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Articles 22141 - 22170 of 26090
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Winners And Losers In The Remaking Of American Healthcare Payment Systems Following The Aca : A Theory Of Private-Actor Policymaking And Implications For Democratic Decision Making, Heather G. Bennett
Winners And Losers In The Remaking Of American Healthcare Payment Systems Following The Aca : A Theory Of Private-Actor Policymaking And Implications For Democratic Decision Making, Heather G. Bennett
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
On March 23, 2010, President Obama signed the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act into law, thereby ushering in the most sweeping, expansive changes to the American healthcare system since the creation of Medicare and Medicaid in 1965. Supporters, including healthcare advocates, celebrated the passage of the ACA as a defining moment in healthcare history. As broad policy reform influenced practice on the ground in the months and years after passage, physicians working in private practices and hospitals changed some things about the way that they treat patients. Yet, following interviews with doctors and medical office practice managers to talk …
"We Get Nothing" : An Ethnography Of Participatory Development And Gender Mainstreaming In A Water Project For The Bhil Of Central India, Indrakshi Tandon
"We Get Nothing" : An Ethnography Of Participatory Development And Gender Mainstreaming In A Water Project For The Bhil Of Central India, Indrakshi Tandon
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Through the close examination of a state-sponsored watershed project being implemented by Association for Integrated Social Development (AISD) in the district of Jhabua, Madhya Pradesh, this dissertation project explores how current development approaches in water projects impact its intended targets, in this case the Bhil tribal community. A key aspect of this research is to analyze in detail how development narratives such as participatory or bottom-up approaches and gender mainstreaming often result in unintended consequences. With a focus on the gendered nature of participatory policies, I argue that popular development practices in India often lead to governing and managing target …
Bayesian Analysis In Adult Skeletal Age-At-Death Estimation, With Additional Consideration Of Pathological Variables, Jessica L. Campbell
Bayesian Analysis In Adult Skeletal Age-At-Death Estimation, With Additional Consideration Of Pathological Variables, Jessica L. Campbell
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
A common task bioarchaeologists face is to estimate age-at-death in populations that have no corresponding documentation. This poses many challenges, the first of which is that age-at-death is highly variable within and among populations and can be further confounded by genetic and environmental influences, as well as other components of the biological profile. Estimating age-at-death in a historic sample can be even more challenging due to missing age indicators or taphonomic changes that obscure the features. Bayesian Analysis offers the potential to mitigate these challenges and to estimate age-at-death with lower degrees of uncertainty and higher probabilities of increased accuracy …
An Expansion Of A Model Of Depression In Multiple Sclerosis : Emotion Regulation And Coping As Moderators Of The Relationship Between Functional Disability And Adjustment To Disease, Elizabeth W. Raffanello
An Expansion Of A Model Of Depression In Multiple Sclerosis : Emotion Regulation And Coping As Moderators Of The Relationship Between Functional Disability And Adjustment To Disease, Elizabeth W. Raffanello
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an immune-mediate disease affecting the central nervous system (CNS), producing a range of physical and emotional symptoms. Psychological disorders, particularly depression and anxiety, are common in MS, but only partially accounted for by MS symptoms. The associations between common MS sequelae (e.g., fatigue, pain, disability) and mental health indicators are weak and inconsistent, suggesting the presence of moderators. This research study examined two possible moderators of the association between MS sequelae and adjustment to disease: emotion regulation and coping. Emotion regulation refers to the processes used to modulate emotional experiences. It is closely related to coping, …
Adorno's Concept Of The Good : Peaceful Tensions And The Precipice Of Paradise, Sean Mckeever
Adorno's Concept Of The Good : Peaceful Tensions And The Precipice Of Paradise, Sean Mckeever
