Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons™

Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®

2010

Discipline
Institution
Keyword
Publication
Publication Type
File Type

Articles 6301 - 6330 of 12752

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Marriage: Sooner Or Later, Franklin O. Poulsen, Dean Busby Apr 2010

Marriage: Sooner Or Later, Franklin O. Poulsen, Dean Busby

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The major purpose of this study is to explore whether there are concrete relationship factors, family factors or attitudes that explain why individuals put off getting married till later and later even though they generally view it as desirable. In order to test this we use two variables (Desire to be Married and Readiness for a Close Relationship) as indicators of marriage imminence and then utilize predictors to see if our conceptual framework accurately predicts these indicators. Our predictors follow an ecological approach (Larson & Holman, 1994) to dating and marriage that assumes a variety of contexts (family, dating, culture …

Go to article

Marriage, Coparenting, & Family Work Over Time: A Latent Growth Curve Analysis, Adam M. Galovan, Erin K. Holmes Apr 2010

Marriage, Coparenting, & Family Work Over Time: A Latent Growth Curve Analysis, Adam M. Galovan, Erin K. Holmes

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Using data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development (n = 1024 couples), we examined the associations between parenting, similarity in parenting, and emotional intimacy. Mothers’ initial level of family work responsibility was the most significant predictor of emotional intimacy for both Fathers and Mothers. More traditional, adult-centered parenting beliefs were also associated with decreased emotional intimacy for Mothers. Similarity in family work and parenting beliefs showed stability overtime. In general, similarity in parenting and consensus in family work activities was not as significantly associated with emotional intimacy as the individual parenting constructs.

Go to article

Media Increases Narcissistic Tendencies In College Students, Megan Sheldon, Melanie Johnson, Brady Morris, Brittany Stevenson Apr 2010

Media Increases Narcissistic Tendencies In College Students, Megan Sheldon, Melanie Johnson, Brady Morris, Brittany Stevenson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

In the recent decade, society has seen more and more cases of narcissistic entitlement (NE) (Twenge, Konratin, Foster, Campbell, & Bushman, 2008). An increased emphasis on celebrity worship, material wealth, physical appearance, media styles, and attention seeking in recent years may account for this shift in NE (Chen, 1998), (Ashe, Maltby, McCutcheon, 2005). NE occurs when people believe themselves to be entitled to certain privileges and have an obsessive self-love rooted in an insecure self-esteem. Individuals with NE may also be more prone to go into debt than those without it because they feel entitled to certain things even though …

Go to article

Neither Foster Nor Orphanages, Tami Thayne, Judy Norman Apr 2010

Neither Foster Nor Orphanages, Tami Thayne, Judy Norman

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Clearly, there are circumstances requiring out-of family placement for children. Foster care in the U. S. and orphanages in numerous countries remain available or the only alternative for care of some children at-risk. The mental status of children while in alternative care has received little research attention while much research has focused on the post-care, long-term negative consequences of such care, including developmental delays or impairment (Norman & Park, 2009; Pearce & Pearce, 2001). Research suggests a significant negative psychological impact for children raised in orphanages. While foster care has been viewed as an improvement in the care of vulnerable …

Go to article

Parental Stress As A Mediator For Relationship Satisfaction And Child Well-Being Between Two Adult Developmental Groups, Heather Perkins, Brian J. Willoughby Apr 2010

Parental Stress As A Mediator For Relationship Satisfaction And Child Well-Being Between Two Adult Developmental Groups, Heather Perkins, Brian J. Willoughby

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

In the last 15 years, a new body of research looking at the development of individuals within the age range of 18 to 25 has emerged. Fifty years ago, this developmental period was marked by what are now deemed “adult” responsibilities such as marriage and parenthood. In present times however, we have found that more and more individuals are using this period as a time to obtain an education, and form self identity. Research looking at this population has unearthed distinguishing characteristics that set them apart from other developmental groups (Arnett & Taber, 1994). For emerging adults undergoing the transition …

Go to article

Religiosity And Achievement: The Benefit Of Religious Schooling For Religious Youth, Brett Taylor, Michael Peterson, Benjamin Gibbs Apr 2010

Religiosity And Achievement: The Benefit Of Religious Schooling For Religious Youth, Brett Taylor, Michael Peterson, Benjamin Gibbs

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Parental religious involvement and its effects on child math achievement in Catholic and public settings was examined at various age categories in the National Childhood Longitudinal Study: Kindergarten Cohort (NCLS-K). A mother’s attendance at a religious service was found to have a significant, negative impact on student achievement overall, varying by the degree of maternal religious involvement and the religious affiliation of the child’s school. From the data, we conclude that children with very religiously involved mothers are at greatest disadvantage in non-religious schools, and further conclude that children of very religious mothers would benefit most from religious educational environments.

