Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

An Ethnoarchaeological Perspective On Ground Stone Production At The Santiago Quarry In The Casas Grandes Region Of Chihuahua, Mexico, Michael T. Searcy, Todd Pitezel

Faculty Publications

Grinding stones, and more specifically manos and metates, are ubiquitous tools found at archaeological sites throughout the Americas. These tools were important, even to foragers, and grew in importance with the spread of agriculture, especially maize cultivation. Analyses of grinding stones recovered from archaeological sites are a common aspect of site reports, but these tend to generate data that emphasize the middle and end of the use-lives of these tools (Searcy 2011:8). The prehistoric manufacture of ground stone tools has received scant attention, and we suggest this may be due to two primary factors. First, the quarries where much of …

Finding Pockets Of Social Variation In The Digital Archive Of Southern Speech, Joseph A. Stanley, Margaret E. L. Renwick

Faculty Publications

Potential outcomes of Southern shifting:

Southern Vowel Shift:

• Increased overlap or “swapping” of /i ɪ/, /eɪ ɛ/; overlap of /æ ɛ/
• Decreased acoustic distance between /u i/, /oʊ i/

African American Vowel Shift:

• Increased overlap of /i ɪ/, /eɪ ɛ/, /æ ɛ/ (swapping less likely)

SVS vs. AAVS

• Front vowels positioned differently
• Back vowels positioned differently …in European American vs. African American speech

Does shifting strengthen over time? - Age effects

Do European American and African American speakers shift differently? - Race effects

Do women and men shift differently? - Sex effects

Do speakers in different parts of the South …

(Thr)-Flapping In American English: Articulatory Motivations And Social Factors, Joseph A. Stanley

Faculty Publications

Taps are allophones of /t/ and /d/ in American English

Between two vowels where the second is unstressed water, data, cheetah, scooter, odor, editor, forty, item, ladle, coding, etc. [ɾ] = voiced, alveolar tap.

Similar environment, but with a preceding nasal winter = winner, panting = panning [ɾ̃] = voiced, nasalized, alveolar tap.

Hypotheses:

1. For some speakers, [ɾ] is an allophone of /ɹ/ after /θ/, i.e. they have (thr)-flapping.
2. This variant is socially conditioned.
3. This variant has articulatory motivations.

Consonantal Variation In Utah English: What El[T]Se Is Happening[K], Joseph A. Stanley, Kyle Vanderniet

Faculty Publications

MOUNTAIN

• standard moun[ʔn̩] was the most common
• hyperarticulated moun[tʰɨn] twice as common as moun[ʔɨn]
• more common in younger speakers
• possibly as reaction to stigmatized variant

FALSE

• no clear pattern, but possibly women use it more

[k]-epenthesis

• not enough data

Nonmainstream forms can be found in Utah English.

These are not captured by the demographic variables we gathered.

Demons, Spirits, And Elephants: Reflections On The Failure Of Public Administration Theory, Melvin Dubnick

Faculty Publications

Author's Note: This paper was originally written and presented in 1999 as both a critical reflection on Public Administration's ongoing "identity crisis" and a rather (often too harsh) assessment of several recently published works that seemed exemplary of the problem being highlighted. Although some aspects of the argument made in the paper did find an outlet (see Dubnick, 2000), its length and contentious tone meant it was unlikely to find a mainstream outlet for publication. Nevertheless, it did circulate among colleagues and generated some collegial and published reaction (see Bogason et al., 2000). Eventually relegated to a location at the …

Financial Infidelity In Couple Relationships, Michelle M. Jeanfreau, Kenji Noguchi, Michael D. Mong, Hans Stadthagen-Gonzalez

Faculty Publications

Four hundred and fourteen participants answered questions regarding financial habits within the context of the couple relationship. The Big Five Personality Inventory and a Martial and Life Satisfaction Scale were used to determine the incidence and factors associated with financial infidelity. Results indicated that 27% of participants have kept a financial secret from their partner. Furthermore, both marital and life satisfaction were lower for participants who have experienced financial infidelity than in those who have not. Finally, conscientiousness, a factor from the Big Five Personality Inventory, showed a significant difference, suggesting that more organized individuals were less likely to keep …

