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2019

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Articles 20251 - 20280 of 26090

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

When Is An Alternative Not An Alternative? Supporting Progress For Absolute Replacement Of Animals In Science, Craig Redmond Jan 2019

When Is An Alternative Not An Alternative? Supporting Progress For Absolute Replacement Of Animals In Science, Craig Redmond

Humane Science Movement Collection

This chapter addresses some of the areas in which animals are still used within “alternatives”-based research and calls on animal welfare and in vitro organizations to lead the debate and encourage absolute replacement of animal use in research. Without this, progress to end animal research will always remain limited, despite the paradigm shift seen in recent decades.

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Research And Testing Without Animals: Where Are We Now And Where Are We Heading?, Thomas Hartung Jan 2019

Research And Testing Without Animals: Where Are We Now And Where Are We Heading?, Thomas Hartung

Humane Science Movement Collection

Experiments involving non-human animals (hereinafter referred to as animals) were the predominant technology in the life sciences from the 1920s to the 1970s. Increasingly, animal-based procedures have been complemented and superseded by other approaches; yet, they still have an enormous reputation as an apparent definitive answer to many scientific and, especially, regulatory questions. They have been questioned first for ethical reasons: Can we justify making animals suffer for scientific inquiry? Simply said, people have different views on this question, but the general public views animal experimentation more and more critically. The animal research community has sought a compromise between those …

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Ethics, Efficacy, And Decision-Making In Animal Research, Lawrence A. Hansen, Kori Ann Kosberg Jan 2019

Ethics, Efficacy, And Decision-Making In Animal Research, Lawrence A. Hansen, Kori Ann Kosberg

Morality and Ethics of Animal Experimentation Collection

Few would disagree with the ethical contention that if cruelty to animals is not wrong, then nothing is wrong. In fact, it is not only wrong, but in most states in the us, it is a crime, a felony no less. And yet, intentionally inflicting pain and suffering upon animals, which meets Webster’s definition of cruelty, is routinely countenanced when vivisection (from the Latin vivi, to be alive, and secare, to cut) is performed under license for biomedical research. Deciding to embrace, or reject, or limit animal research demands our best ethical judgment; and it is complicated by factual disputes …

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Elevated Sensitivity To Tactile Stimuli In Stereotypic Horses, Sabrina Briefer Freymond, Déborah Bardou, Sandrine Beuret, Iris Bachmann, Klaus Zuberbühler, Elodie Briefer Jan 2019

Elevated Sensitivity To Tactile Stimuli In Stereotypic Horses, Sabrina Briefer Freymond, Déborah Bardou, Sandrine Beuret, Iris Bachmann, Klaus Zuberbühler, Elodie Briefer

Personality Collection

Although stereotypic behaviors are a common problem in captive animals, why certain individuals are more prone to develop them remains elusive. In horses, individuals show considerable differences in how they perceive and react to external events, suggesting that this may partially account for the emergence of stereotypies in this species. In this study, we focused on crib-biting, the most common stereotypy displayed by horses. We compared how established crib-biters (“CB” = 19) and normal controls (“C” = 18) differed in response to a standard “personality” assessment test battery, i.e., reactivity to humans, tactile sensitivity, social reactivity, locomotor activity, and curiosity …

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Consequences And Management Of Canine Brachycephaly In Veterinary Practice: Perspectives From Australian Veterinarians And Veterinary Specialists, Anne Fawcett, Vanessa Barrs, Magdoline Awad, Georgina Child, Laurencie Brunel, Erin Mooney, Fernando Martinez-Taboada, Beth Mcdonald, Paul Mcgreevy Jan 2019

Consequences And Management Of Canine Brachycephaly In Veterinary Practice: Perspectives From Australian Veterinarians And Veterinary Specialists, Anne Fawcett, Vanessa Barrs, Magdoline Awad, Georgina Child, Laurencie Brunel, Erin Mooney, Fernando Martinez-Taboada, Beth Mcdonald, Paul Mcgreevy