Go to article

Saving The Surfer Identity: The Paddle-Out Ceremony, Charles R. Thomas, John Hawkins Apr 2010

Saving The Surfer Identity: The Paddle-Out Ceremony, Charles R. Thomas, John Hawkins

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The circle has many forms within Surf Culture, including the lei. The Circle in the Paddle-out is known as the Symbol of Eternity.

Go to article

The Paradox Of English In Tonga: Attributed Status Vs. Social Aversion, Pauline Tuitavuki, John Hawkins Apr 2010

The Paradox Of English In Tonga: Attributed Status Vs. Social Aversion, Pauline Tuitavuki, John Hawkins

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

My research took place among young adult Tongans, ages 18-30 on the main island of Nuku'alofa in the last remaining Pacific Kingdom of Tonga where Tongan and English are both recognized as official languages. Previous research in Tonga shows that robust sectors of the economy, involving business, tourism, and education, requires English language proficiency for good employment. Consequently, Tongans highly esteem English proficiency, although my experience revealed English practically non-existent in daily communication. Why? Divulging, interviewing, and surveying the impacts of English, past, present, and future, presented three main reasons for social aversion toward speaking English which for them, often …

Go to article

The Impact Of Religiosity On The Drug Use Of High School Athletes: Can Parents Really Make A Difference?, Lance C. Shuldberg, Sarah Coyne Apr 2010

The Impact Of Religiosity On The Drug Use Of High School Athletes: Can Parents Really Make A Difference?, Lance C. Shuldberg, Sarah Coyne

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

There are mixed findings on the impact of parents on adolescent drug use. Parents including adolescents in athletic programs reduce some but not all drug use. Parents’ religiosity is the number one predictor of adolescent religiosity.

Go to article

Theoretical Treasure Untapped: Sociology’S Neglect Of Friedrich Nietzsche, Meghan Butcher, Howard Bahr Apr 2010

Theoretical Treasure Untapped: Sociology’S Neglect Of Friedrich Nietzsche, Meghan Butcher, Howard Bahr

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Q1-How might Nietzsche’s work benefit sociology? Q2-To what extent is Nietzsche already represented in the sociological tradition? Q3-How have sociologists responded to Antonio’s (1995) plea that we consider him a founder? Q4-How does sociological usage compare with that of other disciplines? Q5-What are our options and opportunities?

Go to article

Materialism, Religiosity, And Financial Stress As Predictors Of Retirement Planning, Scott H. Payne, Jeffrey P. Dew, Jeremy Yorgason Apr 2010

Materialism, Religiosity, And Financial Stress As Predictors Of Retirement Planning, Scott H. Payne, Jeffrey P. Dew, Jeremy Yorgason

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Since 1978 the number of individuals covered by defined-benefit plans has been cut in half (presently 21%), and personal savings as a percentage of disposable income has also declined from 8.9% in 1978 to 4.3% in 2009. These changes are impacting financial stability during retirement. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact materialism, religiosity, and financial stress have on retirement planning.

Go to article

Pathways To Marriage...Or Not: A Study On The Emotions Of Dating In Lds Young Adults, Stephanie L. Standage, Melissa S. Kuhlenhoelter, Thomas B. Holman Apr 2010

Pathways To Marriage...Or Not: A Study On The Emotions Of Dating In Lds Young Adults, Stephanie L. Standage, Melissa S. Kuhlenhoelter, Thomas B. Holman

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The “Pathways To Marriage…Or Not” study was preformed to gain a greater understanding of the dating attitudes and experiences of LDS young adults while dating. It has become apparent through the course of this study that dating has changed from what it has been in the past. We have seen a greater amount of hanging out, and not as much casual dating. We have seen a lot of dissonance between what people say and what they do. We are wondering why this is. Why is it that young adults seem to have a harder time dating these days? We feel …

Go to article

Performance-Monitoring And Evaluative Control In High Functioning Autism, Erin Krauskopf, A. Clawson, O. Johnston, M. J. Crowley Apr 2010

Performance-Monitoring And Evaluative Control In High Functioning Autism, Erin Krauskopf, A. Clawson, O. Johnston, M. J. Crowley

