Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

A Reasonable Semantic Web, Pascal Hitzler, Frank Van Harmelen

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

The realization of Semantic Web reasoning is central to substantiating the Semantic Web vision. However, current mainstream research on this topic faces serious challenges, which forces us to question established lines of research and to rethink the underlying approaches. We argue that reasoning for the Semantic Web should be understood as "shared inference," which is not necessarily based on deductive methods. Model-theoretic semantics (and sound and complete reasoning based on it) functions as a gold standard, but applications dealing with large-scale and noisy data usually cannot afford the required runtimes. Approximate methods, including deductive ones, but also approaches based on …

Automated Isolation Of Translational Efficiency Bias That Resists The Confounding Effect Of Gc(At)-Content, Douglas W. Raiford, Dan E. Krane, Travis E. Doom, Michael L. Raymer

Kno.e.sis Publications

Genomic sequencing projects are an abundant source of information for biological studies ranging from the molecular to the ecological in scale; however, much of the information present may yet be hidden from casual analysis. One such information domain, trends in codon usage, can provide a wealth of information about an organism's genes and their expression. Degeneracy in the genetic code allows more than one triplet codon to code for the same amino acid, and usage of these codons is often biased such that one or more of these synonymous codons is preferred. Detection of this bias is an important tool …

Linked Open Social Signals, Pablo N. Mendes, Alexandre Passant, Pavan Kapanipathi, Amit P. Sheth

Kno.e.sis Publications

In this paper we discuss the collection, semantic annotation and analysis of real-time social signals from micro-blogging data. We focus on users interested in analyzing social signals collectively for sensemaking. Our proposal enables flexibility in selecting subsets for analysis, alleviating information overload. We define an architecture that is based on state-of-the-art Semantic Web technologies and a distributed publish subscribe protocol for real time communication. In addition, we discuss our method and application in a scenario related to the health care reform in the United States.

Continuous Semantics To Analyze Real-Time Data, Amit P. Sheth, Christopher Thomas, Pankaj Mehra

Kno.e.sis Publications

Increasingly we are presented with dynamic domains involved in social, mobile, and sensor webs. Such domains are spontaneous (arising suddenly), follow a period of rapid evolution, involving real-time or near real-time data, involve many distributed participants and diverse viewpoints involving topical or contentious subjects, and involve feature context colored by local knowledge and sociocultural backgrounds. This article present continuous semantics can help us model such dynamic domains and analyze the related real-time data. Capabilities include crating dynamic domain model by mining social data, and using dynamic models for semantic analysis of real-time data.

Private Giving Crowding Government Funding In Public Higher Education, G. Thomas Sav

Economics Faculty Publications

Problem Statement:

Private giving and government funding are critical revenue sources for public colleges and universities. If increased private giving reduces government funding, then that type and extent of crowding out carries important managerial and public policy implications.

Approach:

The study used a government funding reaction function and an instrumental variable approach to empirically estimate the potential for crowding out.

Results:

The study examined the extent to which private giving reduces or crowds out state government funding of public colleges and universities. Government free riding was at question and investigated to determine how active it is in terms of private …

A New Perspective On Visual Word Processing Efficiency, Joseph W. Houpt, James T. Townsend

Psychology Faculty Publications

As a fundamental part of our daily lives, visual word processing has received much attention in the psychological literature. Despite the well established perceptual advantages of word and pseudoword context using accuracy, a comparable effect using response times has been elusive. Some researchers continue to question whether the advantage due to word context is perceptual. We use the capacity coefficient, a well established, response time based measure of efficiency to provide evidence of word processing as a particularly efficient perceptual process to complement those results from the accuracy domain.

