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2000

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Articles 11491 - 11520 of 12378

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Behavioral Contrast: A New Solution To An Old Problem, Sara J. Estle '00 Jan 2000

Behavioral Contrast: A New Solution To An Old Problem, Sara J. Estle '00

Honors Projects

The effects of component presentation and baseline rates of reinforcement on behavioral contrast were examined in rats. Each rat was exposed to a series of six multiple variable-interval schedules, divided into two three-schedule series. Each series consisted of a standard contrast design (baseline phase, contrast phase, and baseline recovery phase). The presentation of multiple schedule components within these three phases varied as a function of condition. In condition one, rats were presented with the traditional strict alternation of multiple schedule components. In condition two, rats were exposed to randomly alternating multiple schedule components. Each subject was exposed to both high …

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Effect Of Structured Work Systems On Task Performance In Children With Autism, Kari Beth Adkins '00 Jan 2000

Effect Of Structured Work Systems On Task Performance In Children With Autism, Kari Beth Adkins '00

Honors Projects

A single-subject, alternating-treatments with no baseline design was used to study the effectiveness of work systems in three children with autism. Work systems build on the strengths of children with autism, taking advantage of their visuo-spatial strengths by building on the principles of visual cueing and organization. Individual work systems were developed for each child, and the effects of these systems on on-task behavior, dependence, productivity and organization were studied. Results indicate moderate significance for the effectiveness of work systems in increasing on-task behavior and decreasing dependence in children with autism. Results also revealed substantial evidence for the effectiveness of …

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Loneliness And Self-Esteem At Different Levels Of The Self, Kiley L. Bednar '00 Jan 2000

Loneliness And Self-Esteem At Different Levels Of The Self, Kiley L. Bednar '00

Honors Projects

Loneliness is proposed to have three dimensions: isolation, connectedness, and belongingness (Hawkley, et aI., 1999). In an extension of the work by Hawkley and colleagues (1999), these levels are hypothesized to be a function of three unique aspects of self: personal, relational, and collective. Brewer (1996) proposed that self-esteem is experienced differently at each level of self. Personal self-esteem is how a person feels about himself or herself based on his or her individual traits and characteristics. Relational self-esteem is based on whether a person believes that he or she exhibits appropriate behavior in a one-on-one relationship. Collective self-esteem is …

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The New Rural-Urban Labor Mobility In China: Causes And Implications, Michael Seeborg, Zhenhu Jin, Yiping Zhu Jan 2000

The New Rural-Urban Labor Mobility In China: Causes And Implications, Michael Seeborg, Zhenhu Jin, Yiping Zhu

Scholarly Publications

As the Chinese economy reforms, a huge new populationof rural-urban migrants is transforming the urban labor force. This article explores some of the most important reasons for the emergence of the floating population in China. We argue that the neoclassical model alone is not adequate to explain the massive rural-urban internal migration underway in China. Instead, ideas drawn from both sociological theories of segmented markets and institutional economics are used to supplement the standard neoclassical explanation. We found that Chinese policy reforms in both rural and urban areas decreased the balkanization of labor markets and opened up employment opportunities for …

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Economic Influences On The Stock Market, Nate Taulbee '00 Jan 2000

Economic Influences On The Stock Market, Nate Taulbee '00

Honors Projects

The following sections of this paper further examine the issues raised. Section II offers a theoretical analysis of how real GDP, unemployment, and the Fisher Effect should impact the S&P 500. Section III provides information on the expected relationship between the economy and the following major industry categories: growth, cyclical, defensive, and interest-sensitive. Section IV introduces the research design including the generalized least squares model. Section V presents the results and examines the appropriate econometric specification. Section VI concludes the study and reiterates important findings.

