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Articles 1 - 30 of 37
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
Exploring And Utilizing The Concept Of Setting Conditions In The Functional Assessment Process, Linda Aldridge, Richard Harrison, Kimberly Harrison, Cherie Blanchat
Exploring And Utilizing The Concept Of Setting Conditions In The Functional Assessment Process, Linda Aldridge, Richard Harrison, Kimberly Harrison, Cherie Blanchat
Journal of Adolescent and Family Health
Functional assessment is embedded in the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) (1997) and Positive Behavioral Supports (PBS) (Horner & Carr, 1997). While the process of functional assessment has helped many students become more successful in the educational setting, it is time to take a deeper look at those conditions from which behaviors originate. Such conditions, referred to in this article as setting conditions, often serve to initiate and sustain inappropriate behaviors that are the focus of the functional assessment. Unless directly analyzed, setting conditions weaken the impact of interventions focused solely upon those factors targeted in the Antecedent Behavior …
Bystanders And Bullying: A Reflective Examination Of College Students' Experiences, Katherine Marie Larsen
Bystanders And Bullying: A Reflective Examination Of College Students' Experiences, Katherine Marie Larsen
Honors Theses
This study examines the individual responses of bystanders to bullying based on situational and personal variables. Using self-report data collected on 935 university students, these variables were used to determine if there was a relationship between the variables and the decision to intervene in a bullying situation for a friend. The results suggested that race, sexual orientation, and direct forms of bullying (physical and cyber bullying) have a relationship between an individual’s choice to intervene in a bullying situation for a friend. The findings failed to support the hypothesis that personal factors such as gender, socio-economic status, and a history …
The Eu's Cookie Cutter, But Not The Eu's Cookie, Sylvia Zdunek
The Eu's Cookie Cutter, But Not The Eu's Cookie, Sylvia Zdunek
Honors Theses
The members of the European Union have never had a common identity that has united them together beyond their geographical definition of "Europe." Since the beginning of the European Union and the introduction of the Euro, the decision makers of the Union have been pushing for a collective European identity. The need for this identity comes from the belief that in order for the Union to be economically sound, it needs an underlying homogenous culture. A unity in identity, values, and ideals is stronger than a unity based solely on a common currency as it lacks personal characteristics that people …
Mystical Experience As Predictor Of Domains Of Religious And Spiritual Self Identification: Empirical And Theoretical Considerations, Sara E. Hall-Mckane
Mystical Experience As Predictor Of Domains Of Religious And Spiritual Self Identification: Empirical And Theoretical Considerations, Sara E. Hall-Mckane
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
The concept of spirituality has emerged as a major focal point in both the theoretical and empirical study of religion. Whether the emergence of spirituality is a dimension of religion or a separate and distinct construct has been the subject of much debate among scholars. The philosophical arguments proposed on either side have underscored the need for further research into just what spirituality is and is not. An ongoing transition from a more religious to a more spiritual self identification is evident at least in the United States (Roof & Greer, 1993, 1999; Pargament, 1999). Using the data collected from …
Parental Involvement During Adolescence And Contraceptive Use In College, Caroline Payne Purvis, Rosemary V. Barnett, Larry Forthun
Parental Involvement During Adolescence And Contraceptive Use In College, Caroline Payne Purvis, Rosemary V. Barnett, Larry Forthun
Journal of Adolescent and Family Health
The current study aimed to explore the relationships between parental involvement during adolescence on sexual behaviors among college students. Research has shown that parental involvement decreases as students move from high school to college, but the impact that parents had on their students while in high school continues into college. It is important to determine if one factor relating to the number of sexual partners, sexual activity, and contraceptive use is parental involvement during adolescence. After approval from the Institutional Review Board (IRB), an online survey using Survey Monkey was administered to a convenience sample of undergraduate students in a …
An Innovative Approach To Improving Father-Child Relationships For Fathers Who Are Noncompliant With Child Support Payments: A Mixed Methods Evaluation, John R. Gallagher, Joan R. Rycraft, Tommy Jordan
An Innovative Approach To Improving Father-Child Relationships For Fathers Who Are Noncompliant With Child Support Payments: A Mixed Methods Evaluation, John R. Gallagher, Joan R. Rycraft, Tommy Jordan
Journal of Adolescent and Family Health
Mixed methods were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the Fathers Offering Children Unfailing Support (FOCUS) program. FOCUS is a diversion program which is designed to offer an alternative to incarceration for fathers who are noncompliant with child support payments. Quantitative data were collected through a pretest/posttest design (n = 55) and qualitative data were collected through telephone interviews with FOCUS instructors (n = 2) and community key stakeholders (n = 5) and focus groups with FOCUS participants (n = 76). FOCUS appears to be benefiting children by increasing their fathers’ emotional support, strengthening co-parenting relationships, and promoting their fathers’ …
Female Mating Adaptations: Salient Features And The Influence Of Fertility Status, Katherine Melton
Female Mating Adaptations: Salient Features And The Influence Of Fertility Status, Katherine Melton
Modern Psychological Studies
Modern human beings share the adaptive mating strategies of their ancestral predecessors, even though the adaptive environment is a relic of the past. Due to the large parental investment mammalian females must contribute in order to reproduce, women face unique challenges in their quest for reproductive fitness. This review endeavors to address behavioral, strategic, and perceptual shifts in female mating adaptations within the context of the menstrual cycle in order to yield a greater understanding of modern women and the evolutionary basis for behavior.
