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Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Value Of Situation Awareness Information Requirements Analysis And Information Flow Analysis, Norman E. Groner Mar 2014

Value Of Situation Awareness Information Requirements Analysis And Information Flow Analysis, Norman E. Groner

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.


Denormalizing Violence: Evaluation Framework For A Public Health Model Of Violence Prevention, Jeffrey A. Butts, Lindsay Bostwick, Jeremy Porter Mar 2014

Denormalizing Violence: Evaluation Framework For A Public Health Model Of Violence Prevention, Jeffrey A. Butts, Lindsay Bostwick, Jeremy Porter

Publications and Research

John Jay College's Research and Evaluation Center evaluated the effectiveness of the Cure Violence approach to violence reduction. Between April 2013 and February 2014, researchers began the project by visiting Cure Violence sites in New York City and Chicago, the home base for Cure Violence. The research team observed the program's operation and assessed the model's suitability for detailed evaluation. The report addresses the operations of the Cure Violence model and how it differs from other approaches for reducing gun violence. It reviews the evidence underlying these models and proposes an agenda for future evaluation research.


Tax Structure And Revenue Instability: The Great Recession And The States, Howard Chernick, Cordelia Reimers, Jennifer Tennant Feb 2014

Tax Structure And Revenue Instability: The Great Recession And The States, Howard Chernick, Cordelia Reimers, Jennifer Tennant

Publications and Research

The Great Recession had the most severe impact on state tax revenues of any downturn since the Great Depression. We hypothesize that states with more progressive tax structures are more vulnerable to economic downturns, and that progressivity and income volatility may interact to amplify the recession’s fiscal impact. We find that, while potential revenue exposure is greater in more progressive states, the most important source of variation was differences in income concentration and capital gains shares in the top 5 percent of taxpayers. Though the interaction between income volatility and high tax burdens at the top did produce large decreases …


Line Drawing: Raising The Minimum Age Of Criminal Court Jurisdiction In New York, Jeffrey A. Butts, John K. Roman Feb 2014

Line Drawing: Raising The Minimum Age Of Criminal Court Jurisdiction In New York, Jeffrey A. Butts, John K. Roman

Publications and Research

This report was designed to inform New York's 2014 state commission on raising the age at which juveniles were charged as adults in New York courts. The report includes a review of existing evidence that supports raising the minimum age of criminal court jurisdiction in New York, describes the critical role economic consequences often play in such policy debates, and suggests how lawmakers should move forward by projecting the costs and benefits of reform transparently and objectively.


Narratives Of Violence: The White Imagination And The Making Of Black Masculinity In “City Of God”, Jaime Alves Feb 2014

Narratives Of Violence: The White Imagination And The Making Of Black Masculinity In “City Of God”, Jaime Alves

Publications and Research

The article explores the representation of young-black men in the 2002 film City of God. The film deploys “pathological scripts” of Black masculinity in Brazil as criminal and deviant. The controlling image of Black men’s bodies as a source of danger and impurity sustains Brazilian regime of racial domination, and the narratives of violence make explicit the ways in which the Brazilian nation is imagined though a racial underpinning. Blackness is consumed as an exotic commodity, yet is also understood as a threat to national harmony. The nation is, then, written and re-imagined as a racial paradise, but mostly by …


Review Of The Book The Swastika’S Darkening Shadow: Voices Before The Holocaust, John A. Drobnicki Feb 2014

Review Of The Book The Swastika’S Darkening Shadow: Voices Before The Holocaust, John A. Drobnicki

Publications and Research

Review of the book The swastika’s darkening shadow: Voices before the Holocaust.


Which Extramural Scientists Were Funded By Nih From Its Arra Funds?, Martin D. Sorin, Randall Hannum Feb 2014

Which Extramural Scientists Were Funded By Nih From Its Arra Funds?, Martin D. Sorin, Randall Hannum

Publications and Research

NIH distributed $10 billion of ARRA research funds among Principal Investigators (PIs) in 2009-2010. We studied how well the program achieved the goal of creating and retaining jobs. To analyze the distribution of ARRA funding among PIs, they were categorized in two ways: One was based on their history of research funding; the other on the type of funding, ARRA and non-ARRA, each received in 2009 and 2010. These classifications provide insights into who received ARRA funding and how many research PI jobs were created or retained. We found that the majority of ARRA award recipients already had grants and …


Direct Control Of Visual Perception With Phase-Specific Modulation Of Posterior Parietal Cortex, Andrew Jaegle, Tony Ro Feb 2014

Direct Control Of Visual Perception With Phase-Specific Modulation Of Posterior Parietal Cortex, Andrew Jaegle, Tony Ro

