Food Security Commons^™

Bear In Mind Ardent Entrustment, Protect Black Soil Granary, Jun Han

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

General Secretary Xi Jinping, during his visit to Jilin in July 2020, pointed out that the Lishu model shall be thoroughly reviewed and summarized for dissemination, and effective measures shall be taken to protect and utilize the black soil, as precious as the giant panda, so as to benefit the people forever. Since then, Jilin Provincial Committee of the Communist Party of China and Provincial Government have been bearing this entrustment with heart and putting people as the priority, when taking the great responsibilities of protecting the nation's food security and firmly pushing forward the implementation of the national black …

Carry Forward The Huanghuaihai Spirit Of Agricultural Science And Technology, And Safeguard China’S Food Security, Yan Zeng, Hongsheng Wang, Yongsheng Han, Rui Duan, Ming Sun, Ya Wen

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

“Scientific achievements are inseparable from spiritual support. The academic spirit is the precious wealth accumulated by researchers and engineers in long-term academic career.” In the 1980s, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) launched Huanghuaihai Innovation Campaign of agricultural science and technology for the reclamation of saline-alkali land. The Campaign successfully improve the overall production capacity in the North China Plain. The Huanghuaihai Spirit, emerged in this multidisciplinary and crossfield large-scale scientific and technological campaign, is not only the precious spiritual wealth of CAS, but also an important source of strength for achieving a substantial increase in grain production. In the new …

Thinking And Implementation Approach Of Science And Technology Strategy Of Well Raising Black Soil—Overall Idea And Implementation Planning Of Strategy Priority Research Program Of Chinese Academy Of Sciences On Black Soil Conservation And Utilization, Ming Jiang, Ya Wen, Ming Sun, Hongsheng Wang, Yan Zeng, Yongbin Han, Xiujun Li, Haitao Wu, Lujun Li, Shangqi Xu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The Science and Technology Innovation Project of Black Soil Conservation and Utilization (Black Soil Granary) is a Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), it is the core measure of the "Science and Technology (Sci-Tech) Campaign for Black Soil Granary" launched by CAS together with provinces and autonomous region of Northeast China, and also the core measures to implement General Secretary Xi Jinping's series guiding principle relating to well utilize and protect the black soil in Northeast China. Better utilization and protection of black soil is crucially important to the national food security, and the program of …

Black Soil Protection And Utilization Based On Harmonization Of Mountain-River-Forest-Farmland-Lake-Grassland-Sandy Land Ecosystems And Strategic Construction Of Ecological Barrier, Jiabao Zhang, Bo Sun, Jiaojun Zhu, Jingkuan Wang, Xicai Pan, Tian Gao

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The black soil in northeast China presents a trend of thinning, hardening, impoverishment, and acidification under the longterm high-intensity utilization, and faces the water resources shortage and ecological environment imbalance. Thus, the coordination between soil and water resources and environment has become the bottleneck of sustainable agricultural development in northeast China. The black soil protection and utilization is not only a problem of cultivated land system itself, but also a problem of harmonization of mountain-river-forest-farmland-lake-grassland-sandy land ecosystem. To achieve the goal of sustainable use of the black soil, it is necessary to give full play to the function of soil …

Agricultural Simulator: Using Intelligent Technology To Get Data Flow For Black Land Protection, Ninghui Sun, Yucheng Zhang, Hongsheng Wang, Zichen Liu, Haihua Chen, Guangming Tan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Information technology is deeply penetrating into all walks of life. Through the acquisition of massive data, modeling and analysis in the information space, it has become an effective means to solve practical problems in the information society. At present, China is vigorously implementing black soil conservation projects. Aiming at the complex system protection engineering, it is necessary to rely on the strength of information technology to carry out problem modeling and algorithm solving in the process of black soil utilization and protection, and find the best protection way through simulation and emulation. Based on the analysis of the black land …

Overall Promotion Of Black Soil Protection And Rural Revitalization: Internal Logic, Main Routes And Policy Suggestions, Quansheng Ge, Jieyong Wang, Huiyi Zhu

