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2009

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Articles 9991 - 10020 of 11929

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

The Practice Of Ideology : A Theory Of Ideology And Conceptual Analysis Of Irish Republicanism, Robert Marcello Mauro Jan 2009

The Practice Of Ideology : A Theory Of Ideology And Conceptual Analysis Of Irish Republicanism, Robert Marcello Mauro

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The thesis of this dissertation is that ideology is an ontologically autonomous social object that social science can reconstruct accurately only if it treats ideology as ontologically autonomous. To demonstrate this thesis, the text has three mutually supporting aims. First, it seeks to further our understanding of ideology as a form of political thought, and to develop an appropriate theory of ideology. Second, it critiques the academic literature on Irish Republicanism and, when necessary, the academic literature on Northern Irish political thought. Third, it is a conceptual morphology of Irish Republicanism. Through an examination of Irish Republicanism, the dissertation shows …

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Impulsivity, Offending, And The Neighborhood : Investigating The Person-Context Nexus, Gregory M. Zimmerman Jan 2009

Impulsivity, Offending, And The Neighborhood : Investigating The Person-Context Nexus, Gregory M. Zimmerman

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

A key assumption of the traditional trait-based approach to the study of crime is that personality traits cause people to act similarly across a wide array of contexts. This approach has been challenged for its failure to acknowledge differences in the social environments to which individuals are exposed. Similarly, community-level explanations of crime have been criticized for failing to acknowledge that there are important individual differences between criminals and non-criminals. Ultimately, a full understanding of crime requires the consideration of both individual and environmental differences, perhaps most importantly because they may interact to produce offending behavior. In particular, the influence …

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Qualitative Mapping For Understanding The Collective Judgment Building Process : A Study Of The Federal Open Market Committee, Hyunjung Kim Jan 2009

Qualitative Mapping For Understanding The Collective Judgment Building Process : A Study Of The Federal Open Market Committee, Hyunjung Kim

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study develops a mapping method for studying a collective judgment building process in a decision-making group. Environmental uncertainties and a lack of information require a decision maker to make judgments about various issues relevant to the decision task. In a group setting, the members together weave their structural model of the system with available information to build a collective judgment for the decision task.

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The Psychotherapeutic Use Of Imaginal Dialogue, Jenny Dillman Marks Jan 2009

The Psychotherapeutic Use Of Imaginal Dialogue, Jenny Dillman Marks

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

An investigation of the scholarly literature uncovered deep schisms in the philosophy and theory of imagination stemming from long-standing debates. These debates have often been political in nature, and some originate far back in history. Such differences in philosophy are reflected in the varying ways in which client imagination is used in psychotherapy today. Interventions involving imaginal dialogue are generally among those approaches that have not been adequately studied.

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Self-Esteem, Self-Compassion, Defensive Self-Esteem, And Related Features Of Narcissism As Predictors Of Aggression, Cara Pharr Gottheim Jan 2009

Self-Esteem, Self-Compassion, Defensive Self-Esteem, And Related Features Of Narcissism As Predictors Of Aggression, Cara Pharr Gottheim

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

This study sought to expand upon existing literature pertaining to feelings toward oneself and aggressive behavior. Specifically, global self-esteem, as well as two specific subsets of self-esteem, defensive self-esteem and narcissistic self-esteem, were examined as predictors of aggressive behavior. Additionally, the relationship between aggression and self-compassion, a recently introduced self-construct moderately correlated with self-esteem, was investigated. College students from a large Northeastern University were invited via email or through a brief classroom presentation to participate in this online study. A total of 181 students completed five surveys that were useable for data analyses: Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (SES; Rosenberg, 1989), Self-compassion …

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The Effects Of Parental Influences On College Student Normative Perceptions Of Peer Alcohol Use, Emily Susanne Mowry Dobran Jan 2009

The Effects Of Parental Influences On College Student Normative Perceptions Of Peer Alcohol Use, Emily Susanne Mowry Dobran

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

There has been speculation as to how college students develop normative descriptive and injunctive perceptions of college student alcohol use. One possible explanation is that parents may be "carriers" of the skewed social norm, passing on their misperceptions of alcohol use to their children (Perkins, 2002).