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Informational Asymmetry And The Demand For Ipos: An Explanation Of Underpricing, Peter Karlis '00 Jan 2000

Informational Asymmetry And The Demand For Ipos: An Explanation Of Underpricing, Peter Karlis '00

Honors Projects

There exists large informational asymmetries in the stock market, particularly in the primary market where initial public offerings are made. This paper examines the large initial gains observed in a previous study and explains them using game theory. The process of bringing an IPO to the market involves the issuing firm, the investment bank and the investors. This paper will discuss the strategic relationships that exist between these entities and why each either accepts a smaller gain or demands a risk premium based on the level of uncertainty they face. Accompanying the economic theories discussing these relationships is evidence from …

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Benefits By Gender: Determinants Of Welfare Accessibility For Migrant Women In Western Europe, Kathryn Vojack '00 Jan 2000

Benefits By Gender: Determinants Of Welfare Accessibility For Migrant Women In Western Europe, Kathryn Vojack '00

Honors Projects

According to statistical data, there are dissimilarities between the ease of welfare accessibility for migrant men and migrant women within European nations. Research proposes the following to be linked with welfare access: percent GDP spent on welfare, size of immigrant population, percent of Roman Catholic Church identification, relative leftism of country, percent of women in the workforce, and public attitudes of immigrant population, welfare system and feminism. Analyses of these variables indicate that welfare accessibility for migrant women is primarily explained by attitudes towards gender roles and the status of women in society rather than the size of the immigrant …

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National Political Influence And The Catholic Church, Jennifer Nash '00 Jan 2000

National Political Influence And The Catholic Church, Jennifer Nash '00

Honors Projects

Previous literature has focused on the political importance ofthe Catholic Church within democratic transitions, while little research has followed the role ofthe Church in post transitional settings. The present research acknowledges a marked variation in the political influence among the national Churches of Poland, Brazil, Hungary and Spain following the institution of democracy. Within the national context, the Church's religious mission, the association ofthe Church with the former regime and the influence of the International Catholic Church emerge as explanatory factors.

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Critical Analysis Of Interventions Against Fgc In Egypt, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab, Sahar Hegazi Jan 2000

Critical Analysis Of Interventions Against Fgc In Egypt, Nahla G. Abdel-Tawab, Sahar Hegazi

Reproductive Health

Community-based programs designed to discourage the practice of female genital cutting (FGC) in Egypt started as early as the 1920s, however, NGOs seldom document the implementation, strengths, and weaknesses of each approach; or difficulties faced in implementation or ways of overcoming those difficulties. The present meta-assessment was designed by the Population Council to address these issues. Recommendations proposed to increase the effectiveness of anti-FGC interventions in Egypt include: conducting formative research to assess the needs of individuals/communities; using more participatory learning techniques in awareness-raising seminars and training workshops; focusing messages not only on the health hazards of FGC, but also …

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Perception Of Parental Acceptance-Rejection And Satisfaction With Life In Women With Binge Eating Disorder, Nina L. Dominy, W. Brad Johnson, Chris Koch Jan 2000

Perception Of Parental Acceptance-Rejection And Satisfaction With Life In Women With Binge Eating Disorder, Nina L. Dominy, W. Brad Johnson, Chris Koch

Faculty Publications - Psychology Department

The authors contribute to the validating literature for binge eating disorder (BED) by examining perceptions of parents and satisfaction with life among obese women with and without BED. Participants were female patients, recruited through a private medical clinic, who were assigned to groups on the basis of body mass index (BMI) and scores on the Questionnaire on Eating and Weight Patterns (QEWP; R. L. Spitzer et al., 1992). Groups consisted of (a) obese women with BED (n = 32). (b) obese women who had no eating disorders (n = 51). and (c) nonobese women with no eating disorders (n = …

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Influences Of Occlusion, Color, Luminance, And Size On The Perception Of Fragmented Pictures, James M. Brown, Christopher Koch Jan 2000

Influences Of Occlusion, Color, Luminance, And Size On The Perception Of Fragmented Pictures, James M. Brown, Christopher Koch

Faculty Publications - Psychology Department

No abstract provided.

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Documenting The Benefits Of Undergraduate Mentoring, Chris Koch, W. Brad Johnson Jan 2000

Documenting The Benefits Of Undergraduate Mentoring, Chris Koch, W. Brad Johnson

Faculty Publications - Psychology Department

No abstract provided.