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Interpretations of Adorno have been dominated by the puzzle of his own theory. The dominant questions center on the internal consistency of his project. Detractors claim that thinking in general and Adorno’s project in particular relies on the same foundations—concepts like instrumental reasoning—that his theory itself seeks to criticize. This means that Adorno himself becomes implicated in his own critique and his entire project is neutered. Many interpreters have sought to come to Adorno’s aid to show that his project is consistent and potent, in part, because it shows us another way of thinking. Proponents of both sides, though, often …
"What's Past Is Prologue" : Exploring Confinement As A Setting For Change In Social Support And Criminal Activity, Audrey Opal Hickert
"What's Past Is Prologue" : Exploring Confinement As A Setting For Change In Social Support And Criminal Activity, Audrey Opal Hickert
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Confinement is a major part of the criminal justice apparatus worldwide. Despite its widespread use, research is just beginning to address the mechanisms by which confinement could change individuals and impact post-release outcomes. In prior research, examinations of average effects of confinement may mask considerable and important heterogeneity. Therefore, variation within confinement samples should be explored on numerous life dimensions, including collateral consequences and metrics of criminal activity beyond simple “yes” or “no” recidivism. Confinement is a life-course event, meaning it can broadly shape future trajectories for those who experience it (Pettit & Western, 2004; Sampson & Laub, 2016). Building …
The Transformation Of Political Islam In Turkey : A Cultural Analysis Of The Islamic Narratives Of The 'West', Ozgur Celenk
The Transformation Of Political Islam In Turkey : A Cultural Analysis Of The Islamic Narratives Of The 'West', Ozgur Celenk
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study examines the shifting meaning of the ‘West’ within the Islamic discourse in Turkey from 1987 to 2005. In the last two decades, Turkish Islamists have renounced their longstanding anti-western rhetoric; adopted a language of democracy and human rights; and commenced to support Turkey’s membership bid in the European Union. The question of how to make sense of this dramatic transformation of Islamic political culture will frame the main discussion in this study. The proposed study argues that the existing academic and popular explanations of this transformation are inadequate in that they privilege instrumental models such as rational actor …
The Impact Of Principal Leadership On Teacher Perception Of The Annual Professional Performance Review (Appr), Barry Alexander Finsel
The Impact Of Principal Leadership On Teacher Perception Of The Annual Professional Performance Review (Appr), Barry Alexander Finsel
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Teacher quality is the most important school-based factor affecting student learning and achievement. In 2009, the Race to the Top (RttT) federal education initiative provided an opportunity for states to compete for federal grant resources to reform their public education systems, which included revamping teacher evaluation systems to improve teacher (and principal) effectiveness. Consequently, New York State was awarded almost $700 million in 2010 during the second phase of RttT for its Regents Education Reform Plan, which established a new teacher and principal evaluation plan known as the Annual Professional Performance Review (APPR). Under its first version (§3012-c), APPR used …
Legislation To Reduce Microplastic Pollution : Understanding The Factors That Facilitated Passage Of The Federal Microbead-Free Waters Act Of 2015, Alyson Kelly Northrup
Legislation To Reduce Microplastic Pollution : Understanding The Factors That Facilitated Passage Of The Federal Microbead-Free Waters Act Of 2015, Alyson Kelly Northrup
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The full environmental impacts of microplastic pollution in aquatic environments remain uncertain, but several detrimental effects have been documented, including adverse health effects in multiple species and the susceptibility of microplastics to adsorb toxins and leach plastic additives. Plastic microbeads from rinse-off personal care products are a source of microplastic pollution that is introduced directly into the environment through runoff, including wastewater treatment plant effluent. In December 2015, the federal Microbead-free Waters Act of 2015 banned the manufacture and sale of all rinse-off personal care products containing plastic microbeads in the United States.