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Varieties Of Marketization In China : The Impact Of Private Entrepreneurs, Local Governments, And State-Owned Enterprises, Ji-Yong Lee Jan 2009

Varieties Of Marketization In China : The Impact Of Private Entrepreneurs, Local Governments, And State-Owned Enterprises, Ji-Yong Lee

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

The dissertation examines roles and effects of local government and private entrepreneurial class focusing on three localities in China in the course of marketization, based on the assumption that, at the local level in post-Maoist China, transitional paths toward a market-based economy from the planned economy are significantly affected by leading actors such as local governments, private entrepreneurs, or state-owned enterprises; economic development and formation of vibrant local market economy tend to be strongest when led by private entrepreneurs and weakest when led by state-owned enterprises. It especially focuses on formation of private entrepreneurial class and its roles in constructing …

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Pathways To Obesity In Women : The Role Of Coping And Emotional Eating, Veronica Nicole Stotts Jan 2009

Pathways To Obesity In Women : The Role Of Coping And Emotional Eating, Veronica Nicole Stotts

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Obesity is a major health crisis in the United States, with approximately two-thirds of the population qualifying as overweight and, of those, almost one half qualifying as obese (CDC, 2007). While there are a myriad of causes of obesity, a great deal of evidence shows that many individuals, and particularly women, eat as a coping response to stress (e.g., Greeno & Wing, 1994). Therefore, one's ability to cope, or the process by which individuals deal with situations that involve stress or threat, may be a factor that contributes to increased body mass index, or BMI, a common measure of obesity. …

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A Descriptive Analysis Of The Problems And Interventions Observed In Care Planning For Nursing Home Residents With Dementia, Dennis Gordon Chapman Jan 2009

A Descriptive Analysis Of The Problems And Interventions Observed In Care Planning For Nursing Home Residents With Dementia, Dennis Gordon Chapman

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Abstract

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Investigating The Grief Process Related To Job Loss, Mary P. Donahue Jan 2009

Investigating The Grief Process Related To Job Loss, Mary P. Donahue

Legacy Theses & Dissertations (2009 - 2024)

Adults in the workforce face various psychosocial challenges over the course of their career. One of the most stressful life experiences is the involuntary loss of employment (Holmes & Rahe, 1967). This study explored psychological reactions to involuntary job loss and the overlap between reactions to job loss and bereavement loss. It was hypothesized that the pattern of symptoms reported by a job loss group would not differ significantly from a bereavement group. In addition, a second research question explored three specific contextual variables (social support, work salience, and time since loss) and their correlation with psychological outcomes of the …

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Front Cover Jan 2009

Front Cover

The Bridge

No abstract provided.

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Back Matter Jan 2009

Back Matter

The Bridge

No abstract provided.

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Surrogate Freedom: Transmitting Democracy To The Soviet Union And Eastern Bloc, Lauren Nelson, '09 Jan 2009

Surrogate Freedom: Transmitting Democracy To The Soviet Union And Eastern Bloc, Lauren Nelson, '09

Honors Projects

While currently relocating to a building away from the center of Prague, since 1995, Radio Free Europe/Radio Liberty (RFE/RL) has been headquartered in the former Czechoslovakian parliament building. The former President of Czechoslovakia, Vaclav Havel, invited the radios to move from Munich to Prague and occupy the parliament building for a symbolic dollar a year rent. This gesture of historical irony is especially appropriate in considering the history of international radio broadcasting: a building representative of Communism was converted into the headquarters for radio stations extolling the benefits of democratic media. This symbolic move signifies one of the paradoxes of …

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How The Individual Differences Of Subordinates Within The Workplace Predict Leadership Style Preference And Organizational Commitment, Elizabeth A. Rupprecht, '09 Jan 2009

How The Individual Differences Of Subordinates Within The Workplace Predict Leadership Style Preference And Organizational Commitment, Elizabeth A. Rupprecht, '09