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Gender And Generation In Household Labor Supply In Jordan, Mary Kawar Jan 2000

Gender And Generation In Household Labor Supply In Jordan, Mary Kawar

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper examines gender and age differences in the labor supply of households in Jordan, and the impact of young women’s employment on gender and generation relations. The objective of the study is to address the issues of gender and generation as factors influencing accessibility to labor markets, and to provide a broader understanding of female employment by exploring age-related factors. Empirically, the study looks at the disproportionate workforce participation of young urban single women in Amman, Jordan, and argues that this generation of working women is evidence of a new stage in the lives of Jordanian women: single employed …

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The School Environment In Egypt: A Situation Analysis Of Public Preparatory Schools, Sahar El Tawila, Cynthia B. Lloyd, Barbara Mensch, Hind Wassef, Zeinab Gamal, Wesley H. Clark, Rania Sakr Jan 2000

The School Environment In Egypt: A Situation Analysis Of Public Preparatory Schools, Sahar El Tawila, Cynthia B. Lloyd, Barbara Mensch, Hind Wassef, Zeinab Gamal, Wesley H. Clark, Rania Sakr

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Very little research exists in Egypt on contemporary education outcomes and their relationship to an array of education inputs. Also, few datasets are available on the acquisition and retention of basic skills from education. This research aims at filling that gap in our knowledge by drawing a profile of the situation of public preparatory schools, investigating the distinct dimensions of the environment in these schools, and examining the links among these dimensions and specific education outcomes. As noted in this report, this study focuses on the preparatory stage of the general education system. Students in this stage comprise one-quarter of …

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Women Street Vendors: The Road To Recognition, Monique Cohen Jan 2000

Women Street Vendors: The Road To Recognition, Monique Cohen

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This issue of SEEDS explores the experience of women working and organizing as urban street vendors at a time when both the volume of demand and the number of vendors are expected to grow. As municipalities seek to change laws that affect how street vendors ply their trade, it is clear that vendors must have a seat at the table. Local-level organizational efforts need to be consolidated at the national level to cement vendors’ hard-earned gains as rights in national laws and policy. A 1995 meeting in Bellagio conceived an international alliance of street vendors—StreetNet—which aims to promote the exchange …

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The Effects Of Schooling Incentive Programs On Household Resource Allocation In Bangladesh, Mary Arends-Kuenning, Sajeda Amin Jan 2000

The Effects Of Schooling Incentive Programs On Household Resource Allocation In Bangladesh, Mary Arends-Kuenning, Sajeda Amin

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper examines the impact of programs that provide incentives for school attendance in rural Bangladesh-a food-for-education program for poor primary-school children and a secondary-school scholarship scheme for girls. Detailed time-use data were available from a 1991-92 village study conducted prior to the programs’ implementation as well as for two points in time in 1995 and 1996 when the programs were in place. The time children spent in school increased dramatically, especially for adolescent girls. Families were able to take advantage of the school programs because of the short school days required and because of the compatibility of household work …

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The Potential Role Of Contraception In Reducing Abortion, John Bongaarts, Charles F. Westoff Jan 2000

The Potential Role Of Contraception In Reducing Abortion, John Bongaarts, Charles F. Westoff

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Since the 1960s the proportion of couples practicing contraception has risen rapidly, particularly in the developing world, and the mix of methods is now dominated by modern methods. Despite these trends, the incidence of unintended pregnancy remains high mainly because the number of children desired has declined. Worldwide there are almost as many unintended as intended pregnancies each year (not counting miscarriages, which are excluded in this analysis) and more than half of these unintended pregnancies end in abortion. This study examines the potential role of further increases in contraceptive prevalence and effectiveness in reducing abortion rates. The model used …

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Unmet Need For Family Planning In Developing Countries And Implications For Population Policy, John B. Casterline, Steven W. Sinding Jan 2000

Unmet Need For Family Planning In Developing Countries And Implications For Population Policy, John B. Casterline, Steven W. Sinding

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Unmet need for family planning has been a core concept in international population discourse for several decades. In this paper we reevaluate its utility. We review the history of unmet need and the development of increasingly refined methods of its empirical measurement. We then turn to the main questions that have been raised about unmet need during the past decade, some of which concern the validity of the concept and others its role in the post-ICPD environment. The discussion draws heavily on empirical research conducted during the 1990s, much of it localized, in-depth studies combining quantitative and qualitative methodologies, that …

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Socialization To Gender Roles And Marriage Among Egyptian Adolescents, Barbara Mensch, Barbara L. Ibrahim, Susan M. Lee, Omaima El-Gibaly Jan 2000