Recovery Is Developmental: An Exploration Of Eriksonian Psychosocial Theory Adapted To Eating Disorder Recovery, Ashley Fee
Modern Psychological Studies
This qualitative study investigated women's experiences of recovery from an eating disorder using an adaptation of Erikson's stage theory of recovery from mental illness. Five female participants, ages 20-40 years old and who identified as having an eating disorder and going through some form of treatment, were interviewed regarding their development, experience, and recovery from an eating disorder after completing the EAT-26 survey. Participants' responses were analyzed using open, axial, and selective coding. Three influences within the recovery process emerged through the analysis: personal (self), transitional, and interpersonal (social). The analysis suggests that an adaptation of Erikson 's developmental theory …
Physiological Arousal Response To Differing Musical Genres, Ericka Kelley, Gabrielle Andrick, Fayelin Benzenbower, Marlene Devia
Physiological Arousal Response To Differing Musical Genres, Ericka Kelley, Gabrielle Andrick, Fayelin Benzenbower, Marlene Devia
Modern Psychological Studies
Music is a complex medium that has social, psychological, and physiological implications. Music elicits early emotional responses (arousal) in the sympathetic nervous system, that later become consciously recognized emotions. We investigated how music genre effects physiological arousal by measuring participant skin conductance level (SCL). Physiological responses of 19 participants (3 male, mean age 23 years) were recorded by way of the iWorx 214 Psychophysiology Teaching Kit. The stimuli were four different genres of music: classical, Dubstep, Celtic, and big band (swing). Stimuli were presented to participants in one of four counterbalanced blocks. Participants' highest SCL matched their reported genre preference …
The Measurement Of Attitudes Toward Abortion, Michael G. Taylor, George I. Whitehead
The Measurement Of Attitudes Toward Abortion, Michael G. Taylor, George I. Whitehead
Modern Psychological Studies
Attitudes towards abortion have been a focal point within politics and religion for many years. Many methods have been created to test these attitudes. For example, Hess and Rueb created a 13-item scale and demonstrated its validity. However, this scale has several potential shortcomings. The developers did not report the reliability of the scale and its factor structure. Further, this scale includes a neutral point and legal language. One of the purposes of the present study was to develop a 12-item scale to address these issues. The present study compares and contrasts these two scales. Psychology student's participated in this …
Terror Management Theory: A Theoretical Perspective On Orgination, Maintenance, And Research, Robert B. Arrowood, J. Brian Pope
Terror Management Theory: A Theoretical Perspective On Orgination, Maintenance, And Research, Robert B. Arrowood, J. Brian Pope
Modern Psychological Studies
Research suggests that humans engage in several worldview defense mechanisms to shield against the terror associated with an awareness of mortality (Greenberg, Pyszczynski, & Solomon, 1986). To mitigate anxiety, people strongly adhere to their cultural worldviews that allow them to boost their self-esteem. This self-esteem fosters a sense of immortality because the world is considered a 'just" place that will not harm someone that is living in adherence to cultural guidelines (Rosenblatt, Greenberg, Solomon, Pyszczynski, & Lyon, 1989). This paper provides a theoretical background for Terror Management Theory including its philosophical origination, the primary tenets of the theory, and the …
Bullying: Bullies, Victims, And Witnesses, Loyd White, Frank Hammonds, Karena T. Valkyrie
Bullying: Bullies, Victims, And Witnesses, Loyd White, Frank Hammonds, Karena T. Valkyrie
Modern Psychological Studies
This study examines bullying by focusing on bullies, victims, and witnesses. In an effort to examine long-term correlates of bullying, we asked university students about their experiences with bullying in middle school. We administered a 65 question survey to 191 college students from several university campuses. The survey was made up of the Handling Bullying Questionnaire (Bauman, Rigby & Hoppa, 2008), the Bullying Prevalence Questionnaire (Rigby & Slee, 2003), the Revised Pro-Victim Scale (Rigby, 1997), and 13 researcher created questions which dealt with the participants' experiences with bullying. We hypothesized that rates of bullying would be high and that the …
Shared Neural Circuits: The Connection Between Social And Physical Pain, Laura A. Andrews, Theresa E. Didonato
Shared Neural Circuits: The Connection Between Social And Physical Pain, Laura A. Andrews, Theresa E. Didonato
Modern Psychological Studies
