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2018

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Articles 18691 - 18720 of 22831

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Race, Ethnicity, And The Great Recession : A National Evaluation Of Mortgages And Subprime Lending, 2004-2010, Meghan M. O'Neil Jan 2018

Race, Ethnicity, And The Great Recession : A National Evaluation Of Mortgages And Subprime Lending, 2004-2010, Meghan M. O'Neil

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The dissertation analyzes multilevel models to predict mortgage origination and the allocation of subprime credit pre-and-post Great Recession. With representative samples from two full years of mortgage applications filed in the top 100 U.S. metropolitan areas, the dissertation uncovers evidence of persistent disparities by race and neighborhood minority concentration despite controls for socioeconomic, demographic, assimilation and housing variables. Mortgage outcomes varied by applicant race, neighborhood racial composition and neighborhood racial change. Findings suggest evidence of Fair Housing Act violations and disparate impacts towards minority homebuyers and minority neighborhoods. Results lend support for spatial assimilation theories in explaining much of the …

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Relationships Among Community Violence Exposure, Physiological Stress Responses, And Resilience In Children, Cheryl Kayleen Best Jan 2018

Relationships Among Community Violence Exposure, Physiological Stress Responses, And Resilience In Children, Cheryl Kayleen Best

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study seeks to understand how resilience is affected by physiological stress responses in the context of community violence. The hypothesis of this paper is that physiological indicators of salivary cortisol and salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) would moderate a relation between community violence exposure in children and the expression of resilience. Forty-nine children aged nine to twelve were recruited from an after-school program located in an area with high levels of community violence. Results supported our hypothesis for sAA as a moderator of the relation between community violence and resilience, such that at high sAA reactivity, a negative relation exists between …

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Psychological Reactance Theory And Marijuana Craving, Melissa Nicole Slavin Jan 2018

Psychological Reactance Theory And Marijuana Craving, Melissa Nicole Slavin

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Psychological Reactance Theory (Brehm, 1966) asserts that people experience reactance (a retaliatory motivational state characterized by negative affect and resistant attitudes) when they perceive their autonomy is threatened. Reactance may lead to “boomerang effects”, where the individual is drawn toward the restricted object or behavior. Anti-marijuana (MJ) messages designed to discourage use might heighten reactance and inadvertently lead to greater craving for MJ and stronger intentions to use. The current online experiment determined that a message discouraging use of MJ evoked greater reactance in student and community member participants than a harm-reduction message. Additionally, reactance was associated with participants’ indirect …

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From Jim Crow To Diversity : Racial Formation As Institutional Logic In The U.S. National Park Service, 1935-2011, Rick Caceres-Rodriguez Jan 2018

From Jim Crow To Diversity : Racial Formation As Institutional Logic In The U.S. National Park Service, 1935-2011, Rick Caceres-Rodriguez

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study uses the U.S. National Park Service (NPS) as case to study how racial formation in organizations is shaped by the changing institutional logics of race. It draws from the institutional logics perspective to advance theorizing on race in organizations as a multi-level process structured by societal race dynamics. It does so by studying three critical moments in the history of the NPS in which the organization was exposed, and had to respond to, varying logics of race.

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The Influence Of Inversions On The Perception Of Major And Minor Chords, Vincenzo Belli Jan 2018

The Influence Of Inversions On The Perception Of Major And Minor Chords, Vincenzo Belli

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

A musical chord consists of three or more simultaneous notes. Of particular importance in Western music are major and minor triads. A root-position major triad consists of a tonic note, a note a major third (4 half-steps) above it, and a note a perfect fifth (7 half-steps) above it—e.g., C-E-G for a C-major chord. Similarly, a root-position minor triad consists of a tonic, a minor third (3 half-steps) above it, and the perfect fifth—e.g., C-Eb-G for a C-minor chord. Even non-musicians reliably distinguish between root-position major and minor triads as “happy” or “sad” respectively. However, there has been little investigation …