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

1. Understanding the neurobiology of how children with ASD make mistakes has implications for understanding biological causes and informing intervention strategies 2. This study aimed to determine how response monitoring (i.e., learning from mistakes) differs between those with ASD and controls

Go to article

Schizophrenia And Error Processing: A Meta Analysis, David Rackham, Scott Baldwin, Michael Larson Apr 2010

Schizophrenia And Error Processing: A Meta Analysis, David Rackham, Scott Baldwin, Michael Larson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

The error-related negativity (ERN) is a response locked Event-Related Potential component that peaks approximately 50 ms after an incorrect response. (Gehring, 1993) In a general sense the ERN seems to play a role in error detection and monitoring that occurs in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC). The ERN is modulated by affective variables as well as by psychopathology. It is thought that deficiencies in the internal monitoring systems of individuals with schizophrenia may be related to the expression of symptoms typical to schizophrenia. Studies of the ERN and individuals with schizophrenia have revealed significant results that support these assumptions. No …

Go to article

Spirituality And Error Processing, Angelica M. Mamani, Patrick Steffen, Michael Larson Apr 2010

Spirituality And Error Processing, Angelica M. Mamani, Patrick Steffen, Michael Larson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Hundreds of articles have been published in psychology journals investigating spirituality and its uses in therapy and as a coping mechanism. However little research has been done on the effect of spirituality and neurological processes. Inzlichtet. al. (2009) asserted that both belief in God and high religious zeal were correlated with smaller ERN amplitudes. However in Inzlicht’s study only those who were highly zealous spiritually and if the participants believed in God. Nothing about the components of spirituality were examined. In order to fully assess the components of spirituality the Spirituality Assessment Inventory (SAI) was administered and the various subscales …

Go to article

Social Versus Memory Demands On Cognitive Set Shifting, Oliver H. Johnston, S. White, A. Clawson, E. Krauskopf Apr 2010

Social Versus Memory Demands On Cognitive Set Shifting, Oliver H. Johnston, S. White, A. Clawson, E. Krauskopf

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Executive functions refer to brain processes needed for planning, flexibility, abstract thinking, and other everyday organizational tasks. There remains inconsistency in executive function (EF) studies in autism. A recent review of previous studies (Corbett et al., 2009) reports overall significant deficiencies in EF for autism groups, but it is uncertain how much of this may be due to the presence of ADHD symptoms in 30-50% of children diagnosed with autism (Yerys et al 2009). It has been shown that children with high-functioning autism perform the Wisconsin Card Sort, a test of set-shifting and perseveration, better when it is administered via …

Go to article

Temperamental Behaviors Measured During The First Months Of Life Are Predictive Of Aggression In Group Housed Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta), Andrew C. Chaffin, Christina S. Barr, James D. Higley Apr 2010

Temperamental Behaviors Measured During The First Months Of Life Are Predictive Of Aggression In Group Housed Rhesus Macaques (Macaca Mulatta), Andrew C. Chaffin, Christina S. Barr, James D. Higley

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Temperament is thought to be the foundation for personality and subsequent behaviors later in life. To assess early temperamental variables that place individuals at risk for aggression later in life, this laboratory-based study examined infant behavior in group housed infant rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta). The subjects were 52 mother-reared subjects. Behavior was assessed from the first through the eighth months of life using objective behavioral measures. Two 5-minute sessions were recorded for subjects each week over 8 months and the average rate of each of the 25 behaviors measured was the dependent measure. A test of the same subjects 2-4 …

Go to article

The Pediatric Outcome Questionnaire: Considerations Regarding A Promising Pediatric Outcome Measure, Sasha Mondragon, Scott Baldwin, Mikle South Apr 2010

The Pediatric Outcome Questionnaire: Considerations Regarding A Promising Pediatric Outcome Measure, Sasha Mondragon, Scott Baldwin, Mikle South

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

To our knowledge, the Preschool Outcome Questionnaire (POQ) is the only existing measure developed specifically to track treatment progress over time in preschool-aged children. We examined the factor structure of the POQ using an exploratory factor analysis and conclude that the POQ is an essential first step toward effective measurement of treatment outcome in young children. However, we suggest a revision of POQ items in order to provide greater cohesion and reliability without sacrificing the effective elements of the measure.

