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Articles 61 - 90 of 1044

Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences

Women, Populism, Democracy: A Comparative Study Of Democracy And Populism In Turkey And The United States, Ashton Jolley May 2023

Women, Populism, Democracy: A Comparative Study Of Democracy And Populism In Turkey And The United States, Ashton Jolley

Honors Theses

The rise of populism is a global phenomenon, and its impact on democracy is a significant concern. Populist leaders typically portray themselves as outsiders and champions of the working class, often using emotive and divisive language to resonate with their supporters. These leaders frequently scapegoat marginalized groups and institutions, categorizing them as distant from the people. Right-wing populism, in particular, emphasizes nationalism, anti-immigrant sentiment, and a rejection of globalism. Leaders often target the perceived threats posed by globalization and the loss of jobs to foreign countries while emphasizing traditional values and gender roles. In Turkey and the United States, religion …


The Effects Of Tiktok's Covid-19 Content On Anxiety In Young Adults, Nicholas Fontaine May 2023

The Effects Of Tiktok's Covid-19 Content On Anxiety In Young Adults, Nicholas Fontaine

Honors Theses

The COVID-19 pandemic spiked generalized anxiety worldwide. The onset of the pandemic also coincided with TikTok’s rise to popularity in the social media landscape, especially among young adults and children. As a result, COVID-19-related content rose to prevalence on the platform as it became a common outlet for users to share their thoughts and opinions on the pandemic while also feeding a growing audience in need of information and diversion. Given the connection between COVID-19 and anxiety, along with temporal ties between TikTok’s rise to popularity and the COVID-19 pandemic, this study set out to determine whether young adults would …


Perceptions Of Stress: A Gendered Comparison Of Undergraduates In Stem, Molly Martin May 2023

Perceptions Of Stress: A Gendered Comparison Of Undergraduates In Stem, Molly Martin

Honors Theses

Students enrolled in undergraduate universities face numerous stressors every day. Outside of stress from their academic studies (i.e., homework, studying for exams, writing papers), they also encounter daily life stressors relating to self-sufficiency, career choices, families, housing, and many other areas. While every student deals with stress coming from multiple areas of their life, women tend to place more stress on themselves than men due to social pressure to perform well and the feeling of societal expectation to have a high stress load from which to derive personal value. Within the field of Science, Technology and Math (STEM), —a field …


The Relationship Between Voter Perceptions Of Frequency Of Police Use Of Excessive Force And Support For The Death Penalty, Amelia Collins May 2023

The Relationship Between Voter Perceptions Of Frequency Of Police Use Of Excessive Force And Support For The Death Penalty, Amelia Collins

Honors Theses

Differing opinions of the death penalty continually conflict with the criminal justice system regarding support or opposition. Previous studies have described how sex and race influence one’s perception of the death penalty, whereas this study emphasizes various contributing predictors aside from sex and race. This study utilizes binary logistic regression to examine the relationship between voter perceptions of police use of excessive force and support for the death penalty along with voter demographics. Secondary data from the American National Election Studies (ANES) 2020 Time Series Survey was incorporated into the data set of this study. The current study is composed …


Iran's Involvement In The Syrian Civil War Before And After Jcpoa, Kaitlin Coulter May 2023

Iran's Involvement In The Syrian Civil War Before And After Jcpoa, Kaitlin Coulter

Honors Theses

The Syrian civil war has been going on for over a decade and has caused the death of over 500,000 people and the displacement of thirteen million more. Ending the war has been difficult for policy makers worldwide due to the number of outside actors involved in the conflict. The most prominent actor that has made this task so difficult is Iran. Syria and Iran have been staunch allies since the inception of the Islamic Republic in 1979. Despite religious differences, their support for each other through the decades has proven extremely beneficial for both countries. When the Syrian civil …


Dataset: Plays Or E-Plays? Informing A Theatre Collection Strategy Using Student Input, Natalie Haber, Whitney Jordan Jan 2023

Dataset: Plays Or E-Plays? Informing A Theatre Collection Strategy Using Student Input, Natalie Haber, Whitney Jordan

Research and Data

This is a dataset from a survey given to UTC Theatre students in fall 2023 regarding their preferences for formats of plays. IRB##22-087.


