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Articles 22111 - 22140 of 26090
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Empirical Essays On Science And New Technology Adoption, Huifeng Yu
Empirical Essays On Science And New Technology Adoption, Huifeng Yu
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The first chapter studies how the quantity and quality of research output varies over the career using 5.6 million biomedical science articles published over three decades. We show that controlling for selective attrition reconciles conflicts in a longstanding, interdisciplinary literature. While research quality declines monotonically over the career, this decline is easily overlooked because the highest “ability” authors have the longest publishing careers. Our results have implications for broader questions of human capital accumulation over the career and also for federal research policies that shift funding from late- to early-career researchers – while providing more funding to researchers when they …
The State Of Substance Use Education In Master Of Social Work Programs : A Content Analysis Of Msw Curricula & Survey Of Msw Program Leaders, Dane Minnick
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Substance use is currently a pervasive problem among a large proportion of populations served by the social work profession. Several studies have indicated that social workers routinely provide services to clients with direct and indirect substance use needs, making knowledge of substance use interventions and public policies a necessity for most social workers to operate effectively in the field. However, despite the regularity of interaction with substance using clients, a large body of research has suggested that social work students are ill-prepared to deliver substance use services upon completing their academic training, and that a significant deficit of substance use …
Learning A New Physics Concept By Exploring Analogous Problems : An Instructional Intervention, Joanna Perry Weaver
Learning A New Physics Concept By Exploring Analogous Problems : An Instructional Intervention, Joanna Perry Weaver
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This study tested the hypothesis that exploratory learning, with and without analogous problems, would improve students’ ability to make connections between conceptually-related topics. In this randomized experiment, undergraduates in introductory physics (N = 171) studied a new topic under three different instructional conditions. Order and type of instruction varied: Two experimental groups explored the concept before hearing a lecture; a control group followed the typical sequence of hearing a lecture before working with the concept. Within the experimental condition, students in the analogy-first group simultaneously explored analogous problems; students in the explore-first group explored only the new problem with a …
Harm Reduction Policy : Biopower, Race & Stigma At The Heart Of The 'Opioid Crisis', Cole Charles Melby
Harm Reduction Policy : Biopower, Race & Stigma At The Heart Of The 'Opioid Crisis', Cole Charles Melby
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Across the U.S., concerns regarding substance abuse, addiction, and treatment are coming to the forefront of public discourse, due to increased media coverage of the popularly dubbed ‘opioid crisis.’ As overdose rates increase, particularly in rural and suburban white communities, so have debates about the ethics and efficacy of harm reduction services. Through a review of existing literature and reflections on interviews from key informants at New York State Department of Health, grassroots harm reduction organizations, and a ‘mainstream’ addiction clinic, this thesis will critically examine the history of drug user stigmatization in the U.S. and how it has influenced …
Eye Movements Reveal The Visual Component Of Music Expertise : Evidence From A Visual Search Task, Kinnera Savitri Maturi
Eye Movements Reveal The Visual Component Of Music Expertise : Evidence From A Visual Search Task, Kinnera Savitri Maturi
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
An important component of expertise is the ability to rapidly recognize domain-related perceptual patterns. To explore this ability in the domain of music reading, a unique visual search paradigm was used to compare the eye movements of 30 expert musicians (with at least 10 years of music reading skill) and 30 novices (who could not read music). Participants had to match a section of a piece of sheet music (search template) to its identical counterpart within a larger music score (search array). Both the search template and array were presented on the screen simultaneously, which allowed for visual comparisons between …
