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Articles 1 - 30 of 40
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Language And Literacy Supports In Early Childhood Classrooms: Comparing Ratings Of Teachers And Observers, Kayla Polk
Language And Literacy Supports In Early Childhood Classrooms: Comparing Ratings Of Teachers And Observers, Kayla Polk
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
A number of early literacy skills, including oral language skills, phonological awareness, alphabet knowledge, and print knowledge, have been identified as precursor skills to later literacy skills and outcomes. Previous research has documented that many early childhood educators lack adequate knowledge and skills to implement practices necessary to foster emergent language and literacy development. This research was conducted to examine early childhood educators’ awareness of their classroom practices supporting language and literacy skills. A 48-item self-rating survey was created based upon dimensions measured by a widely used reliable and valid observation tool. The observation tool was used in 34 teachers’ …
The Wutc Threshold Test: A New Perspective In Olfactory Assessment, William A. Tewalt
The Wutc Threshold Test: A New Perspective In Olfactory Assessment, William A. Tewalt
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
The WUTC Threshold Test is a new test of olfactory ability that focuses on the idea that deficits in olfactory ability are not necessarily generalizable to all odors. Though numerous diseases and disorders have been shown to lead to a loss of olfaction, tests of olfactory sensitivity have been limited to performance detecting a single odor. The WUTC is comprised of five odors that were selected based on differences in how they interact with the olfactory system and the chemical properties they possess. By utilizing a diverse odor profile, relationships between olfactory deficits to certain odors and specific diseases can …
Drinking And Driving: A Bivariate Examination Of Select Correlates Of Drunk Driving Among Adolescents, Linda Cirillo
Drinking And Driving: A Bivariate Examination Of Select Correlates Of Drunk Driving Among Adolescents, Linda Cirillo
Modern Psychological Studies
Using the 2009 YRBS data set, this study examined bivariate correlations between select correlates of drunk driving among adolescents. Results show statistically significant correlations between age at first drink, binge drink, and marijuana use and drunk driving. While there has been a slight downward trend in reported incidents of current drinking and driving among adolescents (CDC, 2012), the social, emotional, and economic costs to families and communities remain high. For these reasons, there is a continued need for education of drinking impairment with adolescents to emphasize that driving is a privilege not a right and can have detrimental consequences when …
Effects Of Minimum Word Counts On Writing Tasks, Steven O'Brien, Verneda P. Hamm Baugh
Effects Of Minimum Word Counts On Writing Tasks, Steven O'Brien, Verneda P. Hamm Baugh
Modern Psychological Studies
The ability of students to successfully fulfill coursework requirements is an important topic in the fields of education as well as psychology. The present study was designed to examine the effects of placing a minimum word count on a writing task. The participants were asked to complete a writing prompt that may or may not have contained a minimum word count. The number of words written for both groups was then analyzed. The data from the two groups showed that there was a significant difference between the group who received a minimum word count and those who did not. The …
Hindsight Bias In The 2012 United States Presidential Election, Judith Gilbert
Hindsight Bias In The 2012 United States Presidential Election, Judith Gilbert
Modern Psychological Studies
Hindsight bias refers to the tendency for people to increase their confidence in a prediction after they've learned the outcome of an event; this is also known as the knew-it-all-along effect. The present study explored hindsight bias in the context of the 2012 United States presidential election. Participants were asked to predict various election outcomes one week before the election and then were asked to reconstruct those predictions one week after the outcome was known. The study showed strong evidence of hindsight bias and this bias did not depend on political affiliation, gender, or prior knowledge.