Substance Use Disorder Prevention Among Sexual And Gender Minority Youth, Jack K. Connors, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry Jan 2023

Substance Use Disorder Prevention Among Sexual And Gender Minority Youth, Jack K. Connors, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry

Modern Psychological Studies

Substance Use Disorder (SUD) has a more prevalent effect on Sexual and Gender Minority Youth (SGMY), leading to a need for dedicated and specialized programs to reduce disparity. The review included 18 scholarly articles, ranging from the years 1992 to 2022. In the present review, we explored factors related to SGMY substance use, including those that protect and insulate this vulnerable population against a negative coping skill with a wide array of neurological, emotional, and societal adjustment problems. We concluded that SGMY experience SUD more than their straight, cisgender peers. Also, targeted interventions are necessary to curb maladaptive coping strategies …


The Functional Role Of Context In Action Perception And Understanding Social Situations, Anjali - Jan 2023

The Functional Role Of Context In Action Perception And Understanding Social Situations, Anjali -

Modern Psychological Studies

This study investigated the influence of understanding the perception of action congruency in animated video actors. The study employed a 2 x 2 pre-post design with the type of training (relevant, irrelevant) as a between-subjects design. The present study aimed to address whether the presence (versus absence) of contextual information affected an individual’s ability to make sense of social interactions, and if relevant contextual cues aided an individual’s perspective of social situations. Participants consisted of 80 undergraduate students at the University of British Columbia. Action congruency is the level of social coordination between two figures. Perceptions of action congruency was …


Evaluating New York Times Data Set: Coded For Credibility Reasoning, Natalie Haber Jan 2023

Evaluating New York Times Data Set: Coded For Credibility Reasoning, Natalie Haber

Research and Data

Dataset affiliated with article : Evaluating the New York Times: Content Analysis of Student Responses to Open-Ended Tutorial Questions


Toward A Holistic Understanding Of Conduct Disorder Across The Lifespan, Bobby R. J. W. Mchardy, Pamela M. Seeds Jan 2023

Toward A Holistic Understanding Of Conduct Disorder Across The Lifespan, Bobby R. J. W. Mchardy, Pamela M. Seeds

Modern Psychological Studies

Conduct Disorder is a developmental disorder characterized by clinically significant and culturally unexpected aggressive and antisocial behaviors. While much work has focused on the numerous predisposing genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and environmental risk factors for Conduct Disorder, its causal mechanisms, several developmental trajectories, and interacting risks have still yet to be properly elucidated within the context of these factors. With the aim of integrating the literature’s current understanding of Conduct Disorder, we searched APA PsycNet and Google Scholar using a scoping review to select peer-reviewed articles relating to age of onset, presentation, trajectory, persistence, and outcomes of Conduct Disorder. Of the …


The Effects Of Self-Affirmation On Covid-19 Safe Behaviors, Matt Betashour Jan 2023

The Effects Of Self-Affirmation On Covid-19 Safe Behaviors, Matt Betashour

Modern Psychological Studies

This paper aims to seek if self-affirming activities can be used to increase compliance with group-protective public health policy such as the mandate to wear face masks for the COVID-19 pandemic. Completing a self-affirmation has been shown to increase compliance to health advice when it is beneficial for the self (Sherman & Cohen, 2020). To determine if self-affirming activities, as described by Self-Affirmation theory, increases compliance to health advice that is beneficial for others, the present experiment (N = 106) asked university students to complete a self-affirmation or a control task, read a relevant article, and rate how often they …


The Effects Of Outdoor Therapy On Depression And Anxiety: A Quantitative Review, Lindsey N. Wheeler, Steven R. Wininger Jan 2023

The Effects Of Outdoor Therapy On Depression And Anxiety: A Quantitative Review, Lindsey N. Wheeler, Steven R. Wininger

