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2018

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Articles 2731 - 2760 of 22831

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent-Restructured Form (Mmpi-A-Rf) With Juvenile Drug Court Adjudicated Outpatient Adolescents, Mary Caitlin Fertitta Nov 2018

Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent-Restructured Form (Mmpi-A-Rf) With Juvenile Drug Court Adjudicated Outpatient Adolescents, Mary Caitlin Fertitta

Theses and Dissertations

Many psychological disorders have their beginnings or foundations during the critical developmental period of adolescence. Substance use is particularly problematic at this time because of its risk for continuation into adulthood and because of the many problems associated with it, such as delinquency, family conflict, and poor emotional adjustment. Accurate assessment of emotional and behavioral disturbances in adolescents is important for directing treatment and intervention. This study aimed to contribute reference data for this specific population to the growing body of research with the newly published Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-Adolescent-Restructured Form (MMPI-A­RF). The central purposes of this study were to …


Profile Patterns Of Sex Offenders Using The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory- Second Edition- Restructured Form (Mmpi-2-Rf), Renee Vanslyke Nov 2018

Profile Patterns Of Sex Offenders Using The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory- Second Edition- Restructured Form (Mmpi-2-Rf), Renee Vanslyke

Theses and Dissertations

Personality assessment of sex offenders provides clarifying information regarding underlying characteristics that may contribute to commission of sex offenses. The Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI) and its second edition, the MMPI-2, have been the most extensively used personality measures in the psychological assessment of sex offenders. The latest version of the test, the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, Second Edition, Restructured Form (MMPI-2-RF) is the focus of the current study. The current study evaluated MMPI-2-RF profiles obtained from a sample of 281 adult male sex offenders. The mean age of the sample was 36.3 (SD = 13.1; range = 18 – …


The Internet And Conspiratorial Beliefs: The Inseparable Pair, Muhammad Beni Saputra Nov 2018

The Internet And Conspiratorial Beliefs: The Inseparable Pair, Muhammad Beni Saputra

JURNAL KOMUNIKASI INDONESIA

Meskipun usianya cukup muda, Internet telah konsisten dan memainkan peran kunci dalam menciptakan dan menyebarluaskan keyakinan konspiratif. Ia juga telah memfasilitasi keyakinan konspirasi untuk tersebar luas sejak era Web 1.0 . Dengan penemuan Web 2.0 atau platform media sosial, kekuatan Internet menjadi lebih unggul yang memungkinkan berbagai argumen tentang keyakinan konspiratif tertentu bertemu. Dalam kehidupan nyata, keyakinan konspiratif yang disebarluaskan melalui Internet telah menyebabkan efek sosial yang parah khususnya mengenai vaksinasi. Adalah Internet yang membuat keyakinan konspiratif anti vaksinasi menjadi terkenal yang mengakibatkan program vaksinasi terhambat di beberapa negara termasuk di Indonesia.

Despite its quite young age, the Internet has …


The Role Of Injury Type (Concussion Versus Orthopedic), Coping Style, Depressive Symptomology, And Neurocognitive Functioning In Predicting Student-Athlete Injury Rehabilitation, Eileen Margaret Croes-Orf Nov 2018

The Role Of Injury Type (Concussion Versus Orthopedic), Coping Style, Depressive Symptomology, And Neurocognitive Functioning In Predicting Student-Athlete Injury Rehabilitation, Eileen Margaret Croes-Orf

Theses and Dissertations

Objectives: To examine the role of injury type, coping style, depressive symptomology, and neurocognitive functioning in student-athlete injury recovery Method: Eighty-two (54.9% male; 45.1% female) students, aged 18-25, from the Florida Institute of Technology in Melbourne Florida were administered the Coping with Health Injuries and Problems and PHQ-9 questionnaires to study the relationship between coping and depressive symptomology. Baseline neurocognitive functioning data from ImPACT scores were gathered in both student athlete groups. Participants in the concussion group were assessed with the ImPACT during their follow-up concussion management appointments at the Florida Tech Neuropsychology Laboratory. Results: A significant interaction was found …


Constructing A Smart City Brand Identity: The Case Of South Tangerang, Ummi Salamah, Muhammad Rahmat Yananda Nov 2018