Getting Serious With Comedy : Power, Stand-Up Comedy, And American Public Life, Andrew Michael Cutrone
Getting Serious With Comedy : Power, Stand-Up Comedy, And American Public Life, Andrew Michael Cutrone
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This master’s thesis theorizes the political and cultural significance of stand-up comedy as an institution in the contemporary US public sphere, against the dominant perception that it is an enterprise severed from social consequence. Via a critical application of Ferguson’s theorization of power in The Reorder of Things (2012), in addition to a reading of stand-up comedy routines and related public discourse that utilizes feminist and queer of color theory, I show how subjective terrains of race, gender, and sexuality produce the discursive and political materials which organize stand-up discourse and performance in moments of “racial comedy,” “gender comedy,” and …
Does Testing Episodic "Lion-Tiger" And/Or "Tiger-Stripes" Associations Facilitate Later "Lion-Stripes" Learning, Deana Vitrano
Does Testing Episodic "Lion-Tiger" And/Or "Tiger-Stripes" Associations Facilitate Later "Lion-Stripes" Learning, Deana Vitrano
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The current experiments examined Pyc and Rawson’s (2010) mediator effectiveness hypothesis (MEH) as one potential explanation of the beneficial effects of testing relative to restudying in paired-associate learning. In two experiments, participants learned cue-mediator-target triads (e.g., lion-tiger-stripes) broken down into separate components. Specifically, participants learned and then restudied or were tested on cue-mediator (List 1) and mediator-target (List 2) word pairs in Session 1, and in a Session 2 given 48 hours later learned cue-target (List 3) word pairs. According to Pyc and Rawson, compared to restudying, testing on List 1 cue-mediator and List 2 mediator-target word pairs should lead …
Family Instability As A Turning Point In The Life-Course : An Examination Of Whether And How Family Instability And Specific Types Of Family Instability Directly And Indirectly Influence Delinquency, Walter Shelley
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
“A family’s resources and the doors they open cast a long shadow over children’s life trajectories…This view is at odds with the popular ethos that we are makers of our own fortune.” (Alexander, Entwisle, & Olson, 2010, pg. 1). Perhaps no aspect about an individual’s life is not shaped in some way by their family. In fact, it could be surmised that families set the stage for all later outcomes in the life-course. An event in a family such as family instability could play an important role in shaping an individual’s behavior and outcomes in their life course. However, heterogeneity …
The Aids Volcano : Narratives Of Hiv/Aids In The Iranian Public Sphere, Elham Pourtaher
The Aids Volcano : Narratives Of Hiv/Aids In The Iranian Public Sphere, Elham Pourtaher
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Broadly construed, this thesis will examine the transformations in the socio-cultural construction of HIV/AIDS in Iran from the joint perspectives of media and medical sociology. Until recently, official public narratives in Iran primarily regarded AIDS to be a drug-related disease. However, beginning from the early 2010s, a new narrative frame (often called as “the third wave”) introduces a significant “alarming” collective shift in the transmissions modes of the disease toward sexual pathways. Having observed the rather rapid transformation of the public AIDS framing, this research began with an empirical question: considering the fact that the shift implied the prevalence of …
Examining How Lesbian, Gay, And Bisexual Christian Clients' Perceptions Of Therapists' Cultural Humility Contribute To Psychotherapy Outcomes, Kelsey Anne Kangos
Examining How Lesbian, Gay, And Bisexual Christian Clients' Perceptions Of Therapists' Cultural Humility Contribute To Psychotherapy Outcomes, Kelsey Anne Kangos
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Understanding the intersection between sexual and religious identity has important implications for mental health. The lesbian, gay, and bisexual (LGB) community is at high risk for major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, eating disorders, substance abuse issues, and poor self-esteem. Religious culture can further these risks when they create homophobic environments, resulting in LGB individuals‘ struggle to integrate religious and sexual identities (Sherry, Adelman, Whilde, & Quick, 2010).