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Promoting black soil protection and sustainability is the essential and guarantee of rural revitalization in Northeast China, and rural vitalization is the fundamental way to realize the persistent protection of black soil. Only by coordinating and promoting the overall black soil protection and rural revitalization, can we find the solution to solve the contradiction between black soil protection and the rural economic development in Northeast China black soil region, hence to push in full gear the ecological construction and rural revitalization of the region. Meanwhile, the overall black soil protection should promote the rural revitalization and rural revitalization should facilitate …

Ensuring National Food Security By Strengthening High-Productivity Black Soil Granary In Northeast China, Baoguo Li, Zhong Liu, Feng Huang, Xiaoguang Yang, Zhijuan Liu, Wei Wan, Jiangkuan Wang, Yingde Xu, Zizhong Li, Tusheng Ren

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Food security is an important guarantee of national security. The northeast black soil region is an important commodity grain production base in China, which plays a fundamental role in ensuring national food security. However, the highly intensive, unreasonable or excessive use of cultivated land in this region has caused serious black soil degradation. Therefore, how to make the Black Soil Granary to provide efficient and sustainable guarantee for national food security is a scientific problem requiring urgent solutions. This paper systematically illuminates the agricultural development of high-productivity black soils since the reform and opening-up. On this basis, the paper systematically …

Main Achievements, Challenges, And Recommendations Of Black Soil Conservation And Utilization In China, Xiaozeng Han, Wenxiu Zou, Fan Yang

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

The conservation and utilization of black soil have achieved remarkable results under effective measures and active promotion taken by different departments in China. At present, the conservation and utilization of black soil have been upgraded to national strategy and incorporated into related planning and outline, major scientific advances have been achieved. The black soil conservation and utilization have also been listed into the important governmental schedules in Heilongjiang Province, Jilin Province, Liaoning Province, and Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region in Northeast China. The promotional mechanisms of black soil conservation and utilization have been established, approaches of black soil conservation and utilization …

Research And Practice Of Conservation Tillage In Black Soil Region Of Northeast China, Man Ao, Xudong Zhang, Yixin Guan

Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Chinese Version)

Compared with soil degradation of black soil of other areas in the world, which caused by conventional tillage regarding as ploughed with residue return, soil degradation in Northeast China caused by rotary-till and residue remove or burning is more serious. Conservation tillage with residue cover and no or reduced tillage is one of the most important techniques for the protection and utilization of black soil. This paper briefly presents the derivation and definition of conservation tillage, and its main techniques in the world, as well as the issue of application and extension in China. Over the past 15 years, the …

Novel Pilot Development Of A Closed-Loop Sustainable System Between Biogas Renewable Energy, Distilling, And Aquaculture By Vermiculture Of Stillage Wastes, Samuel C. Kessler

The Cardinal Edge

This study provides a mixed-methods approach in analyzing a potential closed-loop system between renewable biogas production from anaerobic digestion, vermiculture production, aquaculture production, and organic wastes with a particular focus on stillage wastes. Such system may hold significant promise for significantly reducing organic carbon and methane emissions from its components, and should be assessed for such. The 2021 IPCC report essentially identified methane reduction as the single fastest way to slow global warming (IPCC, 2021), making the study and implementation of methane-reducing systems and supportive policy for them critical. Knowledge gaps to implementing this system were qualitatively identified as disconnect …

Biosecurity Council Of Western Australia Annual Report 2020/2021, Biosecurity Council Of Western Australia

Biosecurity published reports

Understanding the needs and challenges of industry, community and government is key to ensuring relevant and constructive advice to government. During 2020/21, the Council continued to monitor biosecurity-related developments at national and State levels and proactively engaged with industry, community and government on biosecurity matters. The key areas of advice that were progressed during the year were:

• mechanisms for funding biosecurity in WA
• the effectiveness of WA’s border biosecurity system
• how Western Australians perceive ‘biosecurity’ and their role in pest, weed and disease prevention, surveillance and response; and
• the quadruple bottom line of biosecurity.