Do Applicants And Incumbents Respond To Personality Items Similarly? A Comparison Using An Ideal Point Response Model, Erin L. O'Brien

Browse all Theses and Dissertations

This study examined the extent to which applicants and incumbents use different response processes when responding to personality items. It was hypothesized that applicants' responses to personality items will be more similar to a dominance response model and that incumbents' responses will be more similar to an ideal point response model. I used item response theory to estimate sample data from applicants (N = 1509) and incumbents (N = 1568) who completed the Sixteen Personality Questionnaire Select. Differential item (DIF) and test functioning (DTF) analyses were conducted using the generalized graded unfolding model (GGUM), which is based on ideal point …

Predicting Sales Performance: Considering Nonlinear Relationships Between Gma, Performance, And Effectiveness, Jason D. Culbertson

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Measuring Conscientiousness with Explicit and Implicit Measures Although the literature has a wealth of research predicting salesperson performance, the literature is unclear. Even meta-analytic research (Barrick et al., 2001; Schmidt & Hunter, 1998; Vinchur et al. 1998) appears inconsistent. The main goal of this study was to determine if the relationships were of a nonlinear nature and leading to confusion. This study found that the relationships between sales performance depended on the type of criteria (supervisor ratings or performance versus sales revenue or effectiveness) and the type of relationship examined (linear or nonlinear). This study was successful in demonstrating a …

The Effects Of Mood And Dispositional Affectivity On Self-Reported Job Satisfaction, Cristina D. Kirkendall

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Job satisfaction has several antecedents, including situational factors (e.g., pay, job characteristics), personality factors (e.g., positive and negative affectivity), and social interactions at work. Job satisfaction is most often measured with self-report surveys which may not effectively capture unconscious attitudes or context effects such as mood. Mood at time of survey completion has been shown to have an effect on self-reported satisfaction measures. This study uses animal-related video clips as a mood induction and examines the effect of induced mood and personality factors on self-report measures of job satisfaction.

Measuring Conscientiousness With Explicit And Implicit Measures, Jenna Noelle Filipkowski

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The fakability of three measures of conscientiousness was examined: the International personality Item Pool (IPIP), the Conditional Reasoning Test, and Implicit Association Tests (IAT). Data from a student sample (N = 442) found the Conditional Reasoning and IATs were the least susceptible to faking, but they did not have a meaningful relationship with the IPIP. The Conditional Reasoning Test was the best non-cognitive predictor of College GPA (r = .23, p < .01), perhaps due to the fact it may tap cognitive ability as evidenced by its significant correlation with the ACT (r = .41, p < .01). The explicit (self- report) and implicit (IAT) measures of conscientiousness had a low positive correlation with one another. Some researchers may use this finding as evidence that they are measuring different aspects of the construct.

Team Coordination As A Mediator Of Stress Appraisals And Team Performance, Gaea Megan Payton

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Threat stress appraisals can negatively affect individuals by decreasing performance (Gildea, Schneider, & Shebilske, 2007). Performance is also influenced by a team's ability to coordinate tasks (Entin & Serfaty, 1999). This study investigated the link between team stressor appraisals, coordination, and performance. Using a simulated team environment, teams were evaluated on their perceived stress appraisals, coordination as indicated through instant messaging, and team performance. Findings showed that team stressor appraisals were marginally related to coordination and significantly related to performance. Coordination was related to team performance. Further research should be performed using varied levels of a stressful scenario to evaluate …

The Effect Of Expertise And Cognitive Demand On Temporal Awareness In Real-Time Scheduling, James Samuel Garrett

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The following study examines the relationship between amount of information, performance, expertise, and temporal awareness during a high fidelity military battle command simulation. The current study provides an in situ example of temporal estimation which is lacking in the current body of research. Twenty Ohio National Guardsmen of varying expertise played the role of battle commander during the simulation. Novice behavior differed from experts. Novice indications of temporal awareness did not vary with contextual change. However, they provided non-detailed temporal utterances and a relationship between temporal awareness and performance. This pattern suggests that they were overwhelmed by the amount of …

Dammed And The Damned: Draining The Bucket Dry, Carla Steiger

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This thesis investigates how people displaced from the construction of large dams in seek environmental justice. I studied the importance of regime type, the creation of protest groups and the formation of alliances with national, international organizations, and the media. In a comparison between protest movements against the Three Gorges Dam in China and the Sardar Sarovar Dam in India, displaced populations suffered from loss of community, livelihood, and health and were victimized by corrupt actors that supported the dams. The rapid economic development of these two countries emerged as a major point of comparison between the two. Regime type …

