 1630, the Mahican Indian owners and occupants of these fertile islands resisted selling them to the acquisitive …
Evidence Of The Niantic Indians In The Archaeological Record, Anthony J. Puniello
Evidence Of The Niantic Indians In The Archaeological Record, Anthony J. Puniello
Northeast Historical Archaeology
The ethnohistorical record indicate that during the 17th century a group of Indians, called the Niantic, occupied the area of southwestern Rhode Island and southeastern Connecticut. The purpose of this paper is to determine if the archaeological record supports this observation. This is accomplished by the examination of the geographical distribution of several ceramic attributes identified with the pottery type "Niantic Stamped," which researchers have assumed was manufactured by the Niantic Indians.
Indian Forts Of The Mid-17th Century In The Southern New England-New York Coastal Area, Ralph S. Solecki
Indian Forts Of The Mid-17th Century In The Southern New England-New York Coastal Area, Ralph S. Solecki
Northeast Historical Archaeology
According to a recent hypothesis in connection with the emergence of the wampum trade, some 17th-century Indian forts in the southern New England-New York coastal area were built as trading stations rather than for defense or refuge. This proposition has not been fully explored. An examination of the data from the known Indian forts on Long Island and across the Long Island Sound in Connecticut and Rhode Island indicates that the proposition needs review. Only three out of nine forts discussed here appear to qualify as trading stations. These date comparatively later in the second half of the 17th century.
Pottery Production And Cultural Process: Prehistoric Ceramics From The Morgan Site, Lucianne Lavin, Fred Gudrian, Laurie Miroff
Pottery Production And Cultural Process: Prehistoric Ceramics From The Morgan Site, Lucianne Lavin, Fred Gudrian, Laurie Miroff
Northeast Historical Archaeology
Bert Salwen was a pioneer in the study of prehistoric ceramics. In this paper, we use Bert's procedures of classification and interpretation to analyze the pottery assemblage from the Morgan site, a Late Woodland horticultural community located in the lower Connecticut drainage at Rocky Hill, Connecticut. The analysis provides insight into Native American cultural development in southern New England during the 12th and 14th centuries A.D. especially in the realm of social interaction and inter-regional exchange with Hudson valley groups.
Prehistoric Adaptations On Fishers Island, New York: Progress Report, Robert E. Funk, John E. Pfeiffer
Prehistoric Adaptations On Fishers Island, New York: Progress Report, Robert E. Funk, John E. Pfeiffer
Northeast Historical Archaeology
Archaeological and paleoenvironmental research since 1985 on Fishers Island, New York has delineated a partially radiocarbon-dated Native American cultural sequence beginning in the Late Archaic period c. 4200 B.P. and ending at the Contact period c. A.D. 1600. Investigated settlement types included shell middens, lithic workshops, and inland hunting-gathering camps. Subsistence remains, including nuts, mollusks, and the bones of mammals, fishes, and birds indicate sporadic occupation of the island from spring through fall. Pollen recovered from both fresh water bogs and salt marshes evidence a typical postglacial forest succession beginning with the spruce-fir zone at about 13,000 B.P. and ending …
Bert Salwen's Prehistory: 1962-1983, Dena F. Dincauze
Bert Salwen's Prehistory: 1962-1983, Dena F. Dincauze
Northeast Historical Archaeology
A summary of some of the accomplishments of Bert Salwen.
Introduction, Nan A. Rothschild, Diana Di Zerega Wall
Introduction, Nan A. Rothschild, Diana Di Zerega Wall
Northeast Historical Archaeology
Introduction to the volume dedicated to Bert Salwen.
Good Shepherds Alfombras Demonstration (Fa 638), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Good Shepherds Alfombras Demonstration (Fa 638), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Folklife Archives Finding Aids
Finding aid only for Folklife Archives Project 638. Included in this collection are two digital videocassette tapes, one videotape, and photo documentation of the Good Shepherds Alfombras Demonstration.
"You-Me-Unity" Multicultural Folklife Festival - London, Kentucky (Fa 637), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
"You-Me-Unity" Multicultural Folklife Festival - London, Kentucky (Fa 637), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Folklife Archives Finding Aids
This collection features publications and photo documentation of the 2006 “You-Me-Unity” festival held on 27-28 October 2006 in London, Kentucky. Booths and presentations were given by local traditional artisans as well as Kentucky historians at the Bennett Center.
Kentucky State University - Frankfort, Kentucky - Homecoming (Fa 639), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Kentucky State University - Frankfort, Kentucky - Homecoming (Fa 639), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Folklife Archives Finding Aids
Finding aid only for Folklife Archives Project 639. This collection features documentation of the October 2007 Kentucky State University (KSU) Homecoming festivities, as well as KSU's presentation at the Kentucky Folklife Festival.
Editor's Introduction, Jr. Aguilar
Editor's Introduction, Jr. Aguilar
Philippine Studies: Historical and Ethnographic Viewpoints
No abstract provided.
Organ And Tissue Donor Project (Fa 636), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Organ And Tissue Donor Project (Fa 636), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Folklife Archives Finding Aids
Finding aid only for Folklife Archives Project 636. This collection features oral histories with either donors or recipients of organ or tissue transplants within the state of Kentucky.
Eighth Of August Homecoming Emancipation Celebration - Paducah, Kentucky (Fa 635), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Eighth Of August Homecoming Emancipation Celebration - Paducah, Kentucky (Fa 635), Manuscripts & Folklife Archives
Folklife Archives Finding Aids
Finding aid only for Folklife Archives Project 635. This collection features information about the Eighth of August Homecoming Emancipation Celebration held in Paducah, Kentucky. At this celebration, African Americans pay tribute to their heritage with a memorial service, homecoming picnic, a salute to black music, and other activities.