Professional Veterinary Ethics Collection

This article, written by veterinarians whose caseloads include brachycephalic dogs, argues that there is now widespread evidence documenting a link between extreme brachycephalic phenotypes and chronic disease, which compromises canine welfare. This paper is divided into nine sections exploring the breadth of the impact of brachycephaly on the incidence of disease, as indicated by pet insurance claims data from an Australian pet insurance provider, the stabilization of respiratory distress associated with brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), challenges associated with sedation and the anaesthesia of patients with BOAS; effects of brachycephaly on the brain and associated neurological conditions, dermatological conditions associated …

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Ethical And Scientific Pitfalls Concerning Laboratory Research With Non-Human Primates, And Possible Solutions, Constança Carvalho, Augusta Gaspar, Andrew Knight, Luís Vicente Jan 2019

Ethical And Scientific Pitfalls Concerning Laboratory Research With Non-Human Primates, And Possible Solutions, Constança Carvalho, Augusta Gaspar, Andrew Knight, Luís Vicente

Morality and Ethics of Animal Experimentation Collection

Basic and applied laboratory research, whenever intrusive or invasive, presents substantial ethical challenges for ethical committees, be it with human beings or with non-human animals. In this paper we discuss the use of non-human primates (NHPs), mostly as animal models, in laboratory based research. We examine the two ethical frameworks that support current legislation and guidelines: deontology and utilitarianism. While human based research is regulated under deontological principles, guidelines for laboratory animal research rely on utilitarianism. We argue that the utilitarian framework is inadequate for this purpose: on the one hand, it is almost impossible to accurately predict the benefits …

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Just Preservation, A. Treves, F. J. Santiago-Ávila, W. S. Lynn Jan 2019

Just Preservation, A. Treves, F. J. Santiago-Ávila, W. S. Lynn

Anthropogenics and Population Decline Collection

We are failing to protect the biosphere. Novel views of conservation, preservation, and sustainability are surfacing in the wake of consensus about our failures to prevent extinction or slow climate change. We argue that the interests and well-being of non-humans, youth, and future generations of both human and non-human beings (futurity) have too long been ignored in consensus-based, anthropocentric conservation. Consensus-based stakeholder-driven processes disadvantage those absent or without a voice and allow current adult humans and narrow, exploitative interests to dominate decisions about the use of nature over its preservation for futurity of all life. We propose that authentically non-anthropocentric …

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Protecting Biodiversity In British Columbia: Recommendations For Developing Species At Risk Legislation, Alana R. Westwood, Sarah P. Otto, Arne Mooers, Chris Darimont, Karen E. Hodges, Chris Johnson, Brian M. Starzomski, Cole Burton, Kai M. A. Chan, Marco Festa-Bianchet, Shaun Fluker, Sumeet Gulati, Aerin L. Jacob, Dan Kraus, Tara G. Martin, Wendy J. Palen, John D. Reynolds, Jeannette Whitton Jan 2019

Protecting Biodiversity In British Columbia: Recommendations For Developing Species At Risk Legislation, Alana R. Westwood, Sarah P. Otto, Arne Mooers, Chris Darimont, Karen E. Hodges, Chris Johnson, Brian M. Starzomski, Cole Burton, Kai M. A. Chan, Marco Festa-Bianchet, Shaun Fluker, Sumeet Gulati, Aerin L. Jacob, Dan Kraus, Tara G. Martin, Wendy J. Palen, John D. Reynolds, Jeannette Whitton

Threatened and Endangered Animal Populations Collection

British Columbia has the greatest biological diversity of any province or territory in Canada. Yet increasing numbers of species in British Columbia are threatened with extinction. The current patchwork of provincial laws and regulations has not effectively prevented species declines. Recently, the Provincial Government has committed to enacting an endangered species law. Drawing upon our scientific and legal expertise, we offer recommendations for key features of endangered species legislation that build upon strengths and avoid weaknesses observed elsewhere. We recommend striking an independent Oversight Committee to provide recommendations about listing species, organize Recovery Teams, and monitor the efficacy of actions …

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Perceptions Of On-Farm Emergency Slaughter For Dairy Cows In British Columbia, Katherine E. Koralesky, David Fraser Jan 2019

Perceptions Of On-Farm Emergency Slaughter For Dairy Cows In British Columbia, Katherine E. Koralesky, David Fraser