Interest In Police Patrol Careers: An Assessment Of Potential Candidates' Impressions Of The Police Recruitment, Selection, And Training Processes, Charles Scheer, Michael Rossler, Leonard Papania

Faculty Publications

Both criminal justice researchers and practitioners have suspected that generational preferences and the nature of police patrol work have acted as dual forces leading potential police recruits away from police careers, resulting in large numbers of unfilled police positions. This challenge is exacerbated by accelerating retirements and expanding police duties. Police recruitment became an even larger managerial issue after the 2008 recession failed to resolve the most critical factor driving people away from police careers in the first place: police departments saw fewer and fewer qualified applicants, despite the recession bringing more applicants in number. In the wake of the …

Fractality Of Body Movements Predicts Perception Of Affordances: Evidence From Stand-On-Ability Judgments About Slopes, Alen Hajnal, Joseph Clark, Jonathan K. Doyon, Damian G. Kelty-Stephen

Faculty Publications

We recorded head motion with one wireless marker attached to the back of the head during quiet stance as participants visually inspected a sloped ramp in order to perceive whether they might be able to stand on the surface. Participants responded with "yes" or "no" without attempting to stand on the ramp. As has been found in dynamic touch (Palatinus, Kelty-Stephen, Kinsella-Shaw, Carello, & Turvey, 2014), we hypothesized that multiscale fluctuation patterns in bodily movement during visual observation would predict perceptual judgments. Mixed-effects logistic regression predicted binary affordance judgments as a function of geographical slant angle, head-motion standar deviation, and …

Money Over Marriage: Marriage Importance As A Mediator Between Materialism And Marital Satisfaction, Ashley B. Lebaron, Heather H. Kelley, Jason S. Carroll

Faculty Publications

While the negative relationship between materialism and marital satisfaction is well documented, mediators that possibly explain this association have not been widely explored. Based on the Incompatibility of Materialism and Children Model and Marital Paradigms Theory, this article explores the perception of marriage importance as a potential mediator between materialism and marital satisfaction. Using a sample of 1310 married individuals, we found evidence of partial mediation in that materialism was negatively associated with perception of marriage importance, and this association partially explained why being materialistic was associated with lower marital satisfaction. Thus, as counselors, therapists, and financial planners work with …

A Longitudinal Growth Mixture Model Of Child Disclosure To Parents Across Adolescence, Laura M. Padilla-Walker, Daye Son, Larry J. Nelson

Faculty Publications

The present study used in a person-centered approach to examine heterogeneity in children's patterns of routine disclosure (i.e., sharing information regarding their whereabouts and activities to parents) across adolescence and explored predictors and outcomes of different trajectories. Participants included 500 adolescents (51% female, 67% White, 33% single-parent families) who completed questionnaires every year from age 12 to age 18. Growth mixture modeling suggested that the majority of adolescents (82%) reported low and stable disclosure, and a third party (5%) a steep decrease and leveling out over time. Group membership varied as a function of predictors at age 12 (delinquency, prosocial …

Oh Snap: Chatstyle In The 2016 U.S. Presidential Primaries, David Painter, Eisa Al Nashmi

Faculty Publications

Based on Goffman’s theories of self-presentation and framing, this exploratory investigation adapted Videostyle and Webstyle protocols to analyse the 2016 US presidential primary candidates’ Snapchat posts. This quantitative content analysis (N = 871) coded for the visual content, production techniques, nonverbal content and frames used by the five candidates who used Snapchat as a strategic tool to engage voters throughout the course of the 2016 US primary campaign. The results indicate Clinton (D) deviated from the other candidates in the visual and nonverbal content as well as the frames used in her snaps. The implications of these findings on …

Alcohol Priming And Attribution Of Blame In An Acquaintance Rape Vignette, Elena V. Stepanova, Amy L. Brown