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Perceptions Of Justice : Views Of Jailed Defendants On Procedural And Distributive Justice, Kirstin Anne Morgan Jan 2018

Perceptions Of Justice : Views Of Jailed Defendants On Procedural And Distributive Justice, Kirstin Anne Morgan

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The current study examines defendant perceptions of their recent experiences in one of two criminal courts in an urban-suburban county. Forty-three interviews were conducted with jail sentenced participants, during which they were asked about the perceived fairness of the case process and outcomes, as well as their relationship with their defense attorney for the case. This study was undertaken to answer four research questions: 1) Are the concepts of procedural and distributive justice related from the defendant perspective? 2) Are perceptions of procedural justice related to satisfaction with case outcomes? 3) Are perceptions of procedural justice related to satisfaction with …

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Visual Variables On Mobile Devices : An Empirical Study Of Their Roles In Gaining Spatial Awareness, Andrew Donghyun Kim Jan 2018

Visual Variables On Mobile Devices : An Empirical Study Of Their Roles In Gaining Spatial Awareness, Andrew Donghyun Kim

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

More people are used to and comfortable using mobile devices compared to traditional paper maps. Multiple studies have suggested that user's spatial awareness tends to decrease as the user passively follows directions on a mobile device with diminished screen size. One way to overcome the shortcoming of the small screen is through displaying discrete off-screen objects (landmarks) located beyond the extent of mobile map displays. The current study empirically examines the effectiveness of using visual variables including size, fuzziness, and transparency to embed distance and direction information in implicit icons of off-screen objects. This study investigates the effectiveness of these …

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"I Think That's Really What It Comes Down To, Is Intimacy": Lgbtq+ Polyamory And The Queering Of Intimacy, Emily Pain Jan 2018

"I Think That's Really What It Comes Down To, Is Intimacy": Lgbtq+ Polyamory And The Queering Of Intimacy, Emily Pain

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Polyamory is an intimate practice, identity, and philosophy that permits open and honest relationships with multiple partners and centers on values such as communication, trust, and egalitarianism. The limited body of existing research on polyamory has contributed important perspectives towards a sociological understanding of polyamorous relationship negotiations and family challenges; however, it has focused primarily on privileged groups, drawing participants from polyamorous communities that are largely comprised of white, middle-class, heterosexual cisgender men and bisexual cisgender women. LGBTQ+ (‘queer’) lives have been severely marginalized in this literature, reinforcing oppressive gender and sexual hierarchies and leaving many important questions unanswered. Moreover, …

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From State Monopoly To Welfare Mix With Chinese Characteristics : The Political Economy Of Social Policy Reform In China, Xiaoye She Jan 2018

From State Monopoly To Welfare Mix With Chinese Characteristics : The Political Economy Of Social Policy Reform In China, Xiaoye She

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

China’s social policy discourses have increasingly shifted towards a rights-based approach emphasizing equity and social justice. Under Xi Jinping’s leadership, the party-state promises to play a leading role in protecting the “basic rights” of housing, healthcare, and elderly care for all Chinese citizens. What does it mean for the urban poor and rural migrants, given the country’s deteriorating income inequality and widening rural-urban divide? How can we explain regional and local variations despite China’s authoritarian political structure?

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The Criminological Implications Of Moral Foundations, Jasmine Renee Silver Jan 2018

The Criminological Implications Of Moral Foundations, Jasmine Renee Silver

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Judgments about morality play an important role in several areas of crime and justice. This dissertation applies Haidt’s Moral Foundations Theory (MFT)—which posits that judgments about morality are intuitive and pluralistic—to develop a theoretical framework for understanding the role of moral cognition in shaping attitudes and behaviors related to crime and justice. I also draw on research suggesting that people make moral judgments separately about moral agents (e.g., offenders) and moral patients (e.g., victims). Specifically, via an offender-centered theoretical framework, I argue that endorsement of moral foundations that promote moral concerns that are specific to one’s ingroup (a binding motive) …