Slaughter and Slaughtering Practices Collection

Some jurisdictions permit on-farm emergency slaughter (OFES) as one end-of-life option for dairy cows and other animals that cannot be transported humanely but are deemed fit for human consumption. Anecdotal reports suggest that OFES is controversial among dairy industry professionals, but to date their perceptions of OFES have not been studied systematically. Twentyfive individual interviews and 3 focus groups with 40 dairy producers, veterinarians, and other professionals in British Columbia, Canada, revealed positive and negative perceptions of OFES influenced by (1) individual values, (2) the perceived operational legitimacy of OFES, and (3) concern over social responsibility and public perception of …

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The Impacts Of The City And County Of Denver’S Breed Specific Legislation, Sloane M. Hawes, Devrim Ikizler, Katy Loughney, Justin F. Marceau, Philip Tedeschi, Kevin N. Morris Jan 2019

The Impacts Of The City And County Of Denver’S Breed Specific Legislation, Sloane M. Hawes, Devrim Ikizler, Katy Loughney, Justin F. Marceau, Philip Tedeschi, Kevin N. Morris

Speciesism and Breed Discrimination Collection

In August of 1989, the City and County of Denver, CO, USA enacted legislation that prohibits the presence of all “pit bull” type dogs (PBTD) (defined in Denver as: American Pit Bull Terrier, American Staffordshire Terrier, or Staffordshire Bull Terrier) within the city limits. In the 30 years the “pit bull ban” has been in place, the City and County of Denver and its animal control agency, Denver Animal Protection, have committed substantial resources to removing PBTDs from the community, including patrolling communities and/or responding to complaints made by neighbors, conducting thorough breed evaluations of suspected PBTDs, and kenneling PBTDs …

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Finding And Using Images, Jan Comfort Jan 2019

Finding And Using Images, Jan Comfort

Open Education Week 2019

No abstract provided.

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Review Of Festkultur Und Gedächtnis: Die Konstruktion Einer Deutschamerikanischen Ethnizität 1848-1914, By Heike Bungert, Carol A. Leibiger Jan 2019

Review Of Festkultur Und Gedächtnis: Die Konstruktion Einer Deutschamerikanischen Ethnizität 1848-1914, By Heike Bungert, Carol A. Leibiger

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

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Research Brief One-Sheet – No. 9: On-Duty Shootings: Police Officers Charged With Murder Or Manslaughter, 2005-2019, Philip M. Stinson, Chloe Wentzlof Jan 2019

Research Brief One-Sheet – No. 9: On-Duty Shootings: Police Officers Charged With Murder Or Manslaughter, 2005-2019, Philip M. Stinson, Chloe Wentzlof

Criminal Justice Faculty Publications

This research is part of a larger study of police crime—that is, crime committed by nonfederal sworn law enforcement officers with general powers of arrest—across the United States. In 2014, after several fatal on-duty police shootings garnered national media attention, our principal investigator, Philip Stinson, conducted a joint research project with The Washington Post to count the number of police officers charged with murder or manslaughter resulting from an on-duty shooting where the officer shot and killed someone. The results of the joint research project were published in The Washington Post on April 12, 2015, and The Washington Post was …

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2019 Forecast La Conference Book, Fernando J. Guerra, Brianne Gilbert, Mariya Vizireanu, Alex Kempler, Alejandra Alarcon Jan 2019

2019 Forecast La Conference Book, Fernando J. Guerra, Brianne Gilbert, Mariya Vizireanu, Alex Kempler, Alejandra Alarcon

Forecast LA

No abstract provided.

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The Psychology Of Sexual Harassment, Shawn Meghan Burn Jan 2019

The Psychology Of Sexual Harassment, Shawn Meghan Burn

Psychology and Child Development

Sexual harassment (SH) occurs when people are targets of unwanted sexual comments, sexual gestures, or sexual actions because of their actual or perceived gender, gender expression, or sexual orientation. Due to its frequency and harmful effects on people and organizations, and because it is often a symptom of social inequalities, SH is of concern to psychologists. Using psychological theory and research as well as intersectional and contextual lenses, this article describes how SH is varied in its forms, targets, and origins. I explore explanations for SH with a focus on sociocultural gender and power perspectives. I also employ a person-by-situation …

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2019 Evaluation Report For Omaha Girls Rock–A Youth Empowerment Organization, Dawne Frain, Jessica Groeneweg, Jeanette Harder Jan 2019