Go to article

Examining The Impacts Of Habitat Fragmentation Along The Western Border Of Yellowstone National Park, Alex D. Johnson, Vania Hernandez, Janelle Sands, Matthew Bekker Apr 2010

Examining The Impacts Of Habitat Fragmentation Along The Western Border Of Yellowstone National Park, Alex D. Johnson, Vania Hernandez, Janelle Sands, Matthew Bekker

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Landscape Ecology combines the disciplines of geography and ecology to give a unique spatial approach, which allows extrapolation across scales Our area of study is located on the SW border of Yellowstone National Park and the adjacent National Forest. (Fig.1) Different land management practices between the National Park and National Forest, in particular, deforestation in the National Forest, can affect the ecosystem in the greater Yellowstone area. (Fig. 2)

Go to article

Antecedents Of Paternal Involvement: Is It More Than Just Being There?, Heidi Harris, Nathan Jorgensen, Jessica Francis, Stacia Svedi Apr 2010

Antecedents Of Paternal Involvement: Is It More Than Just Being There?, Heidi Harris, Nathan Jorgensen, Jessica Francis, Stacia Svedi

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Our primary research question focuses on what predicts higher levels of father involvement. Previous research has only touched on the variables that influence a father's involvement and very few assess father involvement using a multiple factor definition of involvement and fewer still assess multiple predictors of involvement in one model. Using the Lamb-Pleck model (1987) father involvement was measured (see Marsiglio, Amato, Day, & Lamb, 2000; Hawkins et al., 2002) in three aspects: accessibility, engagement, and responsibility). In the current study, items measuring responsibility did not factor together in a way that allowed for further analysis and this element was …

Go to article

Brigham Young University Student Perception Of Medical Practitioners Based On Gender, Curtis Pearson, Ryan Jury, Charity Kemp, Benjamin De Jesus Apr 2010

Brigham Young University Student Perception Of Medical Practitioners Based On Gender, Curtis Pearson, Ryan Jury, Charity Kemp, Benjamin De Jesus

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Gender bias is a problem within the medical field, even to the extent of affecting patients care. At the U of U Medical School in 2001 BYU graduates were involved in gender bias. The female medical students complained of sexist remarks towards their role as a Doctor. Studies have shown repeatedly that patients prefer a certain type of gender when choosing a physician (Adams 2003). Physician gender attributes also contribute to the type of care that patients perceive they will get (Marshall 2007). Also, the patients perceptions of the physician's ability determine whether they follow the physicians counsel or not(Bonds …

Go to article

African Americans In Politics: What Factors Lead To The Election Of African American Representatives, Keith D. Gonzales, Sven Wilson Apr 2010

African Americans In Politics: What Factors Lead To The Election Of African American Representatives, Keith D. Gonzales, Sven Wilson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

African Americans have triumphed over a difficult history in the United States. They have had to overcome prejudices in education, the workforce, and politics. Today, we have an African American president and many African Americans hold office on every level of government. It seems to be a good time to evaluate the political environment for African Americans. Data from Congressional districts has been gathered and evaluated. The data has shown three significant factors affecting the chances of African Americans to be elected as a representative from any district. The results hint that there may still be work to be done …

Go to article

Don't Deny It: Cultural Patterns In Coping With Stress, Bryan J. Jensen, Julianne Lunstad-Holt, Patrick Steffen, Bruce Brown Apr 2010

Don't Deny It: Cultural Patterns In Coping With Stress, Bryan J. Jensen, Julianne Lunstad-Holt, Patrick Steffen, Bruce Brown

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Stress is a part of everyday life. One important way that stress influences our health is by increasing blood pressure. Research has consistently reported that foreign‐born Mexicans have lower blood pressure than Caucasians 1. This surprises many, since foreign‐born Mexicans are typically more socioeconomically under advantaged 2. Numerous psychosocial factors such as social support and perceived control have been shown to moderate this socioeconomic status (SES)‐health gradient3, but surprisingly li1le work has been done examining how perceived stress and coping strategies influence this relationship. The current study seeks to examine how the psychological factors of perceived stress and coping influence …

Go to article

Gender Differences: The Impact Of Hours Worked On Marital Satisfaction, Patrick Frost, Arturo Morales, Jackie Freeman, Anna Nelson Apr 2010

Gender Differences: The Impact Of Hours Worked On Marital Satisfaction, Patrick Frost, Arturo Morales, Jackie Freeman, Anna Nelson

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

As work hours increase, marital satisfaction decreases. For married females, we hypothesize that when work hours increase over 40 hours per week, marital satisfaction decreases. We further hypothesize that as work hours increase over 60 hours per week for married males, marital satisfaction decreases.