Narcissism And Altruism Among Undergraduate Business And Religion Majors, Dillon Jones, Kerri Carden, Randy Carden
Narcissism And Altruism Among Undergraduate Business And Religion Majors, Dillon Jones, Kerri Carden, Randy Carden
Modern Psychological Studies
Research has suggested links between narcissism, unethical behavior, and undergraduate business majors. It has been theorized that altruism has a negative relationship with narcissism and research has suggested that religiosity is linked to disapproval of the unethical. Based on this information, the current study hypothesized that business majors would score higher on narcissism than religion majors, measured as selfism using the Phares and Erskine Selfism Test. The current study also hypothesized that religion majors would score higher on altruism than business majors, measured by Johnson's Self-Report Altruism Scale. Forty-one male and 27 female undergraduates majoring in either business or religion …
What A Girl Wants: Female Mate Selection In Terms Of Monetary Resources And Number Of Children, Stefanit Tucker
What A Girl Wants: Female Mate Selection In Terms Of Monetary Resources And Number Of Children, Stefanit Tucker
Modern Psychological Studies
Several evolutionary theories provide the framework for assessing modern mate selection. Previous research in female mate selection has left a gap in whether and how number of children a male has can impact the perception of monetary resources he possesses and subsequently his desirability as a mate. The present investigation thus set out to examine resource-related differences among males with average ($50,001-75,000) and above average incomes (>$150,000) by analyzing data available through the online dating website, match.com. Furthermore, the geographic locations of New York, New York and Louisville, Kentucky were used to both refine results but also maintain genera …
"I'Ll Sleep When I'M Dead": Exploring The Relationship Between Fatigue, Memory, Feeling, And Mood States Among College Students, Lanie Foutch, Rachel Bollinger, Randy Carden
"I'Ll Sleep When I'M Dead": Exploring The Relationship Between Fatigue, Memory, Feeling, And Mood States Among College Students, Lanie Foutch, Rachel Bollinger, Randy Carden
Modern Psychological Studies
This study investigated the relationship between sleep and scores on fatigue, with memory, feeling, and mood states. Eighty-two participants completed the Piper Fatigue Scale (Berger et al., 2009), the Semantic Differential Feeling and Mood Scale (Lorr & Wunderlich, 1988), and a memory test (Polzella, 1975). A significant correlation was found between the scores on the Piper Fatigue Scale and scores on the Semantic Differential Feeling and Mood scale, but memory test scores and the Piper Fatigue scale scores were unrelated. The correlation between fatigue, feeling, and mood states indicates that fatigue was negatively correlated with feelings and moods such as …
An Introspective Analysis Of The Etiological Relationships Of Psychopathy In Serial Killers And Successful Business Men, Krystina L. Quow
An Introspective Analysis Of The Etiological Relationships Of Psychopathy In Serial Killers And Successful Business Men, Krystina L. Quow
Modern Psychological Studies
Ted Bundy. Jeffrey Dahmer. Charles Manson. Decades following their acts of violence, their names continue to incite fear as well as perplexity into the motivations that brought about their heinous crimes. As individuals possessing psychopathic personalities, they used their charm and quick wit to both manipulate and gain the trust of their victims. While their names do not elicit the same emotional response as Bundy or Manson, Bernie Madoff and Steve Jobs may also express the symptomology characteristic of psychopathy. But rather than committing violent crimes, they channeled their talents to the advancement of their careers and toward financial gain. …
Personality As A Moderator Of The Relationship Between Stress And Academic Deviance, Aaron Williams
Personality As A Moderator Of The Relationship Between Stress And Academic Deviance, Aaron Williams
Modern Psychological Studies
Academic deviance poses a continual threat to the education system from its persistence through generations and its presence in almost every form of institutionalized education (Davis et al., 1992). The aim of the present study was to integrate both situational and individual components of stress to examine their influence on academic deviance while testing the moderating role of trait impulsiveness on the degree of academic deviance displayed. Participants were 125 (98 women, 27 men) college students at a private university in the southern region of the United States. The Academic Dishonesty Inventory (Lucas, 2005) was used to measure academic deviance, …
The Effect Of Value Congruence On Work Related Attitudes And Behaviors, Wing Man Leung
The Effect Of Value Congruence On Work Related Attitudes And Behaviors, Wing Man Leung
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Research has demonstrated that value congruence has the potential to influence work-related outcomes such as turnover intention (Amos & Weathington, 2008). However, few studies have evaluated the variables that may mediate the relationship between value congruence and work outcomes. The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effects of job satisfaction and organizational commitment on the relationship between work value congruence and employee behaviors. An advertisement was placed on social networking websites to invite individuals to complete the questionnaire. The results revealed that job satisfaction and normative commitment mediated the relationship between work value congruence and turnover intention. …