Modern Psychological Studies

The goal of this research was to assess the effectiveness of outdoor therapy on depression and anxiety across different moderators via a quantitative review. While there are studies that look at the effectiveness of outdoor therapy on psychological outcomes, there is a lack of synthesis of the research investigating moderators. A literature review was conducted and six studies were included in the analysis. Cohen’s d was calculated for each study. We examined the following moderators: intervention type, intervention duration, age, and outcome measurement. The effects of outdoor therapy were greater for anxiety (d=0.65, n=1215) than depression (d=0.43, n=115). Within the …


Mobile Phone Mindfulness: Effects Of App-Based Meditation Intervention On Stress And Hrv Of Undergraduate Students, Samuel M. Degenhard Jan 2023

Mobile Phone Mindfulness: Effects Of App-Based Meditation Intervention On Stress And Hrv Of Undergraduate Students, Samuel M. Degenhard

Modern Psychological Studies

Since the COVID-19 pandemic, stress has increased exponentially in undergraduate populations. The current study sought to determine the efficacy of an eight-week relaxation intervention, using a free meditation app to reduce perceived stress and increase baseline heart rate variability (HRV) of undergraduate students, compared to using a traditional relaxation intervention across the same period. Participants (N = 14) were randomized into either a meditation app group or self-directed diaphragmatic breathing group and were instructed to engage in their respective relaxation technique ten minutes daily for eight weeks. Pre- and post-intervention differences in perceived stress and HRV were examined, along with …


Questioning The Legitimacy Of The Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Construct, Isabelle J. Weigel-Mohamed Jan 2023

Questioning The Legitimacy Of The Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Construct, Isabelle J. Weigel-Mohamed

Modern Psychological Studies

This literature review examines 45 journal articles from a variety of disciplines, including genetics, neuropsychology, child and school psychology, evolutionary psychology, clinical psychology, and psychopharmacology. The review features a popular article published in the New York Times; though not a peer-reviewed journal article, it provides evidence of the pervasive social impact of the Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) debate. This review covers articles published between the years 1971 to 2021, with a greater emphasis on articles published after 2013 (over 50% of the review, given that the ADHD construct was reconceptualized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition …


The Impacts Of Siblings On Development Across The Lifespan, Jeanie K. Cox Jan 2023

The Impacts Of Siblings On Development Across The Lifespan, Jeanie K. Cox

Modern Psychological Studies

Most individuals grow up with siblings, and sibling relationships are some of the longest lasting relationships experienced. Studies that have investigated sibling effects on developmental domains and stages throughout an individual’s life indicate that older siblings have some of the greatest impacts on younger siblings’ social, psychological, and cognitive development. During childhood, sibling relationships revolve around older and younger siblings’ prosocial behaviors. During adolescence, sibling power dynamics shift as older siblings relinquish power to younger siblings. In adulthood, siblings tend to experience increased closeness and decreased conflict as they mature and move away from one another. Information on siblings’ impacts …


A Preliminary Evaluation Of The Effects Of Unfamiliar Music And Focus On Mood, Hailey Holland, Yasuhiro Ozuru, Mychal A. Machado Jan 2023

A Preliminary Evaluation Of The Effects Of Unfamiliar Music And Focus On Mood, Hailey Holland, Yasuhiro Ozuru, Mychal A. Machado

Modern Psychological Studies

In this study researchers evaluated whether self-reported moods would be differentially affected by the focus of attention (i.e., focusing on the music vs. focusing on one’s own mood), and whether unfamiliar music from different periods would differentially affect reported moods. Participants (N = 75) were assigned to two focus conditions randomly and filled out the Brief Mood Introspection Scale (BMIS) while listening to nine music selections representing three different musical periods. Results showed that focusing on music rather than one’s own internal mood elicited a higher magnitude of mood responses, and that people tended to experience differences in mood as …


Effects Of Big Five Personality Traits On Self-Perceived Anxiety Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jasmine Choi Jan 2023