The Contribution Of Acculturative Stress To Body Dissatisfaction Among Latina College Women : Testing The Moderating Effects Of Ethnic Identity And Differentiation Of Self, Julien Alexandra Almonte
The Contribution Of Acculturative Stress To Body Dissatisfaction Among Latina College Women : Testing The Moderating Effects Of Ethnic Identity And Differentiation Of Self, Julien Alexandra Almonte
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Despite extensive research on the high prevalence of body dissatisfaction and eating disorders among white college women, minimal research has been conducted on Latina college women’s experience of body dissatisfaction. Recent research indicates that Latina college women have a high prevalence of body dissatisfaction and eating disorder pathology. The purpose of the present study was to extend this line of study by investigating the role of acculturative stress as a predictor of body dissatisfaction in Latina college women. Additionally, the study examined the potential buffering effects of ethnic identity and differentiation of self as moderators of the relation between acculturative …
Queering Sexual Development Frameworks : A Dynamic Systems Approach To Conceptualizing Other-Sex Sexuality Among Lesbians, Kolbe Franklin
Queering Sexual Development Frameworks : A Dynamic Systems Approach To Conceptualizing Other-Sex Sexuality Among Lesbians, Kolbe Franklin
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Essentialist models of sexual identity development have dominated social discourse and public opinion since the 1980s. This perspective posits that sexual orientation is an intrinsic, core identity that has roots in specific biological factors. Based on this perspective it is assumed that a person’s sexuality will manifest in a linear fashion throughout the life course. Notably, this model positions individuals with same-sex sexual attractions and behaviors as specific “types” of people. While this perspective has become largely institutionalized in public opinion, within academic research on sexual orientation, there has been little consensus on the veracity of this model. Specifically, the …
Evaluating The Cognitive Profile Of Autism Spectrum Dsorder, Cortney Janicki
Evaluating The Cognitive Profile Of Autism Spectrum Dsorder, Cortney Janicki
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Previous research on the cognitive functioning of individuals with autism spectrum disorder has mixed findings. It is generally understood that individuals with autism have a unique cognitive profile compared to their typically developing peers; however, capturing the special features of this cognitive profile has been difficult. The present study examines the cognitive profile of individuals with autism from multiple angles including overall Nonverbal and Verbal IQ score differences, differences in age, and differences in sex. The study evaluated data gathered from diagnostic evaluations for autism spectrum disorder performed in the Capital Region of New York. A total of 178 children …
The Role Of Progesterone Receptor In The Developing Medial Preoptic Nucleus, Diana Lalitsasivimol
The Role Of Progesterone Receptor In The Developing Medial Preoptic Nucleus, Diana Lalitsasivimol
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Numerous neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric diseases have a distinct sex bias in
Remote Sensing Of Planetary Boundary Layer Height And Particulate Matter 2.5 In New York State Mesonet Network, Bhupal Shrestha
Remote Sensing Of Planetary Boundary Layer Height And Particulate Matter 2.5 In New York State Mesonet Network, Bhupal Shrestha
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Abstract:
The Transition From Active Duty To Veterans In Higher Education, Chantel Nicole Boudreau
The Transition From Active Duty To Veterans In Higher Education, Chantel Nicole Boudreau
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This paper focuses on the transitions from military life to civilian life experienced by veteran students at a public university and how they differ for male and female veterans. I gathered my qualitative data through one-on-one interviews with 12 respondents; four females and eight males. I found that veterans must overcome a number of different hurdles. Some veterans had negative experiences while others had very positive experiences. In this article we will learn of the many different struggles experienced by student veterans and what led them to be where they are now. One thing that stands out in this qualitative …
Foundation For Success : Radical Right Populist Parties' Strategic Use Of The European Parliament, Injeong Hwang
Foundation For Success : Radical Right Populist Parties' Strategic Use Of The European Parliament, Injeong Hwang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
This dissertation examines the role of the European Parliament (EP) on electoral persistence of radical right parties that are marginalized in national politics by focusing on the French Front National (FN) and UK Independence Party (UKIP). The EP has been an alternative political arena for nationally marginalized radical right parties to obtain various political resources because European elections are based on proportional representation system and have a low profile. The EP provided its members with political resources including remunerations, assistants, legitimate status, chances to speak in the EP, and increased visibility.