Apiculture Adaptations In A Shifting World: The Beekeeper’S Experience Across The Globe, Katherine Lloyd

Capstone Collection

Existing research suggests that changes in climate, such as rainfall and temperature shifts, will threaten bees’ main food sources and cause detrimental impacts on apiculture globally. Despite this, to the best of the author’s knowledge, there is little available by way of research relating to how beekeepers themselves experience these increased pressures to their practices. This research project investigated the experiences of beekeepers in the United States, Malawi, and Cameroon. Surveys of US beekeepers, and interviews with Malawian and Cameroonian beekeepers were coded for emergent themes and surveys were analyzed via descriptive statistics. Major differences in challenges reported by beekeepers …

Testing The Effects Of Two Field-To-Fork Programs On The Nutritional Outcomes Of Elementary School Students From Diverse And Lower-Income Communities, Kimberly R. Hartson, Kristi M. King, Carol O'Neal, Aishia Brown, Toluwanimi Olajuyigbe, Shakeyrah Elmore, Angelique Perez

Faculty and Staff Scholarship

The purpose of this quasi-experimental study was to evaluate the effects of two farm-to-school programs, specifically the Field-to-Fork Multi-visit Program (N  =  264) and the Field-to-Fork After-school Club (N  =  56), on nutritional outcomes of elementary school students (third to fifth grade) from urban, diverse, and lower-income communities. Data were collected via self-report surveys measuring: (a) knowledge of recommendations for daily fruit and vegetable intake; (b) fruit and vegetable consumption; (c) knowledge of cooking a healthy recipe using vegetables; and (d) desire for farm fresh foods at school. Statistical analyses included McNemar’s and Wilcoxon signed rank tests. The …

Evaluating The Economics Of Gluten-Free Households, Keia Mornys Alicia Jones

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Over the past two decades, the diagnoses of gluten allergies and celiac disease has increased significantly. Although there has been no development of a cure for either ailment, these conditions can be managed by the elimination of glutenous foods from a person’s diet. In previous studies, the financial cost of replacing or excluding glutenous foods was higher than the financial cost of diets that do not exclude gluten. The objective of this study is to examine the differences in the economic feasibility of a conventional diet in comparison to a gluten-free diet. Using a sample of foods and prices from …

Are Rice Markets In Bangladesh Efficiently Pricing Rice Based On Quality? An Empirical Assessment, Indrani Saha

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Rice is an important staple for more than half of the world’s population and is the main staple in Bangladesh, accounting for 65 percent to 70 percent of the daily calorie intake. The importance of rice consumption and the high level of food insecurity in Bangladesh highlights the importance of having markets that efficiently price rice according to consumer preferences. This study aims to assess how effectively rice prices in Bangladesh are reflective of rice quality. More specifically, we estimate how the rice market is currently pricing selected rice quality attributes, such as broken percentage, chalk percentage, kernel size and …

A Living City: Food Accessibility And Urban Growth In New York City, Kat Coleman

Student Theses 2015-Present

This paper examines the way in which food equity and localization initiatives, specifically in New York City, are a vital response to urban growth and sustainable food demand. Improvements to the current food system in the form of changing the way food is produced, procured, stored, transported, and distributed improves nutrition and contributes to urban sustainability. Chapter 1 provides data on urban environmental justice issues related to food equity, drawing on research from the United Nations and food justice organizations in New York City. Chapter 2 explores the ethical issues surrounding food access and food justice in an increasingly urban …

Intangible Cultural Heritage: A Benefit To Climate-Displaced And Host Communities, Gül Aktürk, Martha B. Lerski

Publications and Research

Climate change is borderless, and its impacts are not shared equally by all communities. It causes an imbalance between people by creating a more desirable living environment for some societies while erasing settlements and shelters of some others. Due to floods, sea level rise, destructive storms, drought, and slow-onset factors such as salinization of water and soil, people lose their lands, homes, and natural resources. Catastrophic events force people to move voluntarily or involuntarily. The relocation of communities is a debatable climate adaptation measure which requires utmost care with human rights, ethics, and psychological well-being of individuals upon the issues …

Quality Determinates Of Rice Price In Open Bag Markets In Sub-Saharan Africa, Bailey Peterson-Wilhelm

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

Weaknesses in the grades and standards system in low-income countries across Sub-Saharan Africa undermine the transparency of agricultural markets. In the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Ghana and Mozambique rice is predominately sold in open bags and if rice price does not reflect its quality, then inefficiencies may lead to consumer welfare losses. Importantly, it is possible that impoverished communities are priced out of the market due to inflated and inefficient prices. The objective of this study is to examine determinates of rice price by estimating the impact of selected rice quality attributes on rice prices in DRC, Ghana …