Go to article

Marcia’S Identity Statuses In Comparison With Time Management Habits, Anu O'Neill, David Rackham, Mary Finley, Scott C. Steffensen Apr 2010

Marcia’S Identity Statuses In Comparison With Time Management Habits, Anu O'Neill, David Rackham, Mary Finley, Scott C. Steffensen

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

This study found that time management correlates with Marcia's Identity Status theory. Marcia's Identity Status reflects on the four different levels of identity: achievement, foreclosure, moratorium, diffusion. Identity can consist of things such as reasons for going to school, what career they want and knowing what accomplishments they are working towards. Identity and time usage are related because as a person know what is important to them they know how they want to use their time. We are hoping to see the strength of identity in how time is allocated.

Go to article

Measuring Father Involvement With Adolescents In Botswana, Kerianne Dyer, Jini Roby Apr 2010

Measuring Father Involvement With Adolescents In Botswana, Kerianne Dyer, Jini Roby

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Emerging research suggests that father involvement is a multifaceted concept, often driven by cultural mandates. In this study, survey data were collected from 704 adolescents aged 14-16 in Botswana. Fathers who provided both co-residence and financial support were perceived at the highest level of involvement. When considered separately, financial support rather than co-residence was associated with higher levels of perceived father involvement. Maternal gate keeping was also found to be a significant influence on perceived levels of father involvement. Implications for policy, practice and research are discussed.

Go to article

Volunteer Experience At The Museum Of Peoples And Cultures, Sadie J. Lee, Paul Stavast Apr 2010

Volunteer Experience At The Museum Of Peoples And Cultures, Sadie J. Lee, Paul Stavast

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

As BYU’s “teaching” museum, the MPC provides a setting where BYU students can gain real museum experience. Under the mentorship of professional staff, museum class students and student employees are responsible for researching, developing, and installing exhibitions; processing and cataloging incoming and current collections; and organizing and cataloging excavation notes and other collection records. Beyond classes and employment, the MPC also provides an oft-overlooked educational experience for student volunteers. Under the supervision of student employees, volunteers provide assistance in creating and distributing educational materials, cataloging collections, organizing records, and other tasks necessary for the daily maintenance of museum operations. I …

Go to article

Positive To Negative Affect, Forgiveness, And Relationship Quality In Married Couples, Rebekah M. Gardner, James Harper Apr 2010

Positive To Negative Affect, Forgiveness, And Relationship Quality In Married Couples, Rebekah M. Gardner, James Harper

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Gottman (1999) proposes that a 5:1 ratio of positive to negative behaviors is related to relationship quality. Current study examines forgiveness as a mediating variable. Halchuck et al. (2010) found that couples who recovered from attachment insecurities reported significantly higher levels of forgiveness.

Go to article

Predictors Of Caregiver Burden Of Parents Of Children With Disabilities, Richard Alboroto, Susanne O. Roper Apr 2010

Predictors Of Caregiver Burden Of Parents Of Children With Disabilities, Richard Alboroto, Susanne O. Roper

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Parents of children with disabilities experience elevated stress, which may contribute to their caregiver burden. Factors related to caregiver burden may be child or parent related. In this study, we investigated how income, economic hardship, age of the child with a disability, number of children in the family, and family cohesion were associated with mothers’ and fathers’ caregiver burden. Participants consisted of parents of 192 children; 155 of the children had some form of disability. The results show that family cohesion was negatively related to mothers’ and fathers’ burden. Economic hardship was also strongly associated with burden. Results suggest that …

Go to article

A Comparative Study Of The Murray/Taylorsville And Salt Lake City Greenway Systems, Nicholas G. Baker, Evan Pressley, David Munson, Mark Christensen Apr 2010

A Comparative Study Of The Murray/Taylorsville And Salt Lake City Greenway Systems, Nicholas G. Baker, Evan Pressley, David Munson, Mark Christensen

FHSS Mentored Research Conference

Greenways are an important part of an urban system. They are linear strips of vegetated area that extend through or around cities. Greenways have various environ-mental, social, and economic benefits that contribute to healthy communities. Characteristics of greenway systems can be quantified and measured, allowing comparison between study areas. Our study uses landscape metrics to compare the total area, total edge, number of patches, and connectivity of the Salt Lake City and Murray, Utah greenway systems.

Go to article

First Prev Next Last