Publications and Research

We examined the causal relationship between the phase of alpha oscillations (9–12 Hz) and conscious visual perception using rhythmic TMS (rTMS) while simultaneously recording EEG activity. rTMS of posterior parietal cortex at an alpha frequency (10 Hz), but not occipital or sham rTMS, both entrained the phase of subsequent alpha oscillatory activity and produced a phase-dependent change on subsequent visual perception, with lower discrimination accuracy for targets presented at one phase of the alpha oscillatory waveform than for targets presented at the opposite phase. By extrinsically manipulating the phase of alpha before stimulus presentation, we provide direct evidence that the …


A Kinder, Gentler Dopamine. . . Highlighting Dopamine's Role In Behavioral Flexibility, Jeff A. Beeler, Roshan Cools, Monica Luciana, Sean B. Ostlund, Giselle Petzinger Jan 2014

A Kinder, Gentler Dopamine. . . Highlighting Dopamine's Role In Behavioral Flexibility, Jeff A. Beeler, Roshan Cools, Monica Luciana, Sean B. Ostlund, Giselle Petzinger

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.


Quality-Space Theory In Olfaction, Benjamin D. Young, Andreas Keller, David Rosenthal Jan 2014

Quality-Space Theory In Olfaction, Benjamin D. Young, Andreas Keller, David Rosenthal

Publications and Research

Quality-space theory (QST) explains the nature of the mental qualities distinctive of perceptual states by appeal to their role in perceiving. QST is typically described in terms of the mental qualities that pertain to color. Here we apply QST to the olfactory modalities. Olfaction is in various respects more complex than vision, and so provides a useful test case for QST. To determine whether QST can deal with the challenges olfaction presents, we show how a quality space (QS) could be constructed relying on olfactory perceptible properties and the olfactory mental qualities then defined by appeal to that QS of …


Disciplinarity And Trandisciplinarity In The Study Of Knowledge, Jay H. Bernstein Jan 2014

Disciplinarity And Trandisciplinarity In The Study Of Knowledge, Jay H. Bernstein

Publications and Research

Scholarly inquiry about the nature and significance of knowledge has been shaped by disciplinary traditions and priorities that define “knowledge” differently and result in disconnected literatures. In the mid to late twentieth century, library science educator Jesse Shera sought to bridge the conceptual gap between epistemological and sociological approaches to knowledge in proposing a new discipline he called social epistemology. Around the same time, long-term projects by the economist Fritz Machlup and the physical chemist turned philosopher of science Michael Polanyi did not merely combine existing disciplinary approaches but transcended conventional frameworks for conceptualizing knowledge. These scholars can be viewed …


Social Work A Broad, Often Invisible Profession, Aldemaro Romero Jr. Jan 2014

Social Work A Broad, Often Invisible Profession, Aldemaro Romero Jr.

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.


Is Burnout Solely Job-Related? A Critical Comment, Bianchi Renzo, Didier Truchot, Eric Laurent, Romain Brisson, Irvin Sam Schonfeld Jan 2014

Is Burnout Solely Job-Related? A Critical Comment, Bianchi Renzo, Didier Truchot, Eric Laurent, Romain Brisson, Irvin Sam Schonfeld

Publications and Research

Within the field‐dominating, multidimensional theory of burnout, burnout is viewed as a work‐specific condition. As a consequence, the burnout syndrome cannot be investigated outside of the occupational domain. In the present paper, this restrictive view of burnout's scope is criticized and a rationale to decide between a work‐specific and a generic approach to burnout is presented. First, the idea that a multidimensional conception of burnout implies a work‐restricted scope is deconstructed. Second, it is shown that the burnout phenomenon cannot be confined to work because chronic, unresolvable stress – the putative cause of burnout – is not limited to …


Library Patron Privacy In 2014 - Honoring The Legacy Of Zoia Horn, Sarah Lamdan Jan 2014

Library Patron Privacy In 2014 - Honoring The Legacy Of Zoia Horn, Sarah Lamdan

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.


Toward Robust Public Engagement: The Value Of Deliberative Discourse For Civil Communication, Don Waisanen Jan 2014

Toward Robust Public Engagement: The Value Of Deliberative Discourse For Civil Communication, Don Waisanen

Publications and Research

This article explores questions about "civility" in the 2012 election. Through an analysis of media discussions raising the term, four themes are constructed focusing on the limitations of civility discourse. While seeking to preserve the best that civil orientations afford, I argue that adding a deliberative approach to such discourse addresses moments when civil appeals appear to be most limited. This essay finds that working between civil and deliberative constructs provides an instructive perspective for understanding the workings of and possibilities for public discourse during situations when civility rhetoric is typically raised. Relative to civil communication-and associated concepts such as …


Language Is The “Lens” To Our Understanding, Aldemaro Romero Jr. Jan 2014

Language Is The “Lens” To Our Understanding, Aldemaro Romero Jr.

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.