The Pandemic, Climate Change And Farm Subsidies, Allen H. Olson, Edward J. Peterson

Journal of Food Law & Policy

Many people believe that once the COVID-19 pandemic has passed, life will return to the way it was. This belief is both unrealistic and dangerous. It is unrealistic because the virus will be around for years if not indefinitely. The timeframe for the worst of the pandemic will depend on our ability to administer effective vaccines worldwide and the public’s willingness to accept continued social distancing in the meantime. The damage done to public health, the economy and individuals is already substantial and will get worse. Recovery will be slow and incomplete. The belief that life will return to the …

“The Role Of Poultry On Food Insecurity In Mozambique”, Austin Heinisch

Finance Undergraduate Honors Theses

Hunger, poverty, and starvation in developing countries are some of the most prevalent challenges facing the world today but many people outside of these areas are not fully aware as to just how bad it is. In the country of Mozambique, where the following research took place, food insecurity levels are rampant, and many different groups/companies are trying to change that. Through a service-learning study abroad program in the summer of 2019, my group and I worked with the local company New Horizons to research ways in which poultry production for both the company and their rural out growers could …

Can Small-Scale Poultry Initiatives Alleviate Food Insecurity And Increase Empowerment For Women In Economically Disadvantaged Areas?, Patrick Daniels

Accounting Undergraduate Honors Theses

In the summer of 2019, I, along with 8 other students from the University of Arkansas departed the United States for the Central American country of Belize. Despite our limited knowledge of what Belize held in store for us, we were enthusiastic about the coming months. While we had different projects, we all set out with the same universal question in mind. How can we use the knowledge we have gained through education to make a positive impact on the lives of people living in an impoverished town? Some of the members of our team worked alongside local businesses to …

Optimization Of Broken Rice Consumption Through Understanding The Confluence Of Sensory And Economic Preferences, Matthew Greer Richardson

Graduate Theses and Dissertations

The authors were perplexed by the seeming dichotomy between the majority 70% of Haitian consumers being chronically food insecure, but still preferring to pay premium international market prices for long-grain rice that constitutes 30% of the calories in this poorest nation in the Western Hemisphere. The aim of this study was to determine the optimal percent broken rice in regards to price specifically to Haiti. Optimization between quality and price point is seen as the best rice for the price, and can be found through combining individual preferences with willingness to pay. Broken rice (brokens) garner a significantly discounted price …

Combatting Inefficient Food Waste In Nwa With Food Loops, Davis Ehlers

Economics Undergraduate Honors Theses

It is no longer a speculation that the actions of the human race have had detrimental impacts on the environment. As consumers become increasingly aware of this fact- and the fact that many of the issues are caused by bad business and environmental management, many individuals are wondering what they can do about it. This growing area of demand is where many businesses have begun to take on the challenge of being profitable while benefiting the environment at the same time, and some have even found ways to create a profit by engaging in activities that directly benefit the environment. …

Faith, Farming And Food Justice, Catherine Curran

Charles Rice Post-Graduate Research Fellowship

Through a liberationist lens, religion and social justice are more similar than different. Food illuminates opportunities for building collective agency and community resilience in which religion and social justice might serve one another (White 2018). Specifically, faith communities can contribute to local food systems by using church-owned lands to provide access to farmland for beginning and BIPOC farmers, improve access to fresh, healthy produce, and enhance food security (FaithLands 2021). Faith communities are shifting mindsets from charity to justice and scarcity to abundance while addressing rural child hunger (Lietz-Bilecky 2020). Overall, this paper explores unique ways the Christian food movement …

Recognize Fish As Food In Policy Discourse And Development Funding, Abigail Bennett, Xavier Basurto, John Virdin, Xinyan Lin, Samantha J. Betances, Martin D. Smith, Edward H. Allison, Barbara A. Best, Kelly D. Brownell, Lisa M. Campbell, Christopher D. Golden, Elizabeth Havice, Christina C. Hicks, Peter J. Jacques, Kristin Kleisner, Niels Lindquist, Rafaella Lobo, Grant D. Grant, Michelle B. Nowlin, Pawan G. Patil, Douglas N. Rader, Stephen E. Roady, Shakuntala H. Thilsted, Sarah Zoubek