Honors Projects

The connection between leader and subordinate is a crucial one for businesses. One reason this connection is crucial is that many subordinates see the business through the eyes of their managers or super-ordinates. Leaders with certain abilities and attributes can help employees feel more comfortable with their work environment. Different subordinates in specific work environment situations may desire different attributes in a leader. Conversely, individuals with specific personality attributes and a similar work environment may, therefore, desire the same type of leader. The following study will attempt to describe the relations between subordinates' personality characteristics, gender, job stereo typicality and …

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Is Competitive Behavior Controlled By Its Consequences? The Effects Of Omission Training On Competitive Behavior In Rats, Melinda Mallory, '09 Jan 2009

Is Competitive Behavior Controlled By Its Consequences? The Effects Of Omission Training On Competitive Behavior In Rats, Melinda Mallory, '09

Honors Projects

Recent research has examined competitive behavior in rats. When multiple rats are placed in an open field with a single feeder delivering pellets on a Variable Interval Schedule, the rats typically engage in a competitive wrestling response near the feeder tube. This response has been observed in several different experiments, but little is known about its specific nature. One possibility is that the response is a traditional operant. Although there is no explicit contingency with reinforcement, rats that do not engage in the response are unlikely to consume pellets. Alternatively, the competitive response might represent a species-specific foraging mode, controlled …

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The Effects Of Medial Septal Modification On The Theta Rhythm Of The Amygdala, Colleen E. Mcshane, '09 Jan 2009

The Effects Of Medial Septal Modification On The Theta Rhythm Of The Amygdala, Colleen E. Mcshane, '09

Honors Projects

The theta rhythm is a 3- 1 2 Hz electroencephalographic (EEG) oscillatory phenomenon that has been recorded from the hippocampus of small animals during large motor movements, periods of arousal, and memory tasks. Theta denotes the amount of brain synchrony occurring, with higher theta amplitude corresponding to more synchrony among individual neurons. The proposed pacemaker of the hippocampal theta rhythm is the medial septal area (MSA), which consists of neurons that fire rhythmically in frequencies corresponding to the theta rhythm. Despite the proven physical connection between the MSA and the amygdala, there is uncertainty as to whether the MSA serves …

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Does Perfecting Your Day Keep The Doctor Away?: Examining The Roles Of Affect And Coping In The Association Between Perfectionism And Physical Health, Carly A. Visk, '09 Jan 2009

Does Perfecting Your Day Keep The Doctor Away?: Examining The Roles Of Affect And Coping In The Association Between Perfectionism And Physical Health, Carly A. Visk, '09

Honors Projects

This study proposed a structural model in which the association between perfectionism and physical health is mediated by positive and negative affect and coping strategies. A sample of 119 Illinois Wesleyan undergraduate students completed questionnaires that assessed perfectionism, affect, coping strategies, physical health, and preventative and risky health behaviors. Results offer partial support for the proposed model and include the following: maladaptive perfectionism is related to the experience of more physical health symptoms, and this relation is mediated by negative affect and maladaptive coping. Adaptive perfectionism is related to the performance of more preventative health behaviors, mediated by positive affect; …

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Why Can't We Be Friends?: The Effects Of Disclosure And Severity On Typical Students' Attitudes Toward Peers With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Jacqueline M. Dowjotas, '09 Jan 2009

Why Can't We Be Friends?: The Effects Of Disclosure And Severity On Typical Students' Attitudes Toward Peers With Autism Spectrum Disorders, Jacqueline M. Dowjotas, '09

Honors Projects

The autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by deficits in social interaction, communication, and restrictive and repetitive behaviors and interests. Although many children with autism desire social interaction, they tend to have a difficult time mastering conversation skills and socially appropriate behavior. In addition, they have fewer and lower quality friendships when compared to typical peers, and they often face negative stigma from their typical peers. The current study was used to investigate typical students' attitudes toward hypothetical peers with varying degrees of ASDs. Participants (N = 61) read and responded to vignettes that depicted adolescents, in which severity of …

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The Effects Of Coaching Feedback On Perfectionism And Disordered Eating In College Athletes, Natalie E. Chase, '09 Jan 2009