Effects Of Big Five Personality Traits On Self-Perceived Anxiety Before And During The Covid-19 Pandemic, Jasmine Choi

Modern Psychological Studies

Previous researchers have demonstrated correlations between openness, conscientiousness, and neuroticism with one’s perceived anxiety levels. People who tend to be highly neurotic indicate greater levels of anxiety, while those who are open and conscientious tend to portray the opposite. The Big Five Personality Traits were examined in the predictive effects they had on the self-perception of anxiety prior to and during the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Students attending Union College were asked to report their anxiety levels from the academic year prior to COVID-19 and the year during COVID, as well as the Ten-Item Personality Inventory. Participants high in …


The Relationship Between Autism And Suicide: Risk Factors And Potential Mitigation Strategies, Derica J. Su, Tanya L. Procyshyn Jan 2023

The Relationship Between Autism And Suicide: Risk Factors And Potential Mitigation Strategies, Derica J. Su, Tanya L. Procyshyn

Modern Psychological Studies

Suicide is a major problem worldwide, but individuals with autism may be at particular risk due to multiple factors—perceived burdensomeness, thwarted belonging, and capability for suicide, according to the IPTS model for suicidality as modified by Pelton and Cassidy (2017). This article focuses on these three factors and proposes a new feature of the model: the intersection between perceived burdensomeness and thwarted belonging. Existing suicide support mechanisms for young adults with autism without intellectual disability that target the main components of the model will be critiqued, and areas for further improvement will be suggested. Potential areas for future inquiry may …


To Read Or To Listen: The Effect Of Text-To-Speech Software And Accents On Comprehension Of Digital Media, Lily Kiamanesh, Dillon Murphy, Alan Castel Jan 2023

To Read Or To Listen: The Effect Of Text-To-Speech Software And Accents On Comprehension Of Digital Media, Lily Kiamanesh, Dillon Murphy, Alan Castel

Modern Psychological Studies

Text-to-speech software is a popular tool for consuming information for school, work, and recreation. This study examined two aspects of text-to-speech information exposure: the effect of audio/text modality and type of accent. In Experiment one, participants received material presented in a text-only, audio-only, or dual format. Those who received the material as text-only had significantly higher scores on a comprehension test and higher score predictions than those in the audio-only condition. In Experiment two, participants were presented with audio material in a text-to-speech-generated U.S. English, Mandarin Chinese, or Italian accent. Results revealed that accent did not significantly impact retention or …


Expectations In Film Relationships: The Suffocation Model In Motion Pictures, Rachel Mcneil, Lindsay C. Morton Jan 2023

Expectations In Film Relationships: The Suffocation Model In Motion Pictures, Rachel Mcneil, Lindsay C. Morton

Modern Psychological Studies

The suffocation model states that marriage expectations in American culture have changed across time (Finkel et al., 2014). To test whether or not the tenets of this model appear in popular media, we examined the representation of love, belonging, esteem, and self-actualization needs in romantic relationships of films from the companionate era (1850-1965) and the self-expressive era (1965-present). Participants (N = 56) rated need fulfillment and expectations within the main romantic relationship in an assigned film. The results suggest that the shift in needs posited by the suffocation model was reflected in high-grossing romance films from the past 100 years. …


The Innocent Bystander: A Scenario Based Study On The Impact Of Leadership Gossip, Samantha Lobins, Amanda Cruz Lesswing, Julia Anglin, Katrina Johnson, Kristen Black Jan 2023

The Innocent Bystander: A Scenario Based Study On The Impact Of Leadership Gossip, Samantha Lobins, Amanda Cruz Lesswing, Julia Anglin, Katrina Johnson, Kristen Black

Modern Psychological Studies

The purpose of this study was to understand how witnessing workplace gossip between a supervisor and an employee in a hypothetical scenario impacts ratings of acceptability of gossip behavior, leader quality ratings, relationship quality, and future comfort with the leader. Data were gathered from 207 college students who read a scenario involving gossip, which varied in the target (about oneself or another) and the domain (about work or personal matters) and then responded to a series of questions about the scenario. Across all four scenarios, leaders received fairly unfavorable ratings for participating in gossip behavior. However, we did not find …