Interpersonal rejection, exclusion, and loss are known to produce painful feelings (Eisenberger, Lieberman, & Williams, 2003), but little is know about the neural network underlying this type of pain. Recent evidence suggests this social pain may have important neural connections with physical pain (Eisenberger et al., 2003). The current literature review explores the connection between social pain and physical pain in neural activity, individual differences (e.g., pain sensitivity), situation appraisal, social support, and pain reducers (e.g., acetaminophen). The review examines the overlapping pain system as an evolutionary adaptation necessary for survival (MacDonald & Leary, 2005). Authentic experiences of social rejection …
Strategies For Recruitment And Retention Of Teen Mothers In A Program To Prevent Repeat Pregnancy, Jeannette E. South-Paul, Collette N. Ncube, Chyongchiou J. Lin, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Ruth N. Kagwima, Emily A. Wheeler, Annamore Matambanadzo, Ayotunde Adeyeye
Strategies For Recruitment And Retention Of Teen Mothers In A Program To Prevent Repeat Pregnancy, Jeannette E. South-Paul, Collette N. Ncube, Chyongchiou J. Lin, Mary Patricia Nowalk, Ruth N. Kagwima, Emily A. Wheeler, Annamore Matambanadzo, Ayotunde Adeyeye
Journal of Adolescent and Family Health
Background: We describe challenges to recruitment and retention of teen mothers in a study to prevent repeat teen pregnancies, and strategies used to overcome them. Methods: We documented recruitment efforts, the teens who were retained at each stage of the intervention and changes to strategies. Results: Challenges to recruitment and retention were related to lifestyles, immaturity, and competing demands, among others. Successful strategies included bus advertisements, early pairing of teens with mentors, using electronic media, convenient meeting times with a meal, providing child care, transportation vouchers and immediate incentives. Conclusions: This study highlights impediments to teen mother research recruitment and …
Faith And Homosexuality: Grace, Religious Problem-Solving Styles And The Internalized Homophobia Of Homosexuals, Maria R. Matty
Faith And Homosexuality: Grace, Religious Problem-Solving Styles And The Internalized Homophobia Of Homosexuals, Maria R. Matty
Honors Theses
The current research examines the grace-orientation and problem-solving styles of gay and lesbian people of faith relative to their relationship with God and the extent, if any, of their internalized homonegativity. This issue was investigated using psychological measures involving a) the style of religious problem-solving, b) internalized homonegativity, c) feelings of shame and guilt and d) personal experiences of grace. Statistical analyses found that having less homonegativity toward oneself and the disclosure of homosexuality is associated with higher levels of experienced grace and lower feelings of shame and guilt. Collaborative and deferring religious problem-solving styles correlated positively with both experienced …
Tunisia: Democracy And Islam In Post-Arab Spring Politics, Mary E. Shults
Tunisia: Democracy And Islam In Post-Arab Spring Politics, Mary E. Shults
Honors Theses
Since the ousting of the former regime and the first free and fair elections in 2011 in Tunisia, political Islamist parties have been in the majority. The ruling party did not have a mandate, which necessitated concessions. Nonetheless, religion, balanced with a history of institutional secularism enforced by a dictator, has impacted the creation of a democracy. Inequality and repression drove protestors to the streets to demand new governance. These problems, along with religion and societal norms, influence the meaning of democracy in Tunisia. This paper will explore the thin lines between religion, democracy and the everyday politics of Tunisia, …
Tennessee: The Birth And Development Of Performance-Based Funding In Higher Education, Evan Williams
Tennessee: The Birth And Development Of Performance-Based Funding In Higher Education, Evan Williams
Honors Theses
Tennessee was the first state to introduce performance based funding metrics into their higher education system in 1979. Over the past 30+ years, the state reevaluated and amended their formula every five years. What was initially an additional allocation that could be earned on top of an institution’s standard budget has now become the sole method of allocating funds for higher education in Tennessee. In 2010 the Tennessee legislature passed the Complete College Tennessee Act, Which put the state on the path to be the first state in the nation that allocates 100% of higher education funds on the basis …
Assessing Executive Function As It Relates To Self-Regulation, Sarah K. Finley
Assessing Executive Function As It Relates To Self-Regulation, Sarah K. Finley
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Slips of action are cognitive errors that occur during routine tasks in everyday life (Clark, Parakh, Smilek, & Roy, 2012). Minimizing these everyday errors involves executive function, a system of complementary cognitive processes that enable control over thoughts and actions, including attention, inhibition, cognitive switching, and maintaining and manipulating the contents of working memory (Norman & Shallice, 2000). Many aspects of executive function are necessary for self-regulation, or the management of habitual, dominant, prepotent responses (Hamilton, Vohs, Sellier, & Meyvis, 2011). The present study explored the relationship between self-regulation, using self-report questionnaires, and executive function, using task-based assessments. Greater self-regulatory …