2019 Evaluation Report For Omaha Girls Rock–A Youth Empowerment Organization, Dawne Frain, Jessica Groeneweg, Jeanette Harder

Reports

Purpose of Evaluation
Omaha Girls Rock invited Support and Training for the Evaluation of Programs (STEPs) at the University of Nebraska at Omaha to assess processes and outcomes for the 2019 Girls Rock summer camp program. STEPs evaluators endeavored to discover the degree to which Girls Rock achieved program outcomes of growth mindset, confidence, skill development, teamwork, and future focus for participants in their 2019 summer camp. STEPs evaluators accomplished this by 1) observing and recording behaviors during a full day of camp programming, 2) analyzing camper survey data and demographics provided by Girls Rock, and 3) conducting post-camp phone …

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Melanoma Research Insights: Impact, Trends, Opportunities, Elsevier Analytical Services Jan 2019

Melanoma Research Insights: Impact, Trends, Opportunities, Elsevier Analytical Services

Public Reports

Melanoma is a type of cancer that occurs when the skin cells that produce melanin become malignant. This report examines the landscape of melanoma research using Scopus, a source-neutral abstract and citation database, curated by independent subject matter experts.

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South Asia: Challenges And Benefits Of A Research Collaboration In A Diverse Region, World Bank, Elsevier Jan 2019

South Asia: Challenges And Benefits Of A Research Collaboration In A Diverse Region, World Bank, Elsevier

Public Reports

This report examines the scholarly output of South Asian countries at national and regional levels. The analysis evaluates national policies, examines regional trends, and benchmarks the research performance of South Asian countries against global comparators such as Brazil, China, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Vietnam. In this report, scholarly output refers to the number of scholarly publications produced by a country and indexed in Scopus®, including work by domestic academics as well as international collaborations.

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Oneness In Everyday Life: Nonduality, Wholeness And Human Life After Awakening, Gibbons, Tom Jan 2019

Oneness In Everyday Life: Nonduality, Wholeness And Human Life After Awakening, Gibbons, Tom

CONSCIOUSNESS: Ideas and Research for the Twenty-First Century

In Advaita Vedanta a distinction is made between an experience of oneness and permanent awakening. The author argues that a nondual philosophy such as Advaita - as opposed to a direct experience of oneness – contains significant theoretical difficulties, which in turn are reflected in problems with actualizing nonduality in everyday human life. Alternative spiritual conceptions that might be more helpful in guiding the nondual aspirant in her spiritual life are examined, including the concept of “wholeness.” In the place of a reliance on an exclusive doctrine of nonduality, Jorge Ferrar’s concept of “Participatory Spirituality” and A. H. Almaas’s idea …

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Categorical Modelling Of Conscious States, Baruss, Imants Jan 2019

Categorical Modelling Of Conscious States, Baruss, Imants

CONSCIOUSNESS: Ideas and Research for the Twenty-First Century

In the last several decades, there has been an explosion of research concerning consciousness with some efforts at mathematical modelling. The purpose of this paper is to model conscious states using categorical constructions. In particular, this modelling captures temporality, the intentional structure of consciousness, and meaning fields, which provide the templates for occurrent events. The architecture of conscious states naturally lends itself to applications of category theory, more specifically to sheaf-like constructions in which the stacks over a site are topoi whose germs are the objects of the topoi. Each topos represents the potential experiential content of an individual where …

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Psychotherapy In The Dream: A Phenomenological Exploration, Bustos, Nick Jan 2019

Psychotherapy In The Dream: A Phenomenological Exploration, Bustos, Nick

CONSCIOUSNESS: Ideas and Research for the Twenty-First Century

Post-materialist ontologies offer a transformed worldview whose implications point toward the illusory nature of the separate self, or ego. Aligned with the literature of mysticism and perennialist spiritual models, this portends a significantly altered backdrop for the practice and discipline of psychotherapy, the underlying premises of which assume a strict existential dichotomy between patient and therapist. Kenneth Wapnick, preeminent scholar of the twentieth-century spiritual document of A Course in Miracles, provides a relevant model toward integrating spiritually-based, ego-negative states within psychotherapy practice. The author studied the lived experiences of eight psychotherapists, both practicing and retired, who practice according to this …

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Guilty Until Proven Innocent (2019-2020), Jacob Anderson Jan 2019

Guilty Until Proven Innocent (2019-2020), Jacob Anderson

CPN 101: Researched Inquiry

In this student example, Robinson addresses wrongful convictions, falsified evidence, and other major problems in the American justice system. Relying heavily on source material, Robinson confronts systemic problems by detailing the work of a particular nonprofit organization and highlighting the evidence for the necessity of that organization.