Influence Of Edge Rate, Global Optical Flow Rate, Angle, And Expansion Rate On Braking Behavior, Sheldon M. Russell

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A driving simulator was used to understand the way humans control collisions. Based on the research of Smith et al. (2001), and McKenna (2004), this study altered distance to and size of a target to determine if optical angle and expansion rate were used independently to control behavior in a collision event rather than combined into a single variable, tau, as suggested by Lee (1976). Furthermore, edge rate as defined by Denton (1980) and global optical flow rate (GOFR) (Warren, 1982) were considered as possible visual sources of egomotion information. Similar to the results found by McKenna (2004), participants appeared …

An Examination Of Type I Errors And Power For Two Differential Item Functioning Indices, Patrick Carl Clark Jr.

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This study examined two methods for detecting differential item functioning (DIF): Raju, van der Linden, and Fleer's (1995) differential functioning of items and tests procedure (DFIT) and Thissen, Steinberg, and Wainer's (1988) likelihood ratio test (LRT). The major research questions concerned which test provides the best balance of Type I errors and power and if the tests differ in terms of detecting different types of DIF. Monte Carlo simulations were conducted to address these questions. Equal and unequal sample size conditions were fully crossed with test lengths of 10 and 20 items. In addition, α and β parameters were manipulated …

The Importance Of Perceived Similarity Within Faculty-Faculty Mentoring Dyads, Emily N. Polander

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This study investigated the effects of gender similarity, perceived similarity, and relationship type (formal vs. informal) within faculty-faculty mentoring dyads on various mentoring outcomes from the protégé's perspective. Perceived similarity was expected to be a stronger predictor of relationship satisfaction, affective commitment, job satisfaction, and turnover intent than gender similarity. Perceived similarity was also examined as a potential mediator of relationship type and relationship satisfaction. Tenure-track faculty who reported having mentors (N = 45) answered questions regarding their primary career mentor and other workplace attitudes. Results indicated that perceived similarity had a positive, greater effect than gender similarity on relationship …

Research In Semantic Web And Information Retrieval: Trust, Sensors, And Search, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan

Kno.e.sis Publications

No abstract provided.

Wsu Research News, Winter 2009, Office Of Research And Sponsored Programs, Wright State University

WSU Research News

A twenty-four page newsletter of the WSU Research News. The WSU Research News was published monthly beginning in June of 1968 and issued by the Office of Research Development. This newsletter was created to provide information to the WSU faculty about the availability of outside funds for research and educational programs, new developments that may affect availability of funds, and general information on research and educational activities at Wright State University.

Sparql Query Re-Writing For Spatial Datasets Using Partonomy Based Transformation Rules, Prateek Jain, Cory Andrew Henson, Amit P. Sheth, Peter Z. Yeh, Kunal Verma

Kno.e.sis Publications

Often the information present in a spatial knowledge base is represented at a different level of granularity and abstraction than the query constraints. For querying ontology’s containing spatial information, the precise relationships between spatial entities has to be specified in the basic graph pattern of SPARQL query which can result in long and complex queries. We present a novel approach to help users intuitively write SPARQL queries to query spatial data, rather than relying on knowledge of the ontology structure. Our framework re-writes queries, using transformation rules to exploit part-whole relations between geographical entities to address the mismatches between query …

A Local Qualitative Approach To Referral And Functional Trust, Krishnaprasad Thirunarayan, Dharan Althuru, Cory Andrew Henson, Amit P. Sheth

Kno.e.sis Publications

Trust and confidence are becoming key issues in diverse applications such as ecommerce, social networks, semantic sensor web, semantic web information retrieval systems, etc. Both humans and machines use some form of trust to make informed and reliable decisions before acting. In this work, we briefly review existing work on trust networks, pointing out some of its drawbacks. We then propose a local framework to explore two different kinds of trust among agents called referral trust and functional trust, that are modelled using local partial orders, to enable qualitative trust personalization. The proposed approach formalizes reasoning with trust, distinguishing between …

Reference On The Web: Common Health Concerns, Terese Desimio

University Libraries' Staff Publications

The article discusses the use of health science related reference sites on the internet and the most commonly searched health concerns.