Faculty Scholarship

The international development community is off-track from meeting targets for alleviating global malnutrition. Meanwhile, there is growing consensus across scientific disciplines that fish plays a crucial role in food and nutrition security. However, this ‘fish as food’ perspective has yet to translate into policy and development funding priorities. We argue that the traditional framing of fish as a natural resource emphasizes economic development and biodiversity conservation objectives, whereas situating fish within a food systems perspective can lead to innovative policies and investments that promote nutrition-sensitive and socially equitable capture fisheries and aquaculture. This paper highlights four pillars of research needs …

A Snowball Effect: A Pandemic’S Impacts On Household Food Insecurity In The United States, Sidie Sahid Sisay

Dissertations and Theses

Economic insecurity exists whenever income sources are uncertain, and this is a failure of a fundamental human right. The Covid-19 pandemic has presented unprecedented disruptions to the US economy and has created unparalleled food insufficiency and economic hardships. Before the pandemic, household food insufficiency existed but downplayed in the political arena. In 2019, 10.5 percent of households in the US lived in extreme poverty and were food insecure, the lowest since 1959, but the pandemic has had devastating effects on household food insufficiency. This paper uses nationally representative data from the Census Bureau’s weekly household pulse survey, coupled with standard …

“We’Re, Like, The Most Unhealthy People In The Country”: Employing An Equity Lens To Reduce Barriers To Healthy Food Access In Rural Appalachia, Kathryn Cardarelli, Emily M. Dewitt, Rachel Gillespie, Heather Norman-Burgdolf, Natalie Jones, Janet Tietyen Mullins

Dietetics and Human Nutrition Faculty Publications

Introduction

Obesity disproportionately affects rural communities, and Appalachia has some of the highest obesity rates in the nation. Successful policy, systems, and environmental (PSE) interventions to reduce obesity must reflect the circumstances of the population. We used a health equity lens to identify barriers and facilitators for healthy food access in Martin County, Kentucky, to design interventions responsive to social, cultural, and historical contexts.

Methods

We conducted 5 focus groups in Martin County, Kentucky, in fall 2019 to obtain perspectives on the local food system and gauge acceptability of PSE interventions. We used grounded theory to identify perceived barriers and …

A Crisis Of Kelp, Rachel L. Sherman

Capstones

Along with insects and lab-grown meat, for years seaweed has been lauded as a sustainable “food of the future” by the U.N. Food and Agricultural Organization. As the world increasingly turns to alternative foods in pursuit of a healthier Earth, seaweed has all the makings of an ecological savior. It’s plentiful — seaweeds and ocean algae make up roughly nine tenths of all the plant life on Earth — it’s cheap to harvest and get to market, packed with nutrition, and keeps oceans clean, absorbing more carbon dioxide and releasing more oxygen than the world’s rainforests.

But outside of Japanese …

Assessment Of Grain Safety In Developing Nations, Jose R. Mendoza

Department of Food Science and Technology: Dissertations, Theses, and Student Research

Grains are the most widely consumed foods worldwide, with maize (Zea mays) being frequently consumed in developing countries where it feeds approximately 900 million people under the poverty line of 2 USD per day. While grain handling practices are acceptable in most developed nations, many developing nations still face challenges such as inadequate field management, drying, and storage. Faulty grain handling along with unavoidably humid climates result in recurrent fungal growth and spoilage, which compromises both the end-quality and safety of the harvest. This becomes particularly problematic where there is little awareness about health risks associated with poor …

Aquaculture Development Plan For Western Australia: Focusing On The Key Foundations Of Growth - November 2020, Department Of Primary Industries And Regional Development, Western Australia

Fisheries Published Reports

The Aquaculture Plan has been developed in response to a government commitment and informed by input from industry and the Regional Development Commissions. Consultation on this Aquaculture Plan provided further opportunity for comments and discussions within the aquaculture sector as well as relevant external agencies. A final draft was released on the Department of Primary Industries and Regional Development’s (DPIRD) website for a consultation period, affording the opportunity for public feedback.

The Aquaculture Plan is included and referenced in DPIRD’s Primary Industries Plan.

The development of the Aquaculture Plan has also been informed by the Aquaculture Industry Engagement Consortium (2017), …