Work-Family Balance And The Relationship Between Parental Status And Marital Satisfaction : A Revision To The Marital Structure Approach, Michelle Lynn Barton
Work-Family Balance And The Relationship Between Parental Status And Marital Satisfaction : A Revision To The Marital Structure Approach, Michelle Lynn Barton
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Using data from the 1980 Marital Instability Over the Life Course Study and the 2000 Work and Family Life Study, this dissertation evaluates whether measures related to work-family balance are able to explain why parents with children in the household have lower levels of marital satisfaction compared to parents without children in the household and especially compared to those who are childless. Analyses presented here demonstrate the centrality of spousal interaction for understanding this relationship, and to a lesser extent, measures related to the perception of fairness in the division of household labor. While neither sex, cohabitation history nor race …
Adult Children Of Divorce : How Do Attachment Insecurity And Interparental Conflict Contribute To Romantic Relationship Satisfaction?, Hannah Muetzelfeld
Adult Children Of Divorce : How Do Attachment Insecurity And Interparental Conflict Contribute To Romantic Relationship Satisfaction?, Hannah Muetzelfeld
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Research has shown that children of divorce who are exposed to high levels of interparental conflict tend to have worse adult outcomes than individuals not so exposed (e.g., Gager, Yabiku, & Linver, 2016), including damage to their romantic relationships (Cui, Fincham, & Durtschi, 2011; Feeney, 2006). The present study investigated the contributing role of adult attachment insecurity (i.e., attachment avoidance and attachment anxiety) to the relation between recollections of interparental conflict during childhood and adult romantic relationship satisfaction. A convenience sample of 678 U.S. participants (319 men, 345 women) whose parents had divorced prior to their reaching age 18 completed …
Stress And Support In Health Service Psychology Students : Predictors Of Burnout And Vigor, Dylan Alexander Corp
Stress And Support In Health Service Psychology Students : Predictors Of Burnout And Vigor, Dylan Alexander Corp
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Students in health service psychology (HSP) training programs (i.e., doctoral programs in clinical, counseling, or school psychology) have reported experiencing greater burnout (i.e., energetic exhaustion) and lower vigor (i.e., energetic arousal) than typical workers. Given that greater burnout and lower vigor are associated with negative outcomes like poor health and client care, the purpose of the present study was to understand burnout and vigor in HSP students. Specifically, the present study sought to test the Conservations of Resources theory of stress (CORT) by replicating previous findings that threatening work-related stress and the supervisory working alliance (SWA) predicted HSP students’ burnout …
Mapping Collective Action Structures And Activities In A Rural Age-Friendly Communities Initiative, Althea R. Pestine-Stevens
Mapping Collective Action Structures And Activities In A Rural Age-Friendly Communities Initiative, Althea R. Pestine-Stevens
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Age-Friendly Communities (AFC) initiatives convene stakeholders across sectors and service areas throughout a community to work together to improve the social and built environments for older persons living in the community. While the AFC movement has been active internationally for thirteen years, little is known about the mechanisms that drive this work and its successes. This study aims to uncover some of the key collective action processes and structures that comprise AFC work in a rural county in New York State, through a collaboration theory framework and a social network analysis design.
Education, Skills, And Wage Outcomes Among Mid-Career Adults : A Cross-National Study, Kai Zhou
Education, Skills, And Wage Outcomes Among Mid-Career Adults : A Cross-National Study, Kai Zhou
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Interest in the role of non-cognitive skills on successful life outcomes (such as academic performance) has increased in recent years. Policy makers in many countries have prioritized the learning of non-cognitive skills in the school curriculum and training frameworks. Although studies in labor economics have provided important insights about the impact of non-cognitive skills on earnings (e.g., Lindqvist and Vestman 2011; Heckman, Stixrud, and Urzua 2006), solid evidence about how labor markets produce or facilitate the acquisition of non-cognitive skills in different country settings is lacking. The linkage between education, skills and wages has been at the core discussion of …