Towards Reasoning Pragmatics, Pascal Hitzler

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

The realization of Semantic Web reasoning is central to substantiating the Semantic Web vision. However, current mainstream research on this topic faces serious challenges, which force us to question established lines of research and to rethink the underlying approaches.

A Contrast Pattern Based Clustering Quality Index For Categorical Data, Qingbao Liu, Guozhu Dong

Kno.e.sis Publications

Since clustering is unsupervised and highly explorative, clustering validation (i.e. assessing the quality of clustering solutions) has been an important and long standing research problem. Existing validity measures have significant shortcomings. This paper proposes a novel contrast pattern based clustering quality index (CPCQ) for categorical data, by utilizing the quality and diversity of the contrast patterns (CPs) which contrast the clusters in clusterings. High quality CPs can characterize clusters and discriminate them against each other. Experiments show that the CPCQ index (1) can recognize that expert-determined classes are the best clusters for many datasets from the UCI repository; (2) does …

Wright State University Women's Basketball Media Guide 2009-2010, Wright State University Athletics

Athletics Publications

A media guide for Wright State University's 2009-2010 Women's Basketball team. This guide includes photographs, player stats, game results, and records.

Wright State University Men's Basketball Media Guide 2009-2010, Wright State University Athletics

Athletics Publications

A media guide for Wright State University's 2009-2010 Men's Basketball team. This guide includes photographs, player stats, game results, and records.

The Guardian, November 11, 2009, Wright State University Student Body

The Guardian Student Newspaper

Twelve page issue of The Guardian, the official student-run newspaper for Wright State University. The Guardian has been published regularly since March of 1965.

The Guardian, November 4, 2009, Wright State University Student Body

The Guardian Student Newspaper

Twelve page issue of The Guardian, the official student-run newspaper for Wright State University. The Guardian has been published regularly since March of 1965.

Ontology-Driven Provenance Management In Escience: An Application In Parasite Research, Satya S. Sahoo, D. Brent Weatherly, Raghava Mutharaju, Pramod Anantharam, Amit P. Sheth, Rick L. Tarleton

Kno.e.sis Publications

Provenance, from the French word “provenir”, describes the lineage or history of a data entity. Provenance is critical information in scientific applications to verify experiment process, validate data quality and associate trust values with scientific results. Current industrial scale eScience projects require an end-to-end provenance management infrastructure. This infrastructure needs to be underpinned by formal semantics to enable analysis of large scale provenance information by software applications. Further, effective analysis of provenance information requires well-defined query mechanisms to support complex queries over large datasets. This paper introduces an ontology-driven provenance management infrastructure for biology experiment data, as part …

An Anytime Algorithm For Computing Inconsistency Measurement, Yue Ma, Guilin Qi, Guohui Xiao, Pascal Hitzler, Zuoquan Lin

Computer Science and Engineering Faculty Publications

Measuring inconsistency degrees of inconsistent knowledge bases is an important problem as it provides context information for facilitating inconsistency handling. Many methods have been proposed to solve this problem and a main class of them is based on some kind of paraconsistent semantics. In this paper, we consider the computational aspects of inconsistency degrees of propositional knowledge bases under 4-valued semantics. We first analyze its computational complexity. As it turns out that computing the exact inconsistency degree is intractable, we then propose an anytime algorithm that provides tractable approximation of the inconsistency degree from above and below. We show that …

The Guardian, October 28, 2009, Wright State University Student Body

The Guardian Student Newspaper

Twelve page issue of The Guardian, the official student-run newspaper for Wright State University. The Guardian has been published regularly since March of 1965.