Socialization To Gender Roles And Marriage Among Egyptian Adolescents, Barbara Mensch, Barbara L. Ibrahim, Susan M. Lee, Omaima El-Gibaly

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

Using nationally representative survey data, this paper explores gender role socialization and attitudes toward marriage among unmarried Egyptian adolescents aged 16-19 years. We examine the daily activities of adolescent boys and girls, views about age at marriage and desirable qualities in a spouse, and various indicators of gender role attitudes including opinions about whether wives should defer to husbands, about sharing household decisionmaking, and about responsibility for domestic tasks. Our findings reflect strong gender differentiation: girls have much less free time than boys, are much less mobile, are much less likely to participate in paid work, and have heavier domestic …

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Future Trends In Contraception In The Developing World: Prevalence And Method Mix, John Bongaarts, Elof D.B. Johansson Jan 2000

Future Trends In Contraception In The Developing World: Prevalence And Method Mix, John Bongaarts, Elof D.B. Johansson

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

The main objectives of this study are to review existing methodologies for projecting future trends in contraception, evaluate the validity of the assumptions underlying these projections, propose methodological improvements, and assess the prospects for new methods of contraception in the coming decade. The prevalence of contraception in the developing world has increased dramatically over the past several decades from near zero to around 60 percent in 2000. Demand for contraception can be expected to continue to rise rapidly for the next few decades as population size continues to grow and fertility declines further to near the replacement level. As a …

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Some Preconditions For Fertility Decline In Bengal: History, Language Identity, And An Openness To Innovations, Alaka Malwade Basu, Sajeda Amin Jan 2000

Some Preconditions For Fertility Decline In Bengal: History, Language Identity, And An Openness To Innovations, Alaka Malwade Basu, Sajeda Amin

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This paper argues that looking solely for the immediate causes of reproductive change may fail to take into account not only the impact of policies and programs but the societal decision to adopt these policies and programs to begin with. The paper examines the historical origins and spread of ‘modern’ ideas in Bangladesh and the state of West Bengal in India. It concludes that a colonial history in which education and modernization processes took hold very early among the elite in the larger Bengal region was paradoxically accompanied by a strong allegiance to the Bengali language. This strong sense of …

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Adolescent Girls' Livelihoods. Essential Questions, Essential Tools: A Report On A Workshop [Arabic], Carey Meyers Jan 2000

Adolescent Girls' Livelihoods. Essential Questions, Essential Tools: A Report On A Workshop [Arabic], Carey Meyers

Poverty, Gender, and Youth

This report, co-published by the Population Council and the International Center for Research on Women, describes a workshop convened in Cairo in 1999 to learn more about the nature of both younger and older adolescents' work experience, differentiate the particular needs and potentials of adolescent girls, and identify programs and policies that might have promise for supporting them.

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The Role Of Classification In Knowledge Representation And Discovery, Barbara H. Kwasnik Jan 2000

The Role Of Classification In Knowledge Representation And Discovery, Barbara H. Kwasnik

School of Information Studies - Faculty Scholarship

The link between classification and knowledge is explored. Classification schemes have properties that enable the representation of entities and relationships in structures that reflect knowledge of the domain being classified. The strengths and limitations of four classificatory approaches are described in terms of their ability to reflect, discover, and create new knowledge. These approaches are hierarchies, trees, paradigms, and faceted analysis. Examples are provided of the way in which knowledge and the classification process affect each other.

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Loren Eiseley And Sociology At The University Of Nebraska, 1926-1936: The Sociological Training Of A Noted Anthropologist, Michael R. Hill Jan 2000

Loren Eiseley And Sociology At The University Of Nebraska, 1926-1936: The Sociological Training Of A Noted Anthropologist, Michael R. Hill

Department of Sociology: Faculty Publications

LOREN COREY EISELEY [1907-1977] rose from modest beginnings to become one of the nation’s foremost essayists, naturalists, and anthropologists (Carlisle 1983; Christianson 1990; Carrithers 1991; Gerber 1983; Heidtmann 1991; Pitts 1995), and his work was built on a solid interdisciplinary foundation that included intensive undergraduate and graduate study in sociology at the University of Nebraska.1 Eiseley, the writer, is best known today for The Immense Journey (1957), The Firmament of Time (1960), and The Unexpected Universe (1969), his most popular books. As a mature scholar tenured at the University of Pennsylvania, Eiseley served as Provost; Professor and Chair of the …