Constructing A Smart City Brand Identity: The Case Of South Tangerang, Ummi Salamah, Muhammad Rahmat Yananda

JURNAL KOMUNIKASI INDONESIA

Cities and urban regions have become centers of innovation since the Industrial Revolution and they continue to be so in the realm of Digital Revolution, using the concept of the smart city which combines modern ICT infrastructure with economic growth, high quality of life, wise natural resources management as well as investment in human and social capital through participatory government. Employing two (2) approaches, namely: (1) construction of regional competitiveness; and (2) place branding, this paper analyze South Tangerang city brand identities constructed via stakeholders’ direct experiences and official documents based on the smart city attributes and indicators coined by …


Digital Body: Horcrux Of Extended Self In Post-Human Era, Sari Monik Agustin Nov 2018

Digital Body: Horcrux Of Extended Self In Post-Human Era, Sari Monik Agustin

JURNAL KOMUNIKASI INDONESIA

Tubuh yang semula diganggu gugat telah berubah karena dengan inovasi teknologi yang ada, tubuh dapat diubah dan direkonstruksi seperti mengganti bagian-bagian mesin. Di era digital ini, tubuh dapat ditransformasikan menjadi bentuk non-material dan direkonstruksi. Data digital dapat disematkan dan avatar dapat dibentuk atau dibuat. Kesimpulan dari tulisan ini, tubuh digital adalah tubuh non-material yang mengandung horcrux, objek digital dari kata-kata dan pemikiran yang tinggal, dalam bentuk data digital dan avatar, yang mengacu pada perluasan diri di era pasca-manusia dengan karakteristik diri yang dikendalikan-dematerialisasi, diri hiperrealitas, diri dengan dukungan sosial, diri yang dikembangkan, dan diri yang berafi liasi sosial.

Body that …


Hyperreality Among Defense Of The Ancients 2’S Players, Putri Surya Cempaka, Johannes Haryatmoko Nov 2018

Hyperreality Among Defense Of The Ancients 2’S Players, Putri Surya Cempaka, Johannes Haryatmoko

JURNAL KOMUNIKASI INDONESIA

Studi ini meneliti kondisi dan praktik hiperrealitas di antara para pemain game online Dota 2 yang menunjukkan perspektif yang disebut pasca-manusia, sebuah perspektif yang percaya bahwa kemajuan teknologi akan memudahkan kehidupan secara umum. Dalam istilah kritis, ini mengurangi akal sehat manusia karena percaya bahwa teknologi telah mengambil alih fungsi manusia. Dalam memahami konsep post-human, dalam penelitian ini, kami merujuk kondisi post-human sebagai praktik hiperrealitas dengan berfokus pada persepsi visual para pemain Dota 2 selama aktivitas permainan mereka dan makna tentang permainan video mereka. Penelitian ini menggunakan konsep simulakra, simulasi, dan hiperrealitas menurut Jean Baudrillard. Dalam kondisi hiperrealitas, representasi yang tertanam …


Presenting Local Wisdom: A Multimodal Analysis Of Sedekah Gunung Merapi Video As A Tourism Promotion In Boyolali Regency, Julianne Indah Rachmawati, Warto Warto, Titis Srimuda Pitana Nov 2018

Presenting Local Wisdom: A Multimodal Analysis Of Sedekah Gunung Merapi Video As A Tourism Promotion In Boyolali Regency, Julianne Indah Rachmawati, Warto Warto, Titis Srimuda Pitana

JURNAL KOMUNIKASI INDONESIA

Upacara tradisional Sedekah Gunung adalah salah satu kearifan lokal yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat Desa Lencoh, Selo, Kabupaten Boyolali. Upacara ini bertujuan untuk mengungkapkan rasa terima kasih penduduk desa dan meminta perlindungan Tuhan dari bencana. Upacara ini memiliki potensi karena sering menjadi daya tarik wisata. Liputan media diperlukan untuk menyebarkan konten dan informasi tentang upacara ini. Salah satu contoh liputan media tentang tradisi ini adalah video yang diunggah di situs berbagi video YouTube bernama Sedekah Gunung merapi. Tulisan ini menganalisis beberapa aspek: (1) Apa sarana yang digunakan dalam video Sedekah Gunung Merapi untuk menghadirkan Sedekah Gunung sebagai objek wisata Kabupaten Boyolali? …