Communication Is The Key To Career Success, Aldemaro Romero Jr. Jan 2014

Communication Is The Key To Career Success, Aldemaro Romero Jr.

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.


Whose Niqab Is This? Challenging, Creating And Communicating Female Muslim Identity Via Social Media, Gordon Alley-Young Jan 2014

Whose Niqab Is This? Challenging, Creating And Communicating Female Muslim Identity Via Social Media, Gordon Alley-Young

Publications and Research

The 2010 annual report of the US State Department on Human Rights reported a rising bias towards Muslims in Europe (US State Department, 2010) while France, Germany, Belgium and Switzerland enact laws restricting religious dress and/or mosques. Despite this bias, Gallup reports that 77% of UK Muslims identify with their country versus only 50% of the general public (BBC News, 2009). North American Muslims face similar challenges. US news reports of mosque building or expansion draw vocal opposition like that expressed about an Islamic Cultural Center opened near Ground Zero in New York City. US reality series All American Muslim …


A Simple Treatment Of The Liquidity Trap For Intermediate Macroeconomics Courses, Sebastien Buttet, Udayan Roy Jan 2014

A Simple Treatment Of The Liquidity Trap For Intermediate Macroeconomics Courses, Sebastien Buttet, Udayan Roy

Publications and Research

Several leading undergraduate intermediate macroeconomics textbooks now include a simple reduced-form New Keynesian model of short-run dynamics (alongside the IS-LM model). Unfortunately, there is no accompanying description of how the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates affects the model. In this article, the authors show how the aforementioned model can easily be modified to teach undergraduate students about the significance of the zero lower bound for economic performance and policy. This acquires additional significance because economies such as the United States and Japan have been close to the zero lower bound since 2008 and 1995, respectively. The authors show …


A Room Of Her Own: The Woman's Library, A Footnote To New York City Library History, Sandra Roff Jan 2014

A Room Of Her Own: The Woman's Library, A Footnote To New York City Library History, Sandra Roff

Publications and Research

The revolutionary idea of a library for working women in New York City can be traced to 1830, but it remained dormant for twenty-eight years until a group of prominent New Yorkers revived the cause. In 1858 an address by Henry Ward Beecher and other influential citizens reviewed the benefits of such a library, and after two years of planning the women's library became a reality. New York City was unique in providing a library just for women; however, financial support dwindled, and it was forced to be taken over by the Women's Protective Union by 1870.


An Introduction To African-Centered Sociology: Worldview, Methodology And Social Theory, Karanja Keita Carroll Jan 2014

An Introduction To African-Centered Sociology: Worldview, Methodology And Social Theory, Karanja Keita Carroll

Publications and Research

Current advances in Africana (Black) Studies utilize an African-centered conceptual framework in the study of Africana life, history, and culture. This conceptual framework has been utilized and expanded on by those developing scholarship in the sub-discipline areas of Africana Studies, including African-centered psychology, history, and literature. However, to date the articulation of an African-centered sociology, grounded in an African-centered conceptual framework, has not developed; neither has it occurred for African-centered sociology as a sub-discipline of Africana Studies, a sub-discipline of traditional sociology, or as a stand-alone discipline, itself. After a review of the worldview concept and framework and an analysis …


Standing-Up To The Politics Of Comedy, Don Waisanen Jan 2014

Standing-Up To The Politics Of Comedy, Don Waisanen

Publications and Research

This study examines the discourses of the U.S.'s 10 top-earning comedians in 2009 and 2010 through systematic textual analyses. Building from two prior case studies and working toward a communicative worldview for comedy as a pervasive mode of public communication, the results indicate that there are several generic clusters emerging across these acts involving rhetorics of optimism, uncertainty, individualism, and others. Many distinctive characteristics in the comedians' messages are also noted. Through such practices, humorists advance a language with political significance-so this essay draws several connections and implications regarding comic discourses in public culture


Geography More Than Just Maps And Capitals, Aldemaro Romero Jr. Jan 2014

Geography More Than Just Maps And Capitals, Aldemaro Romero Jr.

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.


Identifying And Addressing Sources Of Measurement Error In The Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire, Eileen Gigliotti, William Ellery Samuels, June Como, Tofiga Gamidova, Brian Gordon, Peter Acerios Jan 2014

Identifying And Addressing Sources Of Measurement Error In The Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire, Eileen Gigliotti, William Ellery Samuels, June Como, Tofiga Gamidova, Brian Gordon, Peter Acerios

Publications and Research

Background and Purpose: The Norbeck Social Support Questionnaire (NSSQ) provides a rich portrait of one’s perceived social support including network size/composition and quality of support. Analyses of quantitative research reports and critiques of the NSSQ revealed non-negligible measurement error. We document evidence of measurement error, report potential sources of this error, and present forthcoming psychometric testing. Methods: Quantitative evidence of measurement error from the NSSQ literature provided the basis for initial hypotheses concerning sources of error in network nomination and support ratings. We then conducted cognitive interviews to investigate these hypotheses. Results: Cognitive interviews revealed evidence of respondents’ miscomprehension and …