Personal Factors That Influence Meaning And Prioritizatin In Work-Nonwork Roles, Lindsay Ware Benitez
Personal Factors That Influence Meaning And Prioritizatin In Work-Nonwork Roles, Lindsay Ware Benitez
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
The importance an individual places on one role over another is captured by a person’s identity salience, which can affect how work and nonwork roles are viewed and how one allocates time and resources to these roles. Within the literature there is a need to further understand what personal factors may influence the development of a person’s identity salience and ultimately contribute to the choices people make surrounding work and nonwork domains. The present study was designed to assess the impact of four higher order values that contribute to a person’s identity salience. Also examined was the potential impact of …
Relationships Among Nursing Burnout, The Big Five Personality Factors, And Overall Self-Concept: The Impact Of Assessing Common Method Variance, Matthew Thomas Ecie
Relationships Among Nursing Burnout, The Big Five Personality Factors, And Overall Self-Concept: The Impact Of Assessing Common Method Variance, Matthew Thomas Ecie
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the extent to which common method variance (CMV) impacted many of the relationships between personality traits and the construct of burnout among registered nurses. It was hypothesized that once CMV was calculated and controlled for, relationships between personality traits and burnout would be weakened. Data were collected from working registered nurses (N = 274) and from BSN student nurses (N = 8). Scales measuring the IPIP Big Five, burnout, hardiness, core self-evaluation, optimism, and stress in general were combined to create a survey questionnaire. Results indicated burnout among nurses was significantly …
Competency-Based Versus Task-Based Job Descriptions: Effects On Applicant Attraction, Candace Leann Hawkes
Competency-Based Versus Task-Based Job Descriptions: Effects On Applicant Attraction, Candace Leann Hawkes
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
In order for organizations to attract applicants, they need to ensure they are using attractive recruitment materials. Previous research has failed to examine the effect of varying types of job description formats on applicants’ level of attraction to an organization. This study examined applicants’ attraction to organizations based on competency-based and task-based job descriptions. A total of 258 participants were from a Southeastern university, representing three different majors. The job descriptions were individualized based on academic major. Participants read both competency and task-based job descriptions and rated their attraction to each organization. The Big Five and Love of Learning measures …
Challenge And Hinderance Stressor Appraisals, Personal Resources, And Work Engagement Among K-12 Teachers, Isaac Benjamin Thompson
Challenge And Hinderance Stressor Appraisals, Personal Resources, And Work Engagement Among K-12 Teachers, Isaac Benjamin Thompson
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Stress has long been conceptualized as consisting of two factors, eustress, or good stress, and distress, or bad stress (Selye, 1956). The occupational stress literature identifies challenge stressors as those associated with favorable outcomes, and hindrance stressors as those associated with negative outcomes (Cavanaugh, Boswell, Roehling, & Boudreau, 2000). The current study had three objectives: 1) to investigate occupational level stressor appraisal by K-12 teachers, 2) to explore how the perception of the availability of resources influences individual level stressor appraisal, and 3) to test differential outcomes of challenge and hindrance stress. Results indicate that K-12 teachers appraise workload as …
A Resource Management Perspective On Work Design, Whitney Lane Huskey
A Resource Management Perspective On Work Design, Whitney Lane Huskey
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Chronic, negative, uninterrupted stress, specifically in the workplace, can lead to a variety of health issues as well as decreased job satisfaction and increased intentions to turnover within an organization. An important part of managing this negative stress is identifying the specific factors that contribute to it. The present study focuses on the negative consequences of occupational stress by identifying the work design characteristics that influence an individual’s perception of resource drain or gain and, ultimately, occupational stress. It is hypothesized that positive task characteristics, knowledge characteristics, social characteristics, and work context associated with the work environment will negatively correlate …
Olfactory Working Memory: The Role Of Perceived Odor Name-Ability, Spencer Lawrence Macadams
Olfactory Working Memory: The Role Of Perceived Odor Name-Ability, Spencer Lawrence Macadams
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship among three factors: perceived odorant name ability, whether the odorant was ingested through a single nostril or both nostrils, and how the odorant is represented in working memory. Participants smelled odorants through the left or right nostril or with both nostrils and then provided an identifying label for each odor and rated how accurately their label represented the odor. After a short delay, the participants were given a new stimulus set consisting of new and old odorants. Participants were asked to provide a label for the odor and determine whether …