Cigarette As A Tool For Representing Masculinity In Indonesian Left-Wing Films, Redi Panuju, Daniel Susilo, Harliantara Harliantara Nov 2018

Cigarette As A Tool For Representing Masculinity In Indonesian Left-Wing Films, Redi Panuju, Daniel Susilo, Harliantara Harliantara

JURNAL KOMUNIKASI INDONESIA

Tulisan ini membahas representasi maskulinitas dalam film-film sayap kiri Indonesia, yang dibuat sebelum dan sesudah reformasi 1998. Film sayap kiri adalah film yang menceritakan tentang politik pada tahun 1965 dan berfokus fokus pada kontroversi Partai Komunis Indonesia (PKI). Beberapa film sayap kiri memposisikan PKI dan simpatisannya sebagai dalang di balik kudeta tahun 1965, tetapi ada juga yang menempatkan tokoh dan simpatisan komunis sebagai korban kekejaman pihak lain. Penelitian ini mempelajari tiga film, yaitu Pengkhianatan G30 S PKI, Sang Penari, dan Jagal-Act of Killing. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah analisis hubungan yang didasarkan pada konsep hubungan kekuasaan. Penelitian ini …


The Impact Of Social Media Campaign Time Scheduling On First-Time Voters’ Political Knowledge: An Experiment On Social Media Line Campaign Among First-Time Voters In East Jakarta, Novlyanti Rizkita Putri Nov 2018

The Impact Of Social Media Campaign Time Scheduling On First-Time Voters’ Political Knowledge: An Experiment On Social Media Line Campaign Among First-Time Voters In East Jakarta, Novlyanti Rizkita Putri

JURNAL KOMUNIKASI INDONESIA

Penelitian ini membahas dampak dari penjadwalan kampanye di media sosial LINE terhadap pengetahuan politik pemilih yang memilih pertama kali. Jakarta Timur dipilih sebagai ruang lingkup penelitian karena memiliki jumlah pemilih yang memilih pertama kali tertinggi di DKI Jakarta. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kuantitatif yang digabungkan dengan eksperimen murni (two-group posttest-only design) dalam mengumpulkan data. Pengujian hipotesis dengan T-Test sampel independen. Temuan dari penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa ada perbedaan yang signifikan antara pemilih yang memilih pertama kali yang menerima informasi tentang kampanye politik di prime time dan di waktu non-prime. Perbedaan ini menghasilkan kesimpulan bahwa ada dampak yang signifikan dari penjadwalan …


What Makes People Use Digital Library?: A Study Of Ijakarta Users, Dini Ratnasari, Hendriyani Hendriyani Nov 2018

What Makes People Use Digital Library?: A Study Of Ijakarta Users, Dini Ratnasari, Hendriyani Hendriyani

JURNAL KOMUNIKASI INDONESIA

Layanan publik telah mengalami transformasi digital. Pemerintah Daerah Khusus Ibukota Jakarta telah menyediakan perpustakaan digital iJakarta sebagai cara untuk mengembangkan rencana Kota Jakarta Pintar. Dengan mengembangkan model konseptual yang terkait dengan minat orang untuk menggunakan aplikasi perpustakaan digital, penelitian ini menggunakan kerangka teori Technology Acceptance Model (TAM). Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah: (1) Memberikan penjelasan tentang pengaruh persepsi kemudahan penggunaan dan persepsi kegunaan pada minat menggunakan iJakarta, dan (2) Menggambarkan faktor-faktor yang mempengaruhi hubungan keempat konsep, yaitu pengalaman, domain pengetahuan, aksesibilitas, dan relevansi. Data dikumpulkan dalam survei pada 130 pengguna iJakarta menggunakan sampel acak sederhana. Menggunakan analisis jalur, hasil penelitian …


An Examination Of The Stock Market’S Effect On Economic Inequality, Nicholas J. Golina Oct 2018

An Examination Of The Stock Market’S Effect On Economic Inequality, Nicholas J. Golina

Undergraduate Economic Review

The literature on economic inequality has shown that stock markets can negatively impact aggregate demand because it indicates a higher concentration of wealth in the hands of the top 10% as opposed to the middle class. The stock market could be one of the factors leading to increased inequality. This study contributes to the literature by analyzing stock markets in OECD countries. Building on Tsountas et al (2015), the results showed that stock markets can have a positive impact on inequality, but with weak economic significance. It is recommended that policymakers should focus on factors that more greatly impact inequality.