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Proximity Of White-Tailed Deer, Odocoileus Virginianus, Ranges To Wolf, Canis Lupus, Pack Homesites, Michael E. Nelson, L. David Mech Jan 2000

Proximity Of White-Tailed Deer, Odocoileus Virginianus, Ranges To Wolf, Canis Lupus, Pack Homesites, Michael E. Nelson, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

Seven adult female White-tailed Deer (Odocoileus virginianus) in northeastern Minnesota lived within 1.8 km of Wolf pack (Canis lupus) homesites without vacating their home ranges. Six of these deer and at least three of their fawns survived through the Wolf homesite period.

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Details Of Extensive Movements By Minnesota Wolves (Canis Lupus), Samuel Merrill, L. David Mech Jan 2000

Details Of Extensive Movements By Minnesota Wolves (Canis Lupus), Samuel Merrill, L. David Mech

United States Geological Survey, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center: Publications

We used VHF, GPS and satellite radiocollars to study details of long distance movements by four Minnesota wolves (Canis lupus). Number of locations during our tracking ranged from 14 to 274. Farthest distances reached ranged from 183–494 km, and minimum distances traveled (sums of line segments) ranged from 490–4251 km. Numbers of times wolves crossed state, provincial or interstate highways ranged from 1 to 215. All four of the wolves returned to or near their natal territories after up to 179 d and at least two left again.

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Wright State University Women's Soccer Media Guide 2000, Wright State University Athletics Jan 2000

Wright State University Women's Soccer Media Guide 2000, Wright State University Athletics

Athletics Publications

A media guide for Wright State University's 2000 Women's Soccer team. This guide includes photographs, player stats, game results, and records.

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On The Edge Of The Envelope. A Case Study Of The Children's Initiative: An Inquiry Into Collaboration And Shared Vision, Laurie Coskey Edd Jan 2000

On The Edge Of The Envelope. A Case Study Of The Children's Initiative: An Inquiry Into Collaboration And Shared Vision, Laurie Coskey Edd

Dissertations

While there are many collaborative efforts throughout the country, few have the breadth or the scope of the San Diego Children's Initiative. The general purpose of this research study was to analyze and develop an interpretive case study describing the initial collaborative process of the Strategic Action Committee of the San Diego Children's Initiative. The study focused on the initial phase of the collaboration which took place from November of 1993 through April of 1995. This study sought to determine some factors that may influence the potential success of a large-scale, multi-sector, private-public collaborative effort. The research analyzed the success …

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Career And Family: A Qualitative Study Of Working Mothers, Barbara Crummer Lincoln Edd Jan 2000

Career And Family: A Qualitative Study Of Working Mothers, Barbara Crummer Lincoln Edd

Dissertations

The purpose of this dissertation was to explore the lives of working mothers. The dramatic increase of mothers in the workforce in the past 40 years has led to an increasingly common lifestyle: women filling the roles of mother and professional concurrently. This dissertation used the personal narrative qualitative methodology to examine the lives of working mothers. Ten female graduates of the University of San Diego's Law School (JD), Business School (MBA) and Educational Administration Programs were interviewed by the researcher. These women have been in the workplace for an extended period of time, are currently raising at least one …

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A Comparative Study Of Leadership Characteristics Of Principals In Charter Schools And Traditional Schools, Roger M. Mestinsek Edd Jan 2000

A Comparative Study Of Leadership Characteristics Of Principals In Charter Schools And Traditional Schools, Roger M. Mestinsek Edd

Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the similarities and differences in preferred leadership qualities among a random sample of principals of traditional elementary schools in California, traditional elementary schools in Alberta, Canada, and selected charter schools in the United States. The intent of the research was to identify the preferred leadership practices of each study group to determine and report significant differences and similarities. Seventy-five principals were randomly selected, 25 from each of the three study groups, to complete the survey. Forty-two principals (56%) returned surveys. Of the surveys returned, 40 were usable for the study. The theoretical …

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