Understanding Organizational Wellness: The Impact Of Perceived Organizational Support, Motivation, And Barriers On The Effectiveness Of Wellness Programs, Aaron Owsley Manier
Understanding Organizational Wellness: The Impact Of Perceived Organizational Support, Motivation, And Barriers On The Effectiveness Of Wellness Programs, Aaron Owsley Manier
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Organizational wellness programs can serve as a powerful tool for organizations to improve the health and well-being of employees. As organizational wellness grows in popularity and implementation, organizations should seek to understand employee perceptions of these programs to maximize their effectiveness and use. The present study examined the effect of perceived organizational support of wellness, core self-evaluation, and motivation/interest for wellness programs on wellness program use and satisfaction. This effect was tested with barriers to use and participative wellness design as possible mediators. Motivation and interest had a strong and direct effect on program use and satisfaction, while both organizational …
Odor Sensitivity And The Presence Of P-Cresol, Jessica Mi Mckinney
Odor Sensitivity And The Presence Of P-Cresol, Jessica Mi Mckinney
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Olfactory function declines throughout the different stages of kidney disease. End-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients have experienced improved olfactory function after dialysis, leading some researchers to suspect uremic toxins as the cause of olfactory decline (Raff et al., 2008; Bomback & Raff, 2011). It is thought that p-cresol is the specific uremic toxin to cause a decline in olfactory function because it is not easily filtered out of the blood during dialysis (Meijers et al., 2010). The study sought to set up a control group for future studies by demonstrating p-cresol is not in the blood of healthy participants and …
Can't We All Just Get Along? The Impact Of Goal Orientation On The Coach-Athlete Relationship And Coach-Athlete Communication, Meredith J. Nordbrock
Can't We All Just Get Along? The Impact Of Goal Orientation On The Coach-Athlete Relationship And Coach-Athlete Communication, Meredith J. Nordbrock
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Research has demonstrated that the coach-athlete relationship is one of the key interpersonal factors that influences outcomes such as performance (Sánchez, Borrás, Leite, Battaglia, & Lorenzo, 2009), satisfaction with performance (Jowett & Don Carolis, 2003), and dropout rates (Fraser-Thomas, Côté, & Deakin, 2008). However, relatively little is known about the factors necessary to achieve and/or maintain a high-quality coach-athlete relationship. Building upon Jowett and Poczwardowski’s (2007) integrated research model, this study of 355 coach-athlete dyads explored how congruence (i.e., similarity, fit) of goal orientation (GO) impacted the quality of the coach-athlete relationship and coach-athlete communication. Specifically, it was hypothesized that …
Sequential Lineups Reduce Unconscious Transference And Mistaken Lineup Identification: But At What Cost?, Paul Rosenberg
Sequential Lineups Reduce Unconscious Transference And Mistaken Lineup Identification: But At What Cost?, Paul Rosenberg
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Adult participants were shown one of two versions of a video portraying a theft. In the transference condition the video contained a scene with the bystander. The control condition did not have the bystander, but another person in his place. In Experiment 1 participants in both conditions were shown a sequential bystander present culprit absent lineup. Transference participants were significantly more likely to misidentify the bystander as the thief than control participants, an effect that was small in magnitude when compared to previous studies. Experiment 2 used the same materials and procedures, except the bystander was replaced in the lineup …
Perceptions Of Confessions By Juvenile Suspects: Effects Of Interrogation Technique And Suspect Age, Kelsey Ana Villamarin
Perceptions Of Confessions By Juvenile Suspects: Effects Of Interrogation Technique And Suspect Age, Kelsey Ana Villamarin
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Juvenile suspects are far more prone than adults to make false confessions. Two interrogation techniques known as Minimization (gentle, friendly approach used to gain suspect’s trust) and Maximization (coercive approach using harsh questioning and scare tactics) have been used frequently in cases of proven false confessions in juveniles. The present research examined perceptions of a juvenile suspect’s confession in four hundred sixty four participants recruited from psychology courses. They read a sexual assault vignette involving a 12- or 16- year-old male suspect and police interview excerpts utilizing either Minimization or Maximization interrogation techniques. Participants’ views depended on their gender, the …
Factors Of Cultural Perception Of Depression: An Analysis Of Students At The University Of Tennessee At Chattanooga, Rachel Brosius