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Expanding Our Vision : An Empirical Examination Of Security Sector Reform, Andrew Vitek Jan 2018

Expanding Our Vision : An Empirical Examination Of Security Sector Reform, Andrew Vitek

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation contributes empirical analysis on the dynamics of security sector reform and aims to establish an understanding of the interplay between civilian governments, security forces and international actors in attempts to reform the security sectors of transitioning or reconstructing states. The need for reform programs aimed at boosting civilian control over state security forces has gained increased attention following the end of the Cold War, especially for states during regime transitions or post-conflict reconstruction. The record of success for these programs however remains inconsistent, and empirical scholarship aimed at the process at the time of writing is problematically sparse.

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In Their Own Voices : A Mixed Methodology Study Of An Independent Living Program For Foster And Homeless Youth, Emily Elizabeth Delorenzo Jan 2018

In Their Own Voices : A Mixed Methodology Study Of An Independent Living Program For Foster And Homeless Youth, Emily Elizabeth Delorenzo

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of an Independent Living Program in upstate New York on foster and homeless youths’ ability to successfully transition to independence. The quantitative portion of this mixed methodology study examines whether or not the program as a whole had any effect on the progress of youth in the domains of employment, housing and education. The results indicate that greater number of days in the program and a thorough discharge plan were associated with positive outcomes for youth. The qualitative portion of this study provides much needed descriptive data on youths’ attitudes …

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Bossy, Abrasive And A Bit Too Aggressive : The Unique Double Bind Of Agentic Women In The Workplace, Lindsay Ciancetta Jan 2018

Bossy, Abrasive And A Bit Too Aggressive : The Unique Double Bind Of Agentic Women In The Workplace, Lindsay Ciancetta

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Women who violate the female gender role norm of communality by acting agentically have been found to experience social repercussions, such as decreased likability (Eagly & Wood, 2012). This phenomenon has been defined as the backlash effect (Rudman, 1998). The current work draws upon this idea and expands the area to a qualitative criterion, specifically written performance appraisals, and explores the relationship between the backlash effect and individual outcomes of perceived supervisor support, affective organizational commitment and turnover intentions. The results of a mixed qualitative and quantitative analysis of a sample of 400 written performance evaluations from two organizations provide …

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Exemplary Welshness : The Role Of The Transnational Welsh Heritage Network And Being Welsh In Patagonia, Kimberly Anne Berg Jan 2018

Exemplary Welshness : The Role Of The Transnational Welsh Heritage Network And Being Welsh In Patagonia, Kimberly Anne Berg

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In recent years, the Welsh Diaspora community in Chubut has gained significant visibility in Welsh and other media in light of the 150th anniversary of the settlement’s establishment. In addition to the commemorative sesquicentenary celebrations taking place in July of 2015, the performance of Welshness has become increasingly congruent with homeland displays of the familiar aspects of Welsh national identity. In large parts, Welsh Patagonian language and heritage revitalization efforts have been facilitated by the transnational Welsh heritage network, composed of Welsh national institutions and Welsh Patagonian heritage associations collaborating with the expressed goal of maintaining a distinct Welsh identity …

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Public Program Evaluation In Health Economics : An Empirical Study, Linna Xu Jan 2018

Public Program Evaluation In Health Economics : An Empirical Study, Linna Xu

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation consists of three essays on public program evaluation in health economics. This dissertation explores the estimation of treatment effects of public programs on risky behaviors, health insurance status, labor market outcomes or other health-related outcomes among adolescents or young adults and addresses causality inferences based on empirical modeling, analysis and applications. The first chapter in this dissertation identifies the causal treatment effects of keg registration laws on underage alcohol consumption and related outcomes: alcohol-related traffic fatalities, by exploiting the substantial variations in the timing of the introduction of these laws across different states at different times. Using the …