The Effects Of Coaching Feedback On Perfectionism And Disordered Eating In College Athletes, Natalie E. Chase, '09

Honors Projects

Feedback given to athletes by their coaches is a topic that has not been extensively researched in terms of its effect on perfectionist tendencies and disordered eating in athletes. It is important to reduce factors that are associated with disordered eating before the overt disordered eating behaviors can develop into a more severe clinical-level eating disorder. In investigating these links, parallels were drawn between research that has shown negative effects from harsh parental feedback to hypothesize about the effects of coaching feedback. The hypotheses examined include: I. Feedback from coaches that is interpreted by athletes as harsh, ego-involved, or highly …

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A Campaign For Male Beauty: The Influence Of Advertisement On Dimensions Of Male Body, Michelle Meehan, '09 Jan 2009

A Campaign For Male Beauty: The Influence Of Advertisement On Dimensions Of Male Body, Michelle Meehan, '09

Honors Projects

Distorted body image perception is a growing problem in today' s society, with advertisements that display a "thin-ideal" having a significant effect on the issue. Recent advertising campaigns have been designed to improve self perceptions of body image and are now the fo cus of research. Dremonas (2008) concluded from her research of the Dove Campaign for Real Beauty, that such a campaign actually decreased self perceptions of body esteem in females. Adding to the research of Dremonas (2008), the present study utilized 50 male, undergraduate students to examine the effects of the Dove Campaign for Real Beauty on men. …

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Access And Innovation: A Study Of Two Ngo Schools In North India, Christy Ivie, '09 Jan 2009

Access And Innovation: A Study Of Two Ngo Schools In North India, Christy Ivie, '09

Honors Projects

Using data collected from two NGO schools in North India, this study presents two case studies that will shed some light on how NGOs in India are increasing access and innovation in the primary education system. By comparing and contrasting the two organizations, this study will also highlight the diversity of NGOs involved in primary education in India. Instead of making broad generalizations about the role and contributions of NGOs in primary education in India, this study aims to provide perspectives on two different organizations and raise questions about NGO schooling in India.

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Surveillance And Foucault: Examining The Validity Of Foucault's Notions Concerning Surveillance Through A Study Of The United States And The United Kingdom, Sharif Shawki, '09 Jan 2009

Surveillance And Foucault: Examining The Validity Of Foucault's Notions Concerning Surveillance Through A Study Of The United States And The United Kingdom, Sharif Shawki, '09

Honors Projects

Once the new surveillance systems become institutionalized and taken for granted in a democratic society, they can be used for harmful ends. With a more repressive government and a more intolerant public-perhaps upset over severe economic downturns, large waves of immigration, social dislocations, or foreign policy setbacks-these same devices easily could be used against those with the 'wrong' political beliefs, against racial, ethnic, or religious minorities, and against those with life-styles that offend the majority.

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Examining Tufte's Political Business Cycle Under An Adaptive Expectations Framework, Anna Konradi, '09 Jan 2009

Examining Tufte's Political Business Cycle Under An Adaptive Expectations Framework, Anna Konradi, '09

Honors Projects

Given that the executive branch's party desires reelection and that the economy is an important variable in the eyes of the electorate, to what extent has the president and his party been able to exert influence over economic variables in the months preceding an election? Much of the existing literature suggests that there may be an important cyclical pattern between the four-year election cycle and economic variables such as real GDP growth and real disposable income. Using data from the Council of Economic Advisors and the Presidential Elections dataset, this paper finds moderate evidence for the existence of a political …

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Determining The Future Income Of College Students, Paul Oehrlein, '09 Jan 2009

Determining The Future Income Of College Students, Paul Oehrlein, '09

Honors Projects

Many people invest a lot of money in order to go to college with the hope that they will eventually be rewarded with higher salaries. This paper attempts to determine what aspects of college are most important in determining the future income of students. In particular, this paper studies whether GPA is an important determinant of income as well as whether some majors are better investments than others after controlling for other factors. In addition, the effect of math and verbal ability on income and how they interact with different fields of study are studied. The data comes from the …