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Wallace And Cole: Perception (2019-2020), Jodi Lang Jan 2019

Wallace And Cole: Perception (2019-2020), Jodi Lang

CPN 101: Remix

In this remix as a “reframe” or reframing, the student annotated her own essay as if she was completing an analysis anchor assignment on someone else’s essay. This remixes shows how the student’s thought process changes through creating a layer of self or meta-analysis for what was once considered a “finished” essay on the topic of perception.

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No One To Blame But Ourselves (2019-2020), Shelby Soule Jan 2019

No One To Blame But Ourselves (2019-2020), Shelby Soule

CPN 101: Researched Inquiry

This example of a research inquiry involves moving through various historical developments and statistics related to climate change (such as rising global temperatures, sea levels, ice sheets, and carbon dioxide emissions) in order to then contextualize global efforts to reduce climate change damage, such as the Paris Agreement. Throughout the research inquiry Soule uses an objective stance in presenting findings and developments ranging from the 1700s to present times, and supporting a conclusion that global devastation may be as close as 2100.

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Perception And Entropy (2019-2020), Matt Gustafson Jan 2019

Perception And Entropy (2019-2020), Matt Gustafson

CPN 101: Remix

In this remix as a “reframe” or reframing, the student annotated his own essay as if he was completing an analysis anchor assignment on someone else’s essay. This remixes shows how the student’s thought process changes through creating a layer of self or meta-analysis for what was once considered a “finished” essay on perception and entropy.

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Are Vaccines The Key To Alzheimer’S Treatment? (2019-2020), Myia Tyler Jan 2019

Are Vaccines The Key To Alzheimer’S Treatment? (2019-2020), Myia Tyler

CPN 101: Researched Inquiry

In this research inquiry, Tyler uses a metacognitive style of reflection walking the reader through her personal connections to topic selection and research process before presenting what she discovered in medical journal articles on the topic of using vaccines for Alzheimer’s treatment and prevention. In closely reviewing journal articles and their findings, Tyler is able to make comments about the challenges of developing a vaccine appropriate to humans (as opposed to the mice trials she reads about,) and the complexity of high failure rates in the past. Finally, Tyler comments on the financial issues involved in this treatment plan and …

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Accusative Voice In Sarah Resnick’S “H.” (2019-2020), Taylor Esposito Jan 2019

Accusative Voice In Sarah Resnick’S “H.” (2019-2020), Taylor Esposito

Analysis

In this analysis example, Esposito conducts a close reading on the structure and grammatical choice to use the accusative voice (addressing “you”) within an essay by Sarah Resnick. Esposito discusses how Resnick’s choices are effective in reaching the reader on the difficult subject of addiction.

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Why Is Truth And Reason Rejected? (2019-2020), Dina Hourigan Jan 2019

Why Is Truth And Reason Rejected? (2019-2020), Dina Hourigan

Analysis

In this student example we can see the moves of the analysis anchor assignment as Hourigan analyzes a concept as her object—reason, knowledge, or objectivity. Her analysis pays particular attention to the context of this object within a contemporary era where reason or objectivity may have different rhetorical value.

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Government Funding For The Arts (2019-2020), Michael Kravchenko Jan 2019

Government Funding For The Arts (2019-2020), Michael Kravchenko

Argument

In this example of an argument, Kravchenko makes the case for the need for continued funding for arts education. He points out the benefits of a funded arts education as increasing creativity, child development, and future career opportunities.

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Housing First To Address Homelessness (2019-2020), Caitlyn Gonzalez Jan 2019

Housing First To Address Homelessness (2019-2020), Caitlyn Gonzalez

Argument

In this student example we can see a clear stance is taken by Gonzales as she argues that vacant homes should be used to house the homeless based on a “Housing First” program model. Her argument draws on examples, narrative, and statistics to persuade the reader as to why this model of government and not-for-profit intervention would help homeless individuals and families recover financial and social stability.

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