Faculty Publications

Research on nonpharmacological effects of alcohol shows that exposure to alcohol-related cues (i.e., alcohol priming) can increase behaviors associated with actual alcohol consumption. Attributions of responsibility to female victims in sexual assault scenarios are affected by whether or not alcohol was consumed by a victim and/or perpetrator. Victims often receive higher levels of blame if they consume alcohol prior to the assault. This work extends the research on nonpharmacological effects of alcohol into a novel domain of blame attribution toward rape victims. In two studies, participants in lab settings (Study 1; N = 184) and online (Study 2; N = …

When Your Spouse Is Addicted: How To Avoid Enabling And Get To Reality, Jason B. Whiting

Faculty Publications

Addiction manifests in a variety of ways, from the most severe heroin junkie, to the compulsive spender. It can include drug or alcohol dependence, compulsive pornography use, gambling, obsessive eating, lying, toxic relationships, or even Netflix. When does a habit become an addiction? Any behavior can begin as pleasure or escape, but in the case of addiction, the actions become demands. Addictions are secretive habits the person has unsuccessfully tried to stop, and that have disrupted work and home. An addiction takes an outsized role in the addict’s life and affects those they love.

Speech Codes Theory, Tabitha Hart

Faculty Publications

Rooted in the ethnography of communication and based on empirical research, speech codes theory is a theoretical/methodological tool for studying situated communication practices. Two important applications of speech codes theory are to reveal local cultures and to examine the ways in which people make use of communication to accomplish important goals pertaining to communal life. Speech codes theory offers researchers a systematic approach to describing, interpreting, analyzing, and comparing local communicative practices and the cultures which they instantiate.

Social Support Strategies In Online Forums Among Adult Offspring Of Parents With Harmful Alcohol Use, Marie Haverfield, John Leustek, Christine Timko

Faculty Publications

The authors categorized communication strategies employed to exchange social support (type and person centeredness) in three online forums about parents with harmful drinking. Data included discussion postreplies over 2 months; N = 1,644 units of analysis. Support type categories were identification, emotional, informational, network, and esteem. For person centeredness, most messages were moderate (expressed sympathy, provided distraction), followed by high (helped with feelings), and then low (minimized feelings). Adult offspring of parents with harmful drinking predominantly communicate self-interested forms of support in online forums. Based on principles of supportive communication, esteem support and high person centeredness may enhance social support …

Interactional Competence In Japanese As An Additional Language: An Overview, Tim Greer, Midori Ishida, Yumiko Tateyama

Faculty Publications

Speaking a language involves more than just knowledge of grammar, vocabulary, and pronunciation: It also requires the abilities to interpret what your interlocutor is saying, to formulate a relevant response, and to deliver it in a timely manner. In addition, it entails skills such as dealing with trouble in talk when it arises and being able to identify an appropriate moment to start speaking. In short, it requires interactional competence (IC). As this applies to speaking a language other than one's first, this volume of Pragmatics & Interaction examines specific interactional competences {ICs) that speakers of Japanese as an additional …

Developing Recipient Competence During Study Abroad, Midori Ishida

Faculty Publications

Partly as a response to Kinginger's (2009) call for studies that examine the interaction in which L2 speakers participate during study abroad and its relationship with long-term development, this chapter explores what features of social interaction might afford L2 speakers opportunities to "form new practices" (Pallotti & Wagner, 2011, p. 1), especially when using receipts.

Quantity And Quality Limit Detritivore Growth: Mechanisms Revealed By Ecological Stoichiometry And Co-Limitation Theory, Halvor M. Halvorson, Erik Sperfeld, Michelle A. Evans-White

Faculty Publications

Resource quantity and quality are fundamental bottom-up constraints on consumers. Best understood in autotroph-based systems, co-occurrence of these constraints may be common but remains poorly studied in detrital-based systems. Here, we used a laboratory growth experiment to test limitation of the detritivorous caddisfly larvae Pycnopsyche lepida across a concurrent gradient of oak litter quantity (food supply) and quality (phosphorus : carbon [P:C ratios]). Growth increased simultaneously with quantity and quality, indicating co-limitation across the resource gradients. We merged approaches of ecological stoichiometry and co-limitation theory, showing how co-limitation reflected shifts in C and P acquisition throughout homeostatic regulation. Increased growth …