The Role Of Interrole Transitioning In The Conflict And Enrichment Of Work And Family, John Paul Agosta
The Role Of Interrole Transitioning In The Conflict And Enrichment Of Work And Family, John Paul Agosta
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study focuses on how full-time, sandwiched workers (i.e., those who are dual-caregivers, providing care to both their children and elders) experience interrole transitioning from both the work and family roles, and tests whether affective reactions to transitioning relate to work and family outcomes. This study has three specific objectives: 1) assess the extent to which bi-directional interrole transitioning (i.e., the switching between two different roles while located in one role) predicts bi-directional work-family conflict; 2) examine if interrole transitioning relates to bi-directional work-family enrichment in this population, and 3) test whether or not employees’ affective reactions to interrole transitioning …
Effects Of Testing On Retroactive Interference And Proactive Interference In The A-B/A-C Paradigm, Stephanie Crocco
Effects Of Testing On Retroactive Interference And Proactive Interference In The A-B/A-C Paradigm, Stephanie Crocco
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In an A-B/A-C paradigm, testing A-B pairs before A-C learning reduces retroactive interference (RI, Halamish & Bjork, 2011) and proactive interference (PI, Wahlheim, 2015). In four experiments, after A-B and RI control pairs were studied in List 1, these pairs were either tested or restudied. A-C pairs and PI control pairs were then learned in List 2, followed by a final test on both lists or only List 1. Four procedural factors were manipulated: (1) Swahili-English pairs vs. weakly related English pairs, (2) List 1 restudy vs. test review between- vs. within-subjects, (3) some List 1 pairs studied vs. not …
Individuals With Developmental Disabilities And Criminal Incompetence : An Analysis Of Predictors To Restoration, Ashley Cahill
Individuals With Developmental Disabilities And Criminal Incompetence : An Analysis Of Predictors To Restoration, Ashley Cahill
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Competency to stand trial is a concept of jurisprudence preventing the adjudication of individuals who lack the capacity to understand the proceedings against them and which prevents them from assisting in their own defense because of mental disease or “defects”. In the criminal justice system, defendants found incompetent to stand trial are remanded to the care of the mental health system for a period of time to restore their competence. The determination of competency to stand trial is by far the most common psychiatric evaluation requested by criminal courts, and is especially critical for defendants with developmental and intellectual disabilities.
The Role Of Progesterone Receptor In The Development Of The Mesocortical Serotonergic Pathway, Allyssa Phillips
The Role Of Progesterone Receptor In The Development Of The Mesocortical Serotonergic Pathway, Allyssa Phillips
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The mesocortical serotonergic pathway, consisting of serotonergic fibers projecting from the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN) to the prefrontal cortex (PFC), regulates higher order executive functions and complex cognitive behaviors. Disruptions in this pathway lead to dysfunction in behavior and have been linked to several clinical disorders, including anxiety and ADHD. While this pathway continues to change throughout the lifespan, it is during early development that this pathway undergoes a rapid period of maturation, with the greatest rate of fiber innervation and synaptogenesis occurring in the mesocortical serotonergic pathway at this time. The development of a properly functioning circuit is directed …
Essays On Malpractice Reform, Physician Human Capital, And Physicians' Location Choices, Siyang Li
Essays On Malpractice Reform, Physician Human Capital, And Physicians' Location Choices, Siyang Li
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In response to the sharp increases in the malpractice insurance premiums in the 1970’s, almost all states in the US have passed tort reforms since then. Previous studies found that tort reforms can reduce malpractice pressure faced by physicians in terms of the size of malpractice rewards and the frequency of malpractice lawsuits. However, there is mixed evidence that state malpractice reforms affect the aggregate supply of physicians in a state. Constrained by the availability of state-level counts of physicians utilized in difference-in-difference framework, most studies were not able to further test for the existence of heterogeneous effects across physicians.