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An Exploration Of Caregiver Engagement In Residential Treatment For Youth, Raquel Moriarty Derrick Jan 2018

An Exploration Of Caregiver Engagement In Residential Treatment For Youth, Raquel Moriarty Derrick

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Support for caregiver engagement in their child’s residential treatment is widespread and growing because of the benefits of caregiver engagement to a youth’s treatment process. This dissertation explores the construct of caregiver engagement, defined as caregiver motivation and expectation for their child’s treatment, caregiver bond with staff and caregiver collaboration on treatment goals and tasks among a cohort of 101 caregivers with a child in a Residential Treatment Center (RTC). Mixed methods were used to qualitatively and quantitatively explore caregiver perspectives and experiences that contribute to or detract from their level of engagement in their child’s treatment process. Findings reveal …

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Now, Tomorrow, Forever The Persistence Of School Segregation In America, Dustin Connors Jan 2018

Now, Tomorrow, Forever The Persistence Of School Segregation In America, Dustin Connors

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The 1954 Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision has long been heralded as a landmark ruling and as evidence of America's progress toward a more accepting and equitable society. What is less widely known outside of academic circles is the extent to which that ruling failed to provide the equality its supporters were seeking. Today, America is still wrestling with a crisis most of us thought long solved: the racial segregation within our school districts. In my documentary film entitled Now, Tomorrow, Forever: The Persistence of School Segregation in America, I will set out to explore the state …

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Exploring Three Strategies For The Prevention Of Hospital-Acquired Clostridium Difficile Infection In Nys Acute Care Hospitals-- : Structure-Process-Outcome Model Of Quality Improvement, Danielle Jane Durant Jan 2018

Exploring Three Strategies For The Prevention Of Hospital-Acquired Clostridium Difficile Infection In Nys Acute Care Hospitals-- : Structure-Process-Outcome Model Of Quality Improvement, Danielle Jane Durant

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Those receiving medical care are at risk for developing serious hospital-acquired conditions (HACs), which include infections (HAIs) and other harm while receiving medical care. Pay for performance programs initiated by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS), and private payers, linking reimbursements to quality of care, have created financial incentives for hospitals to address these HACs. The most common HAI in the United States, causing almost half a million infections, with 29,000 deaths within 30 days of diagnosis, results from Clostridium difficile. Infection with this bacterium leads to deadly diarrhea, and disproportionately impacts patients 65 and older, representing 80% …

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The Influence Of Self-Control On Creative Cognition, Christa Larai Taylor Jan 2018

The Influence Of Self-Control On Creative Cognition, Christa Larai Taylor

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Two studies were conducted to investigate how ego-depletion influences performance on two frequently used indicators of creative cognition: divergent thinking and insight problem solving. In the first study, participants (N= 152) were randomly assigned to one of six conditions, based on a depletion (ego-depletion vs. control vs. difficult, non-depletion) x task instruction (creativity vs. fluency) design. After completing a well-established ego-depletion procedure (i.e., re-typing a paragraph without using the letter “e” or the spacebar vs. re-typing it as one normally would or completing moderately difficult math problems), participants completed three AUTs (asking them to generate uses for a brick, paperclip, …

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Making Sense Of The Mix : Understanding The Role Of Family Dynamics In The Racial Identity Experiences Of Black-White Emerging Adults, Crystal Austin Jan 2018

Making Sense Of The Mix : Understanding The Role Of Family Dynamics In The Racial Identity Experiences Of Black-White Emerging Adults, Crystal Austin

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

As a population, Black-White (B-W) biracial individuals have been relatively overlooked and underserved in the psychological literature. Although some theoretical attention has been paid to the racial identity development of biracial individuals, research is lacking on the psychological processes influencing the identity experiences of these individuals (Rockquemore et al., 2009). Specifically, little is known about how adults’ family-of-origin dynamics influence the racial identity construction process of B-W individuals.