The School Librarian’S Role In Writing Instruction: Research, Perceptions, And Practice, April M. Dawkins, Karen W. Gavigan

Faculty Publications

The degree to which librarians are actively involved in developing the writing skills of students has primarily been studied in academic libraries (Bronshteyn and Baladad 2006, “Librarians asWriting Instructors: Using Paraphrasing Exercises to Teach Beginning Information Literacy Students.” The Journal of Academic Librarianship 32 (5):533–536; King 2012, “Essentials of Basic Writing Pedagogy for Librarians.” Community & Junior College Libraries 18:55–66. Accessed March 20, 2016. doi:10.1080/ 02783915.2012.700211; Smith 2001, “Keeping Track: Librarians, Composition Instructors, and Student Writers Use the Research Journal.” Research Strategies 18:21–28) and has rarely been researched in terms of K-12 settings either in the United States or internationally. …

Relational Struggles And Experiential Immediacy In Religious American Families, David C. Dollahite, Loren D. Marks, Kaity Pearl Young

Faculty Publications

Qualitative family scholar Kerry Daly has called for more theory addressing understudied dimensions including religion, everyday experiences, and time. Herein we address all three of these dimensions as we empirically examine and theorize Ono relational struggles among religious families. We also explore what we term experiential immediacy–defined as the personal and temporal proximity to participant-reported lived experience. Based on qualitative analyses of in-depth interviews with 198 highly religious families (N = 476 individuals), we identified four types of relational struggles created by religious involvement: burdens, disunities, abuses, and offenses. We also offer a conceptual framework of experiential immediacy grounded …

Attractiveness As A Function Of Skin Tone And Facial Features: Evidence From Categorization Studies, Elena V. Stepanova, Michael J. Strube

Faculty Publications

Participants rated the attractiveness and racial typicality of male faces varying in their facial features from Afrocentric to Eurocentric and in skin tone from dark to light in two experiments. Experiment 1 provided evidence that facial features and skin tone have an interactive effect on perceptions of attractiveness and mixed-race faces are perceived as more attractive than single-race faces. Experiment 2 further confirmed that faces with medium levels of skin tone and facial features are perceived as more attractive than faces with extreme levels of these factors. Black phenotypes (combinations of dark skin tone and Afrocentric facial features) were rated …

Should We Have Security Cameras At Denison?, Paul A. Djupe

Faculty Publications

No abstract provided.

Innovation In Ill-Structured Decision-Making By Teams: Contributions Of What Members Say And Don’T Say And How They Are Related, Steven D. Silver

Faculty Publications

The contributions of both types of information that are exchanged and coaction in silence to innovation objectives of decision-making teams are considered. Ideation and idea generation are recognized as critical to innovation in decisions that are ill structured. We focus on coaction in silence and the conditions in interaction that are likely to facilitate idea generation. Integration of ideas and evaluations that are likely to contribute most to the quality of decisions are given explicit forms. Major contentions of the account are examined in experimental data.

Commercial Sexual Exploitation Of Youth In The United States: A Qualitative Systematic Review, Michelle Hampton, Michelle Lieggi

Faculty Publications

Background:Homeless, runaway, and transgender youth are at high risk for commercial sexual exploitation in the United States. Research examining this phenomenon is growing but requires synthesis to facilitate its use by professionals who serve this population. The purpose of this review was to aggregate the qualitative evidence regarding commercially sexually exploited youth (CSEY) in the United States.Methods:The search included published and unpublished qualitative studies with current or former CSEY who reside in the United States.Results:There were 19 studies included in the review with a total of 795 participants. Eight themes were identified and grouped into three broader categories: experiences that …

What's It To Me? Self-Interest And Evaluations Of Financial Conflicts Of Interest, Samuel Bruton, Donald Sacco

Faculty Publications

Disclosure has become the preferred way of addressing the threat to researcher objectivity arising from financial conflicts of interest (FCOIs). This article argues that the effectiveness of disclosure at protecting science from the corrupting effects of FCOIs—particularly the kind of disclosure mandated by US federal granting agencies—is more limited than is generally acknowledged. Current NIH and NSF regulations require disclosed FCOIs to be reviewed, evaluated, and managed by officials at researchers’ home institutions. However, these reviewers are likely to have institutional and personal interests of their own that may undermine the integrity of their evaluations. This paper presents experimental findings …