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Explaining Human Influences On Carbon Dioxide Emissions Across Countries, Karin Peterson, '09 Jan 2009

Explaining Human Influences On Carbon Dioxide Emissions Across Countries, Karin Peterson, '09

Honors Projects

Global climate change is a vital issue facing the planet today, posing significant risks to both humans and the natural environment. This dangerous phenomenon is largely caused by the release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, resulting from such activities as energy production and vehicle travel This paper examines the factors leading to differences in carbon dioxide emissions among countries, including income, energy use, and government institutions. A crosssectional regression indicates that an inverted-U relationship exists between per capita income and carbon dioxide emissions, but that the turning point at which pollution begins to decrease occurs at a very high …

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Predicting Major League Talent Through The First-Year Player Draft, Kevin Slattery, '09 Jan 2009

Predicting Major League Talent Through The First-Year Player Draft, Kevin Slattery, '09

Honors Projects

The Major League Baseball first-year player draft is a relatively unexplored topic. Until two years ago it was not even televised, even though other major spoils drafts like basketball and football are major television events. I predict the probability of reaching the major leagues and the probability of a player "making it big" in the major leagues for a player drafted based on a series of variables, like draft position, whether a player is lefthanded, and the schooling the amateur has received. This should help a team determine which players are most risky, and which players are most likely to …

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Adopted Children"S Outcome As Young Adults In Regards To Educational Attainment And Income, Nicole K. Spear, '09 Jan 2009

Adopted Children"S Outcome As Young Adults In Regards To Educational Attainment And Income, Nicole K. Spear, '09

Honors Projects

This study explains the differences between the outcomes for children adopted by the age of two in comparison to biologically raised children using the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth. It analyzes the educational attainment and income earned through a competing effects framework. The Family Background Effect measures the positive effects caused by higher than average socioeconomic status of the average family with adopted children. The Family Background Effect contrasted with the negative Adoption Effect caused by a number of different factors that could work against an adopted child. Using linear regression analysis, the study finds that the Family Background Effect …

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Length Of Contracts And The Effect On The Performance Of Mlb Players, Katie Stankiewicz, '09 Jan 2009

Length Of Contracts And The Effect On The Performance Of Mlb Players, Katie Stankiewicz, '09

Honors Projects

The goal of any professional athlete is to receive a multi-year contract that guarantees them a salary for multiple years. However, a concern that fans, coaches and owners all share is that when a player receives a multi-year contract they may have a strong incentive to shirk. Shirking is when a player purposely does not perform to the best of his ability and may occur when a player has a guaranteed salary. The goal of this paper is to determine if a Major League Baseball player with a multi-year contract will show any pattern of shirking throughout the contract. Each …

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Can Resource Mobilization Predict The Level Of Success Among Social Movement Organizations?, Kathryn Brannan, '09 Jan 2009

Can Resource Mobilization Predict The Level Of Success Among Social Movement Organizations?, Kathryn Brannan, '09

Honors Projects

This paper is a series of case studies of social movement organizations within the AIDS Awareness Movement of the 1980s. By examining ACT UP, the Names Project, and Gay Men's Health Crisis, we see that resource mobilization theory can help explain varying levels of success among SMOs that worked in the same context and within the same subculture. Internal organization, networking, innovation and the use of violence are all strategies which are found to be insignificant in explaining the success of each SMO. This paper shows the predictive ability of resource mobilization theory. It closes with suggestions for future work, …

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Presidential Success In Congress: Factors That Determine The President's Ability To Influcence Congressional Voting, Christine Gibbs, '09 Jan 2009

Presidential Success In Congress: Factors That Determine The President's Ability To Influcence Congressional Voting, Christine Gibbs, '09

Honors Projects

This study examines the factors that contribute to presidential success in Congress. Results show that, overall, presidential popularity, the president's party's margin of control in Congress and the misery index positively and significantly affect presidential success in Congress, whereas party unity, presidential effort and saliency are, overall, not significant determinants of success. The study also demonstrates that the honeymoon period does not increase a president's success rate. The results indicate that these variables interact differently within foreign policy than domestic policy and in the Senate than the House.

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