Is Burnout A Depressive Disorder? A Reexamination With Special Focus On Atypical Depression, Renzo Bianchi, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Eric Laurent Jan 2014

Is Burnout A Depressive Disorder? A Reexamination With Special Focus On Atypical Depression, Renzo Bianchi, Irvin Sam Schonfeld, Eric Laurent

Publications and Research

Whether burnout and depression cover the same psychopathology remains to be elucidated. To date, subtypes of depression have been overlooked in research on the burnout–depression overlap. Our aim was to estimate the prevalence of depressive disorders in workers with burnout while examining the overlap of burnout with the atypical subtype of depression. The present study included 5,575 schoolteachers (mean age = 41 years; 78% female). Burnout was assessed with the Maslach Burnout Inventory. Depression was measured with the 9-item depression scale of the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9). Atypical features of depression were examined using a dedicated module, referenced to …


Addressing The Consequences Of Violence And Adversity: The Development Of A Group Mental Health Intervention For War-Affected Youth In Sierra Leone, Theresa S. Betancourt, Elizabeth A. Newnham, Katrina Hann, Ryan K. Mcbain, Adeyinka M. Akinsulure-Smith, John Weisz, Grace M. Lilienthal, Nathan Hansen Jan 2014

Addressing The Consequences Of Violence And Adversity: The Development Of A Group Mental Health Intervention For War-Affected Youth In Sierra Leone, Theresa S. Betancourt, Elizabeth A. Newnham, Katrina Hann, Ryan K. Mcbain, Adeyinka M. Akinsulure-Smith, John Weisz, Grace M. Lilienthal, Nathan Hansen

Publications and Research

It is estimated that over one billion children and adolescents live in regions affected by armed conflict Oacob et al., 2007). Whereas access to mental health care is already very limited in low- and middle-income countries (LAMIC}-the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates the level of untreated mental disorders among adults in low- and middleincome countries may be as high as 78 percent (Kohn, Saxena, Levav & Saraceno, 2004)-the gap between the need for services and their limited availability is accentuated in regions affected by armed conflict (Betancourt, McBain, Newnham & Brennan, 2013; IASC, 2007; Walker et al., 2011). Among adolescents …


The Influence Of Nature Relatedness On Decision Making Regarding Mate Selection In College Educated Young Adults, Nicole Kras Jan 2014

The Influence Of Nature Relatedness On Decision Making Regarding Mate Selection In College Educated Young Adults, Nicole Kras

Publications and Research

No abstract provided.


Brooklyn's Thirst, Long Island's Water: Consolidation, Local Control, And The Aquifir, Jeffrey A. Kroessler Jan 2014

Brooklyn's Thirst, Long Island's Water: Consolidation, Local Control, And The Aquifir, Jeffrey A. Kroessler

Publications and Research

The creation of greater New York City in 1898 promised a solution to the problem of supplying Brooklyn and Queens with water. In the 1850s, the City of Brooklyn tapped ponds and streams on the south side of Queens County, and in the 1880s, dug wells for additional supply. This lowered the water table and caused problems for farmers and oystermen, many of whom sued the city for damages. Ultimately, salt water seeped into some wells from over-pumping. By 1896, Brooklyn’s system had reached its limit. Prevented by the state legislature from tapping the aquifer beneath Suffolk’s Pine Barrens, the …


American Indians In Feature Films: Beyond The Big Screen, Daisy V. Domínguez Jan 2014

American Indians In Feature Films: Beyond The Big Screen, Daisy V. Domínguez

Publications and Research

This article examines whether library collections represent the breadth of portrayals of American Indians in feature film and provides collection development resources for developing and strengthening feature film collections by and about American Indians.


Neoliberalism And Library & Information Science: Using Karl Polanyi’S Fictitious Commodity As An Alternative To Neoliberal Conceptions Of Information, Jonathan Cope Jan 2014

Neoliberalism And Library & Information Science: Using Karl Polanyi’S Fictitious Commodity As An Alternative To Neoliberal Conceptions Of Information, Jonathan Cope

Publications and Research

This paper examines the Library & Information Science (LIS) and Knowledge Organization (KO) literature on neoliberalism and argues that insufficient attention has been paid to the neoliberal conception of information’s relationship to the market. After an examination of the LIS and KO literature on neoliberalism, the key claims of neoliberalism with regards to information and markets are scrutinized and the role of the Internet is discussed. Karl Polanyi’s concept of the fictitious commodity is used to examine the ways in which markets are embedded within society and to provide an alternative to neoliberalism.