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Perseverative Thinking In Eating Pathology : Do Rumination Patterns Differ According To Symptom Type?, Lauren Eileen Ehrlich Jan 2018

Perseverative Thinking In Eating Pathology : Do Rumination Patterns Differ According To Symptom Type?, Lauren Eileen Ehrlich

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Rumination, defined as repetitive, negative, self-referential thinking, is strongly associated with the development and maintenance of many internalizing disorders. Although rumination was first examined within the depression literature, it is now considered a transdiagnostic risk factor that underlies many psychological disorders. Despite the negative consequences of engaging in these thought processes, rumination is a common cognitive process, perhaps due to positive metacognitive beliefs about the function of rumination. Recent work has demonstrated a link between eating pathology and a tendency to ruminate on eating disorder relevant themes, as well as beliefs about the usefulness of rumination. Our understanding of this …

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Asymmetric Loss, Informatics And Forecast Uncertainty, Wuwei Wang Jan 2018

Asymmetric Loss, Informatics And Forecast Uncertainty, Wuwei Wang

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

In this thesis I estimate the asymmetry of forecasters’ loss functions and uncertainty of forecasts. Continuous distributions are fitted into histogram density forecasts. Of the two candidates of distributions used for the fitting process, generalized beta / triangular distribution is preferred to the normal distribution for its better fit and flexibility in accommodating excess skewness. Time varying loss function asymmetry is obtained by combining the fitted density distribution and the point forecasts of the same forecaster. Utilizing generalized beta distribution and triangular distribution, I find that forecasters tend to provide more favorable forecasts in their point forecasts than in their …

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Exploring Religiosity And Spirituality On The Meaning Of Hiv/Aids And Service Provision In Malawi, Sung Ah Choi Jan 2018

Exploring Religiosity And Spirituality On The Meaning Of Hiv/Aids And Service Provision In Malawi, Sung Ah Choi

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Background: Almost two-thirds of the total HIV/AIDS infected populations in the world

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Clinical Information Extraction From Unstructured Free-Texts, Mingzhe Tao Jan 2018

Clinical Information Extraction From Unstructured Free-Texts, Mingzhe Tao

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Information extraction (IE) is a fundamental component of natural language processing (NLP) that provides a deeper understanding of the texts. In the clinical domain, documents prepared by medical experts (e.g., discharge summaries, drug labels, medical history records) contain a significant amount of clinically-relevant information that is crucial to the overall well-being of patients. Unfortunately, in many cases, clinically-relevant information is presented in an unstructured format, predominantly consisting of free-texts, making it inaccessible to computerized methods. Automatic extraction of this information can improve accessibility. However, the presence of synonymous expressions, medical acronyms, misspellings, negated phrases, and ambiguous terminologies make automatic extraction …

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Cravings And Gestational Weight Gain : Predictors Of Weight-Related Health In Pregnancy And The Postpartum, Natalia Christine Orloff Jan 2018

Cravings And Gestational Weight Gain : Predictors Of Weight-Related Health In Pregnancy And The Postpartum, Natalia Christine Orloff

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

More than half of all pregnancies result in excess gestational weight gain (GWG), which is one of the most common high-risk obstetric conditions and is associated with health complications in the mother and the fetus. We have conceptualized excess GWG within the Elaboration Intrusion framework and developed studies to test this theory and identify predictors of excess GWG. These studies sought to 1) establish the appropriateness of existing measures related to the constructs of the EI Theory, 2) establish a causal effect of food craving on excess GWG, 3) examine the role of knowledge as a predictor in excess GWG, …

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Three Methodological Innovations In Race And Ethnicity Research, Jeffrey Napierala Jan 2018

Three Methodological Innovations In Race And Ethnicity Research, Jeffrey Napierala