Stereotypes And Phenotypes : Using Machine Learning To Examine Racial Implicit Bias In Sex Offender Criminal Case Processing, Christine M. Walsh
Stereotypes And Phenotypes : Using Machine Learning To Examine Racial Implicit Bias In Sex Offender Criminal Case Processing, Christine M. Walsh
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The role of offender race/ethnicity and potential bias in criminal case outcomes is a popular topic both culturally and academically. Although a common research subject, the existing literature remains inconsistent and limited when focusing on sex offender sentencing outcomes. This dissertation uses data collected from the New York State public sex offender registry on white, black, and Hispanic males to examine the effect of offender racial/ethnic phenotype on two sentencing outcomes: sentence type and sentence length. Offender phenotype is measured through three facial features: nose width, lip fullness, and eye shape. These facial features were chosen from existing literature, however, …
Characterization Of A Novel, Stress-Responsive Sexually Dimorphic Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor 1 (Crfr1) Nucleus In The Rostral Anteroventral Periventricular Nucleus Of The Mouse, Zachary Julius Rosinger
Characterization Of A Novel, Stress-Responsive Sexually Dimorphic Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptor 1 (Crfr1) Nucleus In The Rostral Anteroventral Periventricular Nucleus Of The Mouse, Zachary Julius Rosinger
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Within the United States, women are at double the risk of men to develop a stress-related mood disorder (e.g., anxiety or depression) during their reproductive years (Kornstein et al., 2000; Kessler et al., 2005). Many factors contribute to the potential sex difference in such disorders, including gonadal hormones (hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis; HPG) and how they interact with the stress response system, or hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Corticotropin-releasing factor (CRF) signals through binding the GS-coupled receptor, CRF receptor 1 (CRFR1), and activity between CRF/CRFR1 regulates the hormonal and behavioral stress response (Chen et al., 1993; Bale and Vale, 2004; Heinrichs et al., 1995; …
Female College Students' Experiences With Coercive Control : A Qualitative Investigation, Larissa Barbaro-Kukade
Female College Students' Experiences With Coercive Control : A Qualitative Investigation, Larissa Barbaro-Kukade
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The current qualitative study was designed to provide a phenomenological understanding of how coercive control in a romantic relationship is experienced by college women, whose experiences have not been studied. Previous surveys of intimate partner violence (IPV) on college campuses as well as in the community have assessed prevalence rates and types of abuse (e.g. ACHA, 2015; Black et al., 2011; Buhi et al., 2009; Fass et al., 2008; Straus, 2008; Straus & Gozjolko, 2014), rather than survivors’ lived experience of the relationship. To extend this literature, the present study focused on coercive control, a cycle of psychological tactics including …
Assessing The Sustainability Of Collaborations Between Local Health Departments And Nonprofit Hospitals For Population Health, Christopher Mierow Maylahn
Assessing The Sustainability Of Collaborations Between Local Health Departments And Nonprofit Hospitals For Population Health, Christopher Mierow Maylahn
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
In 2008, New York’s health commissioner asked LHDs and nonprofit hospitals to collaborate with community partners to conduct community health needs assessments, identify two or three health priorities to focus on, and implement evidence-based strategies to address them. The actions taken as part of the New York State Prevention Agenda mirrored the IRS rules and PHAB recommendations that followed. The dearth of published studies on public health-hospital collaborations and the momentum to understand how communities in New York have responded to the IRS rules and PHAB standards are the impetus for this research.
Integration Of Cultural Competency In Delivery Of Mental Health Services To Latinos :, Jacqueline V. Richardson-Melecio
Integration Of Cultural Competency In Delivery Of Mental Health Services To Latinos :, Jacqueline V. Richardson-Melecio
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Abstract
When Is Test-Potentiated Learning Item-Specific Versus Generalized?, Carol Bolte
When Is Test-Potentiated Learning Item-Specific Versus Generalized?, Carol Bolte
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The current experiments used short (< 1 min) and long (24-hour) retention intervals in the Test-Potentiated Learning (TPL) paradigm to investigate pair specific versus generalized testing effects (TEs) using weakly related English word pairs. The design of the present experiments improved the design used by Cho, Neely, Crocco, and Vitrano (2017), who used Swahili-English pairs. The present design allows for (a) an assessment of both between- and within-subjects pair-specific vs. generalized TEs within the same experiment and (b) better controlled comparisons of the pair-specific and generalized TEs. There was no TE at the short retention interval. At the long retention interval, the TE for tested pairs studied before and after the review test was greater than the generalized TEs obtained for (a) untested pairs studied before and after the review test and (b) untested pairs that were only studied after the review test. Thus, a pair-specific TE occurred, unlike in Cho et al. (2017). The potential reasons for why weakly related English word pairs show pair-specific TEs but Swahili-English pairs do not are discussed.