Housing In China's Urbanization Process, Zequn Tang
Housing In China's Urbanization Process, Zequn Tang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Housing is the most important component of household assets in urban China. The economic strata increasingly depend on the distribution of assets rather than merely on the income, and the distribution of assets increasingly depends on the distribution of housing wealth in Chinese society. This unprecedentedly high status of housing is achieved in a rapid urbanization process. Situating itself in China’s urbanization and real estate boom, this dissertation looks into the contemporary housing distribution in urban China and reflects on the relationship between human-centered urbanization and built environment urbanization. It seeks to answer three questions. How might China’s land finance …
Bernard Fall And Vietnamese Revolutionary Warfare In Indochina, Nathaniel Lawson Moir
Bernard Fall And Vietnamese Revolutionary Warfare In Indochina, Nathaniel Lawson Moir
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
What accounts for Bernard Fall’s understanding and description of Vietnamese Revolutionary Warfare in Indochina? How did formative experiences during and after the Second World War actuate Fall’s thought on the political nature of warfare in Indochina? What distinguished Fall’s thought on revolutionary warfare from others? Bernard Fall and Vietnamese Revolutionary Warfare in Indochina addresses these questions through an intellectual history and contextual biography of Bernard Fall’s scholarship on the First and Second Indochina Wars. Bernard Fall, an authority on Vietnamese history, society, and the First Indochina War, began to explain in 1957 that subsequent war in Vietnam could not be …
The Role Of Affective Arousal In The Affective State-Performance Goal Level Relationship, Vahe Permzadian
The Role Of Affective Arousal In The Affective State-Performance Goal Level Relationship, Vahe Permzadian
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Given that employee performance goals are major determinants of work motivation and performance, examining the factors that influence goal setting has generated substantial research interest. However, despite decades of work, the relationship between affect and goal setting is not well understood as evidenced by inconsistent findings in this domain. Based on contemporary theory, affect is described along the two dimensions of valence (i.e., the level of pleasantness) and arousal (i.e., the level of activation). Most of the focus has been on the valence dimension of affect, where mood-as-information theory as well as affect-priming theory predict that affective valence influences judgments …
Assessing Novel Expectancies About Ayahuasca : A Preliminary Report, Brianna Rose Altman
Assessing Novel Expectancies About Ayahuasca : A Preliminary Report, Brianna Rose Altman
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Given the growing popularity of Ayahuasca, we sought to identify why people might use this psychoactive brew rather than classic hallucinogens like LSD or psilocybin. Experienced users (N=139) completed an online survey about their use of hallucinogens, including ayahuasca, how their ayahuasca experiences differed from those with other hallucinogens, and their willingness to use ayahuasca over other hallucinogens in the future. Participants reported meaningful differences between ayahuasca and other hallucinogens, which apparently related to positive connections to nature and other people, dramatic or terrifying negative thoughts, and aversive physical reactions. Multiple measures of self-reported likelihood of using ayahuasca again increased …
Differential Benefits Of Prekindergarten For Low-Income Black Children : A Quasi-Experimental Study, Janice Marie Parker
Differential Benefits Of Prekindergarten For Low-Income Black Children : A Quasi-Experimental Study, Janice Marie Parker
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Abstract
Drinking With Those Who Mind : College Students' Beliefs About Secondhand Effects Of Alcohol And Related Intentions To Drink, Laura Marie Longo
Drinking With Those Who Mind : College Students' Beliefs About Secondhand Effects Of Alcohol And Related Intentions To Drink, Laura Marie Longo
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
A number of prevention/intervention efforts aim to address college student drinking, a public health concern with dire consequences. Currently, prevention and intervention efforts do not address secondhand effects of alcohol (SEA), which include negative consequences (e.g., study/sleep interruption, physical/sexual assault) that result from other students’ drinking behaviors. SEAs are problematic because they impose consequences for all students and are related to lower academic performance and school satisfaction. The current study (1) created and evaluated the psychometric properties of a new instrument the Attitudes Towards Secondhand Effects of Alcohol (ATSEA), and (2) examined the influence of peer feedback on perceived attitudes …
An Examination Of The Relationship Between Cognitive And Metacognitive Factors And Bulimic Symptoms In Undergraduate Women, Lauren Eileen Ehrlich
An Examination Of The Relationship Between Cognitive And Metacognitive Factors And Bulimic Symptoms In Undergraduate Women, Lauren Eileen Ehrlich
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Rumination, a passive, perseverative, self-focused style of thinking about negative emotions and events, is a cognitive factor that has been empirically linked to a variety of harmful outcomes, particularly negative affect and depression. Recently, rumination has been proposed as a transdiagnostic risk factor that predicts numerous mental health conditions, including eating disorders. Taking into consideration the potential harm of rumination, researchers have sought to explain why individuals continue to ruminate. Metacognitive theories posit that negative and positive beliefs about rumination influence how frequently an individual ruminates and the consequences of repetitive, negative thinking. However, there is a dearth of evidence …