Who Is In The “We”? Interrogating The African Union’S Agenda 2063 And Youth Political Participation., Job Shipululo Amupanda J.S Oct 2018

Who Is In The “We”? Interrogating The African Union’S Agenda 2063 And Youth Political Participation., Job Shipululo Amupanda J.S

International Journal of African Development

Most analyses of the African Union (AU) focus on the politics of the state and presidents. There are very few analyses that focus on aspects such as youth development. This article departs from that tradition. It argues that although the youth were always part of important historical developments in Africa, they have remained on the periphery. In recent times, particularly since the transformation of the Organization of African Unity into the AU in the 2000s, the youth development agenda has begun to receive attention at the policy level. In 2015, the AU through Agenda 2063 went a step further by …


Breaking The Poverty Trap In Africa: A Comparative Perspective On Poverty Alleviation, Abu Girma Moges Oct 2018

Breaking The Poverty Trap In Africa: A Comparative Perspective On Poverty Alleviation, Abu Girma Moges

International Journal of African Development

An increasing number of African countries have recently registered improved rates of economic growth. Translating economic growth into poverty reduction, however, requires putting into place policies and institutions that promote a sustainable and shared economic growth process. The degree of success in poverty reduction depends largely on balancing the process of economic growth and the judicious pattern of income distribution so that an increasing share of the population benefits from the growth process and engages in more productive endeavors. Building the necessary policy and institutional framework to promote sustainable and shared economic growth is central in breaking the poverty trap …


Indigenous Knowledge And The Development Debate In Africa, Fidelis Ewane, Samson Ajagbe Oct 2018

Indigenous Knowledge And The Development Debate In Africa, Fidelis Ewane, Samson Ajagbe

International Journal of African Development

This research employs Bourdieu’s theory of habitus to explain the disposition of the donor community to integrate indigenous knowledge systems and practices into development projects. The theory’s objectivist perspective specifies the mechanism that links structural conditioning to social practice and regularities. It holds that power is culturally and symbolically created, and it is constantly re-legitimized through the interplay of agency and structure. This facilitates an analysis of the development field as social space characterized by indigenous and donor power relations. It argues that the reinforcement of indigenous knowledge as the main channel for development will generate transferable local capacities and …


Does Inclusive Growth Matter For Regional Integration In Africa? An Empirical Assessment, Mohammed Shuaibu, Mamello Nchake Oct 2018

Does Inclusive Growth Matter For Regional Integration In Africa? An Empirical Assessment, Mohammed Shuaibu, Mamello Nchake

International Journal of African Development

Inclusive growth is an important channel through which African countries can foster higher regional integration especially through trade. This is because many African countries are characterized by exclusive growth, small and fragmented domestic markets that are landlocked and often prone to external shocks. Using an augmented gravity specification, this paper conducts an empirical investigation of the relationship between regional integration and inclusive growth in Africa. The adapted model is estimated using ordinary least squares, Pseudo Poisson maximum likelihood estimator and the Blundell-Bond system generalized method of moment estimator. The empirical results reveal that inclusive growth plays a vital role towards …


The Impact Of Motivation On Employee Performance In Selected Insurance Companies In Nigeria., Oluwayomi A. Ekundayo Mr. Oct 2018

The Impact Of Motivation On Employee Performance In Selected Insurance Companies In Nigeria., Oluwayomi A. Ekundayo Mr.