It's More Than Self-Presentation: Mum Effects Can Reflect Private Discomfort And Concern For The Recipient, Jayson L. Dibble

Faculty Publications

Is the reluctance to share bad news (i.e., the MUM effect) motivated more by a public display or private concern, and does it benefit mainly the messenger or the recipient? An experiment (N = 309) that crossed good/bad news with three communication channels (face to face, text messaging, email) revealed that messenger reluctance was greatest under conditions of bad news and did not vary based on channel through which the recipient contacted the messenger. In contrast with earlier work, this MUM effect was more consistent with a private fear of distressing the recipient. Theoretical implications and limitations are discussed.

The Role Of Feature-Based Discrimination In Driving Health Disparities Among Black Americans, Randl B. Dent, Nao Hagiwara, Elena V. Stepanova, Tiffany L. Green

Faculty Publications

Objective: A growing body of research finds that darker skin tone is often associated with poorer physical and mental health in Blacks. However, the psychosocial mechanisms underlying the skin tone-health link remain elusive. The present study seeks to address this knowledge gap by investigating the direct and indirect (through perceived discrimination, socioeconomic status, and self-esteem) effects of skin tone on self-reported physical and mental health.

Design: An urban sample of 130 Blacks aged 35 and above completed a self-administered computerized survey as a part of larger cross-sectional study.

Results: Self-esteem played a particularly important role in mediating the associations between …

I Wish: Multigenerational Regrets And Reflections On Teaching Children About Money, Ashley B. Lebaron, E. Jeffrey Hill, Christina M. Rosa, Travis J. Spencer, Loren D. Marks, Joshua T. Powell

Faculty Publications

Millennials are struggling to meet current financial challenges. As we strive to improve financial capability in future generations, it is important that we look to the primary source of financial education: parents. This qualitative, multigenerational study explored what Millennials and their parents and grandparents (N = 153) wish they had been taught about finances by their parents, as well as what parents and grandparents wish they had taught their children. Thematic content coding of the interviews revealed three core “I Wish” themes: “Practical Knowledge,” “Financial Stewardship,” and “Open Communication.” These findings can assist researchers, family life educators, financial educators, …

Telling The Story: National And Local Soc Evaluation, Betty Walton, Isaac Karikari, Christine Marie Bishop

Faculty Publications

With foundation and grant funding for behavioral health, social services, and integrated health initiatives come requirements to collect and report data. State and local grantees, partners, and stakeholders can combine such requirements with local quality improvement and evaluation initiatives to tell their story and to manage initiatives. To support local system of care (SOC) coordinators in collecting and using grant and relevant information, basic grant requirements are reviewed in the context of using the information to support decisions, to monitor progress, and to improve outcomes.

Internet Gaming Disorder In Children And Adolescents, Douglas A. Gentile Phd, Kira Bailey Phd, Daphne Bavelier Phd, Jeanne Funk Brockmyer Phd, Hilarie Cash Phd, Sarah M. Coyne, Andrew Doan Md, Phd, Donald S. Grant Phd, C. Shawn Green Phd, Mark Griffiths Phd, Tracy Markle Ma, Lpc, Nancy M. Petry Phd, Sarah Prot Phd, Cosette D. Rae Msw, Florian Rehbein Phd, Michael Rich Md, Dave Sullivan Lcsw, Elizabeth Woolley Ascis, Kimberly Young Phd

Faculty Publications

The American Psychiatric Association recently included Internet gaming disorder (IGD) as a potential diagnosis, recommending that further study be conducted to help illuminate it more clearly. This paper is a summary of the review undertaken by the IGD Working Group as part of the 2015 National Academy of Sciences Sackler Colloquium on Digital Media and Developing Minds. By using measures based on or similar to the IGD definition, we found that prevalence rates range between ∼1% and 9%, depending on age, country, and other sample characteristics. The etiology of IGD is not well-understood at this time, although it appears that …