Understanding The Adoption And Implementation Of Body Worn Camera Policies In State And Local Governments And Their Effects On Police Behavior, Sunyoung Pyo
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The body worn camera (BWC) policy in the United States was introduced as a response to public demand for governmental action to decrease police use of deadly force after several highly-visible police shooting incidents involving Black residents occurred. Given the recent introduction of BWC technology, past studies on BWCs have primarily focused on examining whether BWC implementation influences the desired outcomes including a decrease in police use of force and citizen complaints. However, a deeper analysis of why BWCs were adopted and implemented and how their implementation influences everyday police work activity can provide a more comprehensive understanding on the …
Human Error In Police Involved Shootings, Paul L. Taylor
Human Error In Police Involved Shootings, Paul L. Taylor
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Police use of deadly force has become one of the most contentious and controversial aspects of the U.S. criminal justice system. Yet, the vast majority of police shootings never rise to the level of public consciousness (Zimring, 2017). Instead, the public discourse and controversy tends to center on a handful of cases that appear excessive and/or are difficult to understand (Pickering & Klinger, 2016). As a result, these cases have a disproportionate impact on the public’s perception of police legitimacy and competence, particularly when it comes to their use of deadly force (Gua, 2014). The outcomes of many of these …
The Effect Of Social Support On Physiological Stress Reactivity In Youth Exposed To Community Violence, Rachel Clegg
The Effect Of Social Support On Physiological Stress Reactivity In Youth Exposed To Community Violence, Rachel Clegg
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Research indicates that asymmetry between biological stress response systems is associated with psychological and physiological problems, which negatively affect child development. Asymmetry between these systems is common following childhood exposure to adversity. Furthermore, research shows that social support may act as a buffer against negative effects of stress, specifically for girls. The present study examines the role of social support in the relationship between biological systems among a sample of 49 youth (ages 9-12) with high levels of exposure to community violence. We measured perceived social support within the youth and exposed them to an in-lab psychosocial stressor. Hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis …
Predictors Of Teacher-Rated Academic Competence In A Clinic Sample Of Children With And Without Autism Spectrum Disorder, Anna Milgramm
Predictors Of Teacher-Rated Academic Competence In A Clinic Sample Of Children With And Without Autism Spectrum Disorder, Anna Milgramm
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
The rising prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD), both in the general population and within the classroom, necessitates a greater understanding of the academic experience of diagnosed children. Prior studies that have examined academic competence in children with ASD have largely relied on clinician-administered tests of achievement. The present study extends previous work by investigating several predictors of teacher-rated academic competence among a sample of elementary school-aged children. All children in the sample were referred for an ASD evaluation and approximately half received the diagnosis. With the exception of assertion, teachers did not perceive differences between the social skills, problem …
Health Shocks, Labor Market Activities, And End-Of-Life Medical Expenses, Yuan Fang
Health Shocks, Labor Market Activities, And End-Of-Life Medical Expenses, Yuan Fang
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Health capital depletes with each additional health shock. The presence of health insurance may reduce out-of-pocket costs, and hence increase the demand for care following a shock. Also, death is the ultimate health outcome for an individual that follows periods of health morbidities and health shocks. Towards the end individual lives, the demand for and cost of health care increases tremendously, but these costs vary significantly across socio-demographic groups.
How Much Weight Do Organizational Personality Inferences Have On Judgments Of Organizations?, Levi Sassaman
How Much Weight Do Organizational Personality Inferences Have On Judgments Of Organizations?, Levi Sassaman
Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)
Organizational personality inferences are the human-like attributes individuals ascribe to organizations. Extant research has shown that individuals can reliably distinguish organizations on these traits, and that these inferences can influence individuals’ judgments of organizations. Theory of Symbolic Attraction (TSA) posits that the importance given to an organizational personality trait when forming judgments depends on the type of person. Utilizing a full-factorial policy capturing design, this study (1) investigated how much weight individuals give to each personality factor when forming judgments of organizations, and (2) tested TSA propositions that individual social identity concerns moderate the weight given. Results show that organizational …