International Journal of African Development

Motivation refers to a complexity of forces that inspires a person at work to intensify his desire and willingness to use his potentialities to perform in order to achieve organizational goals or objectives. This study investigates the relationship between motivation and the level of employee performance as applied to some selected insurance companies in Lagos. The study has three main objectives: to evaluate the effects of motivation on employee performance in some selected insurance companies, to assess motivational factors that can influence employee performance, and to recommend possible policies and innovations for better performance of the employees and increased profitability. …


Sustainable Energy Transitions: Changing The ‘Business As Usual’ Trajectory In Sub-Saharan African Urban Areas, Mark Borchers, Megan Euston-Brown, Simon Bawakyillenuo, Alex Ndibwami, Simon Batchelor Oct 2018

Sustainable Energy Transitions: Changing The ‘Business As Usual’ Trajectory In Sub-Saharan African Urban Areas, Mark Borchers, Megan Euston-Brown, Simon Bawakyillenuo, Alex Ndibwami, Simon Batchelor

International Journal of African Development

This paper describes a novel approach to helping municipal authorities address the sustainable energy challenges associated with rapidly growing urban populations in Sub-Saharan Africa. Population in Africa is expected to double between 2010 and 2040, and substantial urban growth is expected in small and medium-sized cities where local government capacity constraints are most serious. A long-term partnership between municipal authorities, NGOs, and academics can build capacity, and a prescribed strategy can lead to progress on the ground. In order to contribute to future action, the paper argues for a greater role of local government in sustainable energy transitions, and presents …


The Tigray Identity And The Paradox In The Securitization Of The Oromo And Amhara Identities In Ethiopia, Anwar Hassen Tsega Oct 2018

The Tigray Identity And The Paradox In The Securitization Of The Oromo And Amhara Identities In Ethiopia, Anwar Hassen Tsega

International Journal of African Development

Tigray’s ethnic nationality is the minority identity in the ruling Ethiopian People’s Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF), a coalition of four political parties under the leadership of the Tigray People’s Liberation Front (TPLF). For decades, the ruling party has governed by pitting the Oromo and Amhara against one another. Accordingly, the Oromo-Amhara solidarity is the greatest threat to the Ethiopian government. Within the framework of the Copenhagen school, we analyzed the securitization of the two majority identities. This essay is split into two sections. The first examines why and how the Oromo and Amhara identities have been securitized by the dominant …


Editorial Note, Sisay Asefa Oct 2018

Editorial Note, Sisay Asefa

International Journal of African Development

No abstract provided.


International Journal Of African Development, Vol. 5, Issue 1 Oct 2018

International Journal Of African Development, Vol. 5, Issue 1

International Journal of African Development

Complete issue of International Journal of African Development, Volume 5, Issue 1 - Spring 2018.


"Master Chef" With Chan And Mann Oct 2018

"Master Chef" With Chan And Mann

St. Norbert Times

  • News
    • “Master Chef” with Chan and Mann
    • Callaghan Speaks as Ambassador of Peace
    • Demand for Clarity of Title IX
    • Roundtable: Opening a Dialogue
    • Dance Marathon Coming up Soon
    • 2018 Academic Honor Code Review
  • Opinion
    • Anger Becomes Action
    • #WontBeErased
    • It’s That Time of Year
    • The Importance of Hobbies
    • Wicca
    • Abortion: The Central Issue
  • Features
    • Hallowed Haunts of Green Bay
    • Saving Earth One Meeting at a Time
    • Run for Lungs 5K
  • Entertainment
    • Event Spotlight
    • Sudoku
    • Trivia
    • What Happened to the Music Industry
    • Album Review: “Birthplace” by Novo Amor
    • Reminiscence of “The Flintstones”
    • “Chronicles of Narnia” Series in the Works at Netflix
    • Junk …


A Voyage Into The Abyss – A Look Into The First Year Of The Jamestown Settlement, Austin Valentine, Austin Valentine Jr. Oct 2018

A Voyage Into The Abyss – A Look Into The First Year Of The Jamestown Settlement, Austin Valentine, Austin Valentine Jr.

Student Scholarship & Creative Works

A brief introduction into the first year at the Jamestown settlement and the troubles the settlers faced upon arrival to the New World.


Scholars' Mine Quick Facts October 2018, Nancy S. Krost Oct 2018

Scholars' Mine Quick Facts October 2018, Nancy S. Krost

Scholars’ Mine Statistics

Scholars' Mine Quick Facts are monthly reports of downloads, page hits, and other information about works in the institutional repository of Missouri S&T. A map with downloads by region is also included.