Effects Of Child Age And Type Of Detail Reported On Credibility Of Child Abuse Allegations, Natalie R. Kulisek
Effects Of Child Age And Type Of Detail Reported On Credibility Of Child Abuse Allegations, Natalie R. Kulisek
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
With repeated experiences, children’s reports of an event tend to contain fewer episodic, contextually embedded details and more inconsistencies. In one prior study, children who experienced a play event four times were rated by mock jurors as less accurate and less believable than children who experienced it once, although there was no difference in their actual accuracy (Connolly, Price, Lavoie, & Gordon, 2008). In the present study, 405 undergraduate students read one of four scenarios of a child sexual abuse allegation in a 2 (age: 4- or 10-years-old) by 2 (experience: single or multiple) factorial design. Overall, regardless of age, …
The Impact Of Sequential Lineups On Unconscious Transference: Does Knowing The Number Of Photos In The Lineup Matter?, Dominick J. Atkinson
The Impact Of Sequential Lineups On Unconscious Transference: Does Knowing The Number Of Photos In The Lineup Matter?, Dominick J. Atkinson
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
Unconscious transference occurs when a witness misidentifies a familiar but innocent person from a lineup. In Ross, Atkinson, Rosenberg, Pica, and Pozullo (2014), the use of a sequential lineup procedure, in which faces are presented one at a time, drastically reduced the unconscious transference error, but at the cost of also reducing the rate of correct identifications. However, in that study, the participants were not told how many faces they would view in the sequential lineup. In the present study, participants viewed a video of a staged crime that did or did not contain a bystander who looked similar to …
Hormones Rule The Roost: Fluctuations Of Olfactory Functioning Throughout The Menstrual Cycle And During Pregnancy, Carrie C. Lemay
Hormones Rule The Roost: Fluctuations Of Olfactory Functioning Throughout The Menstrual Cycle And During Pregnancy, Carrie C. Lemay
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
The relationship of olfactory functioning and hormones is complex, and, for the most part, heterogenous. The present study aims to clarify and or define aspects of this relationship by examining how olfactory thresholds fluctuate in relation to changing hormone levels in two populations: menstruating and pregnant women. A longitudinal study was implemented to assess women at two different times. A total of 72 non-pregnant and 7 pregnant women participated in the first assessment, with a total of 62 non-pregnant and all 7 pregnant women returning for the second assessment. During each examination participants had blood drawn and were administered a …
Cognitive Ability And Computer Simulation, Charles C. Buford
Cognitive Ability And Computer Simulation, Charles C. Buford
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
General Mental Ability (GMA) is the single strongest predictor of future work performance currently available. Tests of GMA used for selection purposes carry potential for adverse impact if used as a primary tool for employee selection; however, a factor of GMA known as Fluid Intelligence (Gf) should represent a more equitable assessment construct. Computer simulations appear to offer some beneficial attributes for selection purposes, but potential negative effects of GMA assessment may carry over to the new medium. In this study, I successfully used a computer simulated game to approximate two tests of Gf with a study of both pilot …
Olfactory Identification, Detection Thresholds, And Sensitivity In Kidney Disease Patients, Joseph Wesley Jones
Olfactory Identification, Detection Thresholds, And Sensitivity In Kidney Disease Patients, Joseph Wesley Jones
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
While there is evidence for a decline in olfactory identification scores for patients with Kidney Disease, there are contradictory results for detection thresholds. Some results indicate higher thresholds while others found similar thresholds or elevated thresholds for one odorant, but not others. The current study evaluated the olfactory abilities with participants diagnosed with Kidney Disease for numerous odorants. No significant differences were found in olfactory identification, detection thresholds, or sensitivity compared to healthy controls. Despite the non-significant results, there did appear a trend of poorer olfactory abilities in Kidney Disease participants. The differences in olfactory performance also varied from odorant …
Examination Of Personality Characteristics Among Cybersecurity And Information Technology Professionals, Sarah E. Freed