The Relationship Between Religiosity And Mental Health During The Covid-19 Quarantine, Luisauny Gomez, Jeremiah Sullins Jan 2023

The Relationship Between Religiosity And Mental Health During The Covid-19 Quarantine, Luisauny Gomez, Jeremiah Sullins

Modern Psychological Studies

Social isolation has become a public policy under the current circumstances. This isolation can lead to a life imbalance that is believed to affect physical, psychological, and spiritual well-being. Previous research shows that both, a defined sense of religiosity or affirmative secularity, can yield progressive emotional outcomes due to multiple factors such as community support, sense of structure, life guidance, mindfulness and a sense of unity with the world. However, a gap exists in the extant literature regarding the relationship between mental health and religiosity during global pandemics. To address this gap, this study sought to answer the following question: …


Effects Of A Brief Exposure To Nature Or Social Media On Psychological Well-Being, Megan C. Hall, Samantha L. Mcmichael, Virginia Sy Kwan Jan 2023

Effects Of A Brief Exposure To Nature Or Social Media On Psychological Well-Being, Megan C. Hall, Samantha L. Mcmichael, Virginia Sy Kwan

Modern Psychological Studies

Social media has enhanced our ability to connect with each other globally; however, social media is not necessarily beneficial. Given the potential negative impact of social media use on psychological well-being, it is important to identify resources that may buffer this impact. One resource may be exposure to nature. Participants exposed to nature scenes experienced less negative affect compared to those exposed to social media. Those who spent more time outside tended to experience decreased negative affect when they viewed both social media and nature photos, but when viewing only social media, they experienced increased negative affect. Relations between humans, …


Perceived Marginalization, Social Support, And Mental Health: The Role Of Parasocial Relationships, Madison Christy, Aimee Adam Jan 2023

Perceived Marginalization, Social Support, And Mental Health: The Role Of Parasocial Relationships, Madison Christy, Aimee Adam

Modern Psychological Studies

The purpose of the current study was to extend previous research (Woznicki et al., 2020) to see if parasocial relationships (PSRs) with figures from various social media platforms might be beneficial for those lower in real-life social support. We predicted that there would be a negative relationship between social support and perceptions of marginalization, loneliness, and depression, but that for people who perceived themselves as marginalized, the relationship between social support and loneliness would change depending on the strength of their PSR. In this correlational study, 135 participants took an online Qualtrics survey which assessed social media use, PSR strength, …


Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (Asmr) Use In College Students, Pratibha Gautam, Gina Mariano, Frank Hammonds Jan 2023

Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (Asmr) Use In College Students, Pratibha Gautam, Gina Mariano, Frank Hammonds

Modern Psychological Studies

Autonomous Sensory Meridian Response (ASMR) is the experience of tingling sensations in the crown and back of the head as a response to a range of audio-visual triggers such as whispering, tapping, and hand movements (Hostler, 2020). The number of people who produce and utilize ASMR inducing media has increased in the last few years, but little research has been done investigating its use among college students. This experimental study sought to investigate if viewing ASMR videos could reduce heart rate and perceived stress in college students. Twenty participants were shown either an ASMR video or a control video. Before …


Examining The Role Of High School Spiritual Practice And Ways Of Coping In Levels Of Anxiety Among College-Aged Women, Madison Harris, Oyenike Balogun-Mwangi Jan 2023

Examining The Role Of High School Spiritual Practice And Ways Of Coping In Levels Of Anxiety Among College-Aged Women, Madison Harris, Oyenike Balogun-Mwangi

Modern Psychological Studies

Utilizing an online survey, this study aimed to examine the extent to which the encouragement of spiritual practice in high school, current endorsement of daily spiritual experience, and ways of coping, predict anxiety levels among college-aged women (N = 140). Participants were recruited through the use of snowball sampling via email and flyers posted around campus. Data was collected via a demographic questionnaire and self-report measures assessing ways of coping, religiosity, and levels of anxiety among the sample. Results of a multiple regression analysis showed that focusing on and venting of emotions, behavioral disengagement, mental disengagement, and the encouragement of …