Right Size Me : Policy Responses To The Obesity Eidemic And Behavioral Change, Wenhui Feng
Right Size Me : Policy Responses To The Obesity Eidemic And Behavioral Change, Wenhui Feng
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Obesity is a critical health and social concern. Almost 40% of American adults are obese, creating more than $300 billion dollars in annual medical costs. While obesity is a public concern that has been on the policy agenda for some time, obesity policies have proven difficult to formulate, adopt and implement in practice. In this dissertation, I explore three obesity-related policies – adoption of obesity prevention policies by local health department, calorie labeling on restaurant menus and food assistance benefits – and find the importance of ideological and political considerations for obesity policies at different stages in the policy process …
Measurement Invariance Of Maximizing Tendency Scales, Paige M. Foss
Measurement Invariance Of Maximizing Tendency Scales, Paige M. Foss
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The present research investigated the measurement invariance of two maximizing tendency scales; the Maximizing Scale (MS) and the Maximizing Tendency Scale (MTS), across three cultural and language multigroup comparisons. Archival data from 13 studies were analyzed (N = 6013) using a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and an item response theory (IRT) technique. CFA results indicate that both measures are noninvariant at the metric level. IRT results indicated that the MTS had six items that exhibited differential item functioning, but at the test level, expected score differences are small, so researchers may be able to safely use the MTS at the …
Coming Out Online And On Campus : Queer Perspectives On Identity Work, Ian Callahan
Coming Out Online And On Campus : Queer Perspectives On Identity Work, Ian Callahan
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This research aims to describe the experiences associated with coming out—both on campus and online—for sexually and gender nonconforming college students. In 2014, I conducted a pilot version of this study at a public American university in the Northeast, utilizing data from semi- structured in-depth interviews and a demographic questionnaire. A thematic analysis using open and axial coding techniques found that social media interactions contributed to ‘outing’ students on campus. This finding inspired a second iteration of the study, which replicates the original research design and expands its interview script to include a more expansive series of questions related to …
Emotion Forecasting In Dyadic Conversation : Characterizing And Predicting Future Emotion With Audio-Visual Information Using Deep Learning, Sadat Shahriar
Emotion Forecasting In Dyadic Conversation : Characterizing And Predicting Future Emotion With Audio-Visual Information Using Deep Learning, Sadat Shahriar
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Emotion forecasting is the task of predicting the future emotion of a speaker, i.e., the emotion label of the future speaking turn–based on the speaker’s past and current audio-visual cues. Emotion forecasting systems require new problem formulations that differ from traditional emotion recognition systems. In this thesis, we first explore two types of forecasting windows(i.e., analysis windows for which the speaker’s emotion is being forecasted): utterance forecasting and time forecasting. Utterance forecasting is based on speaking turns and forecasts what the speaker’s emotion will be after one, two, or three speaking turns. Time forecasting forecasts what the speaker’s emotion will …
Development Of The Sexual Minority Affirmative Practice Scale, Ryan Craig Ebersole
Development Of The Sexual Minority Affirmative Practice Scale, Ryan Craig Ebersole
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Literature on the practice of affirmative psychotherapy with sexual minority (SM) clients has steadily increased over the past two decades in recognition of the unique experiences and mental health needs of this marginalized population. SM-affirmative psychotherapy is an approach to psychotherapy that is culturally-responsive, actively affirms the validity of SM identities and experiences, and promotes the resilience of SM clients in the face of stigma. To date, much of the extant research on SM-affirmative psychotherapy has focused on therapist factors and perspectives. Further, most previous research on SM clients’ experiences in therapy has been qualitative, due in part to the …