Factors Of Cultural Perception Of Depression: An Analysis Of Students At The University Of Tennessee At Chattanooga, Rachel Brosius
Honors Theses
This study focuses on the perceptions and beliefs of a population of students from the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga toward depression and the contributing cultural factors behind its high prevalence. The study is broken into eight sections that contribute to the overall understanding of depression in Tennessee. First, the current literature on depression and stigmata related to mental illness is examined to catalogue the findings ofresearchers with similar interests. Following this the data collection methods I took to gain the data used in this study are explained as well as the demographic elements of the study. Next the data …
Sex Differences In Multiple Dimensions Of Jealousy, Kayla Corzine
Sex Differences In Multiple Dimensions Of Jealousy, Kayla Corzine
Modern Psychological Studies
The present study distributed surveys to 98 college students (31 freshmen, 28 sophomores, 25 juniors, and 14 seniors) to explore both evolutionary psychology and social cognitive theories on jealousy. To examine the relationship between sexes in multiple dimensions of jealousy, Pfeffer and Wong's Multidimensional Jealousy Survey was given to measure cognitive, behavioral, and emotional jealousy (1989). There were no significant differences between sexes and any of the jealousy subscales. The traditional forced-choice scenario was given to see if there was a sex difference between emotional and sexual jealousy. As predicted, female participants reported that emotional jealousy was more distressing, while …
The Use Of An Ipad As A Classroom Tool, Melissa M. Mcgovern-Trone, Jeremy G. Turner
The Use Of An Ipad As A Classroom Tool, Melissa M. Mcgovern-Trone, Jeremy G. Turner
Modern Psychological Studies
The Apple "i" line has been steadily increasing in popularity and many educators believe these devices offer great potential as instructional adjuncts. Many schools (including colleges) have begun issuing iPads to students with the assumption that they would enhance the students' educational experience. Little experimental evidence has been produced supporting this claim. This study was an attempt to experimentally evaluate the effectiveness of iPads on learning educational material. Participant's interest and enjoyment while using the iPad versus traditional material presentation (paper images or physical models) were also examined. Participants were randomly assigned to learn 24 anatomical brain structures using one …
Correlates Of Life Satisfaction And Acculturation Among University Students, Carrie D. Morrison, Susan E. Mason
Correlates Of Life Satisfaction And Acculturation Among University Students, Carrie D. Morrison, Susan E. Mason
Modern Psychological Studies
The present study compared correlations between life satisfaction, acculturation, socioeconomic status, and social support for students born in the United States and for students not born in the United States. Acculturation scores differed significantly between American-born and foreign born participants, while life satisfaction scores did not, indicating that living in a new country is not necessarily a negative experience for college-age students. Furthermore, acculturation to the host culture, that is, American culture, was found to correlate with life satisfaction among American-born students, and socioeconomic status correlated with acculturation for both groups. We recommend that future acculturation research control for socioeconomic …
Social Identity And Academic Belonging: Creating Environments To Minimize The Achievement Gap Among African American And Latino Students, Joanne C. Skourletos, Mary C. Murphy, Katherine T.U. Emerson, Evelyn A. Carter
Social Identity And Academic Belonging: Creating Environments To Minimize The Achievement Gap Among African American And Latino Students, Joanne C. Skourletos, Mary C. Murphy, Katherine T.U. Emerson, Evelyn A. Carter
Modern Psychological Studies
Stereotype threat is a highly evident phenomenon that has been used to explain why minority groups underperform in academics compared to Caucasians (Steele, 1997; Steele, Spencer, & Aronson, 2002). This study examined whether an induced feeling of belonging (via information about potential), either in the academic or social domain, can attenuate the effects of stereotype threat on the academic performance of African Americans and Latinos. Results suggest that minority students who are told they have either academic potential or are not told any information about potential (i.e., control condition) perform similarly on an IQ test. However, when minority students are …
The Effects Of Emerging Adulthood On Stress And Depression, Christine Cusack, Christopher Merchant
The Effects Of Emerging Adulthood On Stress And Depression, Christine Cusack, Christopher Merchant
Modern Psychological Studies
Many historical theories of development have evolved based on the premise that a person's identity is formed during adolescence. Upon reaching the age of 18, that person is identified as an adult and expected to have achieved a healthy identity. More recent studies suggest that a person continues to develop their identity well into their twenties. This age range is characterized by constant change, instability, and exposure to life stress events. Additional data shows that some people in this cohort do not consider themselves to be an adult, a se if-classification that creates stress and decreased mental health. Researchers are …