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This dissertation examines topics related to racial and ethnic diversity through three essays. Each essay takes a new perspective on a current issue in the literature and utilizes a unique statistical methodology to address that issue. The first essay uses the Monte Carlo Simulation Method to develop a measure of segregation for the ACS and uses it to assess whether the ACS is useful for measuring segregation in places with different sizes. The second essay considers whether a relatively unexplored factor, genetics, is correlated with migration. This perspective broadens our understanding of why migration occurs and is perpetuated over time. …

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What Interventions Do Therapists Utilize In Early Treatment For Generalized Anxiety Disorder? : An Exploratory Analysis Of Responders And Non-Responders, Brittany King Jan 2018

What Interventions Do Therapists Utilize In Early Treatment For Generalized Anxiety Disorder? : An Exploratory Analysis Of Responders And Non-Responders, Brittany King

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

A subset of psychotherapy clients experience symptom improvement very early in the treatment process, a phenomenon referred to as rapid response. Research shows a strong relationship between early treatment response and positive post-treatment status. Surprisingly, little research to date has intensively examined therapist behaviors and intervention use in the early phase of treatment. Conceptual work has debated the relative importance of model-specific technique use vs. common factors, yet more empirical work examining longitudinal relationships between these categories of process variables and outcome is needed. Using archived video/audio sessions from a larger (N = 70 completers) randomized control trial (RCT) comparing …

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Beyond The Parental Generation : The Influences Of Grandparents' Socioeconomic Status On Grandchildren's Wellbeing, Ying Huang Jan 2018

Beyond The Parental Generation : The Influences Of Grandparents' Socioeconomic Status On Grandchildren's Wellbeing, Ying Huang

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Health disparities in relation to socioeconomic status are persistent and pervasive in the United States. My dissertation investigates the intergenerational determinants of child wellbeing. Driven by several life course models as well as the cumulative (dis)advantage theory, this dissertation examines whether and how grandparental socioeconomic status (SES) shapes the health and cognitive skills of their grandchildren, paying special attention to identifying direct and indirect processes, and assesses the heterogeneous effects by child race. Analyses are based on longitudinal data from the U.S. Panel Study of Income Dynamics (PSID) and the supplemental studies of Child Development Supplement (CDS). I use multivariate …

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The Comparative Lethality Of Two Disparate World Regions : An Examination Of Latin America And Europe To Explain Discrepant Homicide Trends, Karise Marie Curtis Jan 2018

The Comparative Lethality Of Two Disparate World Regions : An Examination Of Latin America And Europe To Explain Discrepant Homicide Trends, Karise Marie Curtis

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Within recent decades, homicide rates in Latin American nations have strongly diverged from those of European nations. The former experienced a sharp increase in the last two decades, while the latter have experienced the oft-characterized “modern crime decline.” However, few studies have endeavored to explain this divergence, and many that do often attribute any differences to a regional dummy variable said to characterize some unique phenomenon occurring in the region (i.e., machismo) without modeling specifically for levels of said phenomenon. As such, this study uses a panel extension of a well-known homicide model (Land, McCall, & Cohen, 1990) in a …

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Role Of Stress And Emotion Regulation Profiles In The Relation Between Childhood Stress And Adult Psychopathology Symptoms, Stephanie Emhoff Jan 2018

Role Of Stress And Emotion Regulation Profiles In The Relation Between Childhood Stress And Adult Psychopathology Symptoms, Stephanie Emhoff

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Research consistently indicates that harsh parenting and interparental aggression are associated with long-term adjustment problems. However, not all youth exposed to these types of environmental stress go on to develop adverse outcomes. Additional research is needed on factors that increase risk for or protect against adverse psychological outcomes following early environmental stress. The present study examined reactivity profiles, developed from biological, behavioral, and affective responses to stress in young adults, as moderators in the relation between exposure to interparental aggression and/or harsh parenting during childhood and adolescence and psychopathology symptoms in young adults. Latent profile analysis indicated a 2-profile model …

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