Examination Of Personality Characteristics Among Cybersecurity And Information Technology Professionals, Sarah E. Freed
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
An influx of cyber-attacks throughout the past decade has resulted in an increase in demand for cybersecurity professionals. However, the rapid growth of this field has led to a general lack of knowledge regarding the characteristics of individuals and job roles of cybersecurity professionals. This study addresses this gap in the existing literature by evaluating personality characteristics among information technology and cybersecurity professionals. Following an analysis of the facets of the IPIP NEO short form, it was discovered that cybersecurity professionals scored significantly different on Trust, Intellect, Vulnerability, Self-Consciousness, Assertiveness, and Adventurousness when compared to other information technology professional indicating …
Exploring The Use Of Non-Cognitive Factors In Predicting College Academic Outcomes, Ashley D. Cooper
Exploring The Use Of Non-Cognitive Factors In Predicting College Academic Outcomes, Ashley D. Cooper
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
The present study evaluated the incremental utility of a blended model of cognitive and non-cognitive variables versus a cognitive-only set of variables to predict academic success among new college students. Traditional cognitive predictors include high school grade point average and ACT scores. The non-cognitive factors of interest were grit, goal orientation, and academic self-efficacy. It was hypothesized that the blended model would demonstrate stronger predictive validity than cognitive predictors alone, grit would be associated with goal orientations and academic self-efficacy, and that academic self-efficacy would mediate the relationship between other non-cognitive predictors and academic success outcomes. The results from archival …
Factors Related To Depression In End-Stage Renal Disease Patients, Matthew Paul Mccurdy
Factors Related To Depression In End-Stage Renal Disease Patients, Matthew Paul Mccurdy
Masters Theses and Doctoral Dissertations
High prevalence rates of depression have been well documented in patients with chronic kidney disease (Egede, 2007; U.S. Renal Data System, 2013). Furthermore, depression seems to play a major role in the mortality and morbidity rates of this population (Kellerman, Christensen, Baldwin, & Lawton, 2010; U.S. Renal Data System, 2013). Therefore this study aimed to discover factors that may influence depression in this population. Ten end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients’ depression scores were examined in relation to various sociodemographic measures. High depression scores had a significantly negative relationship with social functioning, overall quality of life, and age. A combined model …
Is Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy An Effective Treatment For Autism? A Review, Daniel Dunleavy, Bruce A. Thyer
Is Hyperbaric Oxygen Therapy An Effective Treatment For Autism? A Review, Daniel Dunleavy, Bruce A. Thyer
Journal of Adolescent and Family Health
Objectives: We review outcome studies regarding the effectiveness of hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) for Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD). Method: Studies were identified through electronic bibliographic databases and manual searches of article reference lists. Results: A total of 8 studies met eligibility criteria, consisting of three randomized controlled trials (RCTs), one quasi-experimental study involving a comparison group, two pre-experimental one-group pretest–posttest studies, and two single-system designs. Studies reviewed did not offer credible evidence to suggest that HBOT is an effective treatment for autism. Conclusion: It is premature to call HBOT an effective treatment for Autism and ASD. Individuals clinically treated with …
Introduction To Volume 6, Michael Sherr
Introduction To Volume 6, Michael Sherr
Journal of Adolescent and Family Health
Introduction to Volume 6
An Assessment Of Supervisory Well-Being In A Statewide Guardian Ad Litem Program, David K. Pooler, Johnny Jones
An Assessment Of Supervisory Well-Being In A Statewide Guardian Ad Litem Program, David K. Pooler, Johnny Jones
Journal of Adolescent and Family Health
Guardian ad Litem programs recruit, train, and supervise volunteers who are court-appointed to represent and advocate for the best interests of children in family court proceedings involving allegations of abuse or neglect. This manuscript presents the results of an assessment of supervisory well-being. We assessed 81 supervisors on four measures of well-being and presented a staff development workshop to discuss the findings. The assessment found that Guardian ad Litem supervisors had less social support, lower self-esteem, stronger caregiving identities, and more distress than a comparison group of social workers. We discuss the salience of leadership and supervisory support in promoting …