Five Ways To Cultivate Open Education On Your Campus, Mandi Goodsett Oct 2018

Five Ways To Cultivate Open Education On Your Campus, Mandi Goodsett

Michael Schwartz Library Publications

As academic institutions focus attention on student retention and rising higher education costs, increasing attention has been paid to reducing the costs of instructional materials. Studies show that the high cost of textbooks, for instance, can impact student course choices, academic performance, and retention. Many faculty have found free, open textbooks and other open educational resources to be a successful alternative to expensive commercial textbooks. However, initiating an open education or affordable learning program on your campus can be tricky. Faculty are sometimes resistant to open education, administrators don’t always understand it, and librarians only have so much time to …


The Library As A Campus Sustainability Champion, Mandi Goodsett Oct 2018

The Library As A Campus Sustainability Champion, Mandi Goodsett

Michael Schwartz Library Publications

Library collaboration with other campus departments is a key method of cultivating and demonstrating value, both in terms of fruitful connections and increased impact. A library collaboration with the campus sustainability office accomplishes this task, and helps to promote a cause that is important to the entire campus community. This poster will explore how collaborative projects between the library and campus sustainability officer resulted in the increase in the library’s status as a champion of innovative and important initiatives, the opportunity to work with students to accomplish projects, and the chance to make a positive difference in the world. Initiatives …


The Anchor, Volume 132.08: October 31, 2018, Hope College Oct 2018

The Anchor, Volume 132.08: October 31, 2018, Hope College

The Anchor: 2018

The Anchor began in 1887 and was first issued weekly in 1914. Covering national and campus news alike, Hope College’s student-run newspaper has grown over the years to encompass over two-dozen editors, reporters, and staff. For much of The Anchor's history, the latest issue was distributed across campus each Wednesday throughout the academic school year (with few exceptions). In recent years The Anchor moved to monthly print issues and a more frequently updated website. The Anchor is now published in print twice per academic semester. Occasionally, the volume and/or issue numbering is irregular.


Women, Representation, Revolution, Rachel Robinson-Greene Oct 2018

Women, Representation, Revolution, Rachel Robinson-Greene

Languages, Philosophy, and Communication Studies Faculty Publications

As the midterm election rapidly approaches, one thing is obvious—the number of women running for office is truly historic. There are 256 women running for Congress, 234 for seats in the House and 22 for seats in the Senate. The majority of the women running are Democrats. There are 197 Democratic female candidates and 59 Republican female candidates. The previous record for Democratic female nominees to the House was established in 2016, when 120 women were nominated, a record that is shattered by this year’s numbers. Historically, women have never comprised more than one-fourth of the House or the Senate. …


A Comparative Analysis Of Non-Invasive Exploration Techniques Lidar Vs. Aerial Photography – Kincaid Mounds Archaeological Site, Austin Valentine, Austin Valentine Jr. Oct 2018

A Comparative Analysis Of Non-Invasive Exploration Techniques Lidar Vs. Aerial Photography – Kincaid Mounds Archaeological Site, Austin Valentine, Austin Valentine Jr.

Student Scholarship & Creative Works

KINCAID MOUNDS - A Comparative Analysis of Non-invasive Exploration Techniques is a journal of my efforts to conduct non-invasive site investigations at the Kincaid Mounds Archaeological site in Southern Illinois. Through the utilization of tools such as; drones, photography, satellite imaging, light distance and ranging, and powerful analysis software, I will demonstrate a number of useful techniques which one can utilize to conduct independent site investigations without disturbing a sites landscape or structural integrity. Thus, illustrating differences between those techniques and pointing out their strengths and weaknesses in their various applications.

During this journey, I will also venture into the …


Initiative 427: Nebraska Medicaid Expansion, J. David Aiken Oct 2018

Initiative 427: Nebraska Medicaid Expansion, J. David Aiken

Cornhusker Economics

This article summarizes information regarding Initiative 427–the Medicaid expansion question on the November 6, 2018 ballot. It reprints the actual ballot language and the Nebraska Secretary of State’s summary of arguments for and against Initiative 427.

Background. Originally Medicaid covered the elderly, the disabled, children in low-income families, and low-income pregnant women. In 2010 Medicaid coverage was expanded by Congress to include the working poor. In 2012 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that the provision of the Affordable Care Act (ACA) requiring states to expand Medicaid was unconstitutional. This made it a state option whether or not to expand Medicaid. …