Dyadic Aerobic Exercise As Treatment For Social Anxiety: A Randomized Control Trial, Dylan M. Palmer Jan 2023

Dyadic Aerobic Exercise As Treatment For Social Anxiety: A Randomized Control Trial, Dylan M. Palmer

Modern Psychological Studies

This study examines the effects of aerobic exercise, especially dyadic aerobic exercise, on levels of social anxiety. Investigated, also, is the extent to which dimensional moderators of social anxiety play an intermediary role in levels of social anxiety. The present study follows a between subjects, repeated measures, randomized control trial design. All experimental data was derived from self-report measures conducted prior to, during, and at the conclusion of a two-week aerobic exercise regimen. Data analysis was conducted via means comparisons, within subjects and between groups, on various metrics. Our results suggest a greater efficacy of dyadic aerobic exercise over both …


Evaluating The Impact Of The Film "Food Evolution" On Attitudes Towards Genetically Modified Food Crops, Elaine C. House Ms, Megan Fabian, Jessica M. Nolan Phd, Anne M. Royer Phd Jan 2023

Evaluating The Impact Of The Film "Food Evolution" On Attitudes Towards Genetically Modified Food Crops, Elaine C. House Ms, Megan Fabian, Jessica M. Nolan Phd, Anne M. Royer Phd

Modern Psychological Studies

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of film intervention on consumer opinion and behaviors regarding genetically modified (GM) foods. Students, faculty, and community members attended a viewing of the documentary Food Evolution at the University of Scranton and were surveyed pre- and post-viewing. Results show participants who completed the survey after watching the film perceive GM foods as more likely to increase the global food supply and less likely to cause problems for health and the environment compared to those who completed the survey prior to watching the film. Participants were more likely to agree there is a scientific …


The Importance Of Health Anxiety And Emotional Reasoning To Understand Vaccine Hesitancy And Safety Behaviors: Implications For Public Health Campaigns In A Covid-19 Era, Samantha J. Ballas, Kimberli R. Treadwell Jan 2023

The Importance Of Health Anxiety And Emotional Reasoning To Understand Vaccine Hesitancy And Safety Behaviors: Implications For Public Health Campaigns In A Covid-19 Era, Samantha J. Ballas, Kimberli R. Treadwell

Modern Psychological Studies

This study examined the impact of health anxiety and emotional reasoning on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and preventative behaviors, hypothesizing that high anxiety and emotional reasoning would predict lower vaccine hesitancy and higher COVID-19 preventative health behavior after controlling for demographic variables. A large international non-probability convenience sample of 532 individuals consented to an online survey in a cross-sectional period from March through August 2021 (one month following availability of vaccinations in the USA). Participants completed questionnaires online. Findings revealed that health anxiety and general anxiety were significantly correlated with COVID-19 preventative behaviors, including mask wearing and social distancing, and emotional …


The Impact Of School Closures And Isolation On Parents In The Us, Kathryn Stulpin, William Turner, Nicholas Fasciano, Amanda Peirano, Kedai Cheng, Caitlin Brez Jan 2023

The Impact Of School Closures And Isolation On Parents In The Us, Kathryn Stulpin, William Turner, Nicholas Fasciano, Amanda Peirano, Kedai Cheng, Caitlin Brez

Modern Psychological Studies

The COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented global event. Research demonstrates the impact the pandemic had on both parents and children regarding their mental health and learning abilities. The current study examined parents’ experiences during the pandemic. This study had a particular focus on how changes to schooling impacted school experiences and social emotional experiences. The sample was comprised of parents whose children were in K-12 schooling and data was collected during Fall of 2020. The findings suggest that while there were several challenges, parents also reported some positive outcomes. This study serves as a foundation for future research to be …