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Articles 1 - 30 of 487
Full-Text Articles in Social and Behavioral Sciences
"The Only Disability In Life Is A Bad Attitude": A Quantitative Exploration Of The Impacts Of Inspiration Porn, Anna H. Burt, Megan Mccarty
"The Only Disability In Life Is A Bad Attitude": A Quantitative Exploration Of The Impacts Of Inspiration Porn, Anna H. Burt, Megan Mccarty
Modern Psychological Studies
Inspiration porn is a social media representation of visibly disabled individuals performing physical activities accompanied by short motivation captions meant to inspire viewers. Critics of inspiration porn hold that it misrepresents the reality of disability and negatively impacts disabled people. This study aimed to quantitatively explore the impacts of inspiration porn on various disability-related variables, as there is limited research on this topic. We hypothesized that exposure to inspiration porn would increase system justification and belief in a just world, decrease support for disability-related policies, and cause viewers to view disabled individuals as sources of inspiration. We also had several …
Body Image And Social Media In College Students, Elaine M. Kozmiuk, Sawyer Ellis, Mary Pritchard, Heather Schoenherr (Mentor)
Body Image And Social Media In College Students, Elaine M. Kozmiuk, Sawyer Ellis, Mary Pritchard, Heather Schoenherr (Mentor)
Modern Psychological Studies
The current study assessed the relationship between social media appearance-related preoccupation (SMARP), body shame, body surveillance, and social physique anxiety (SPA). Data were collected from 1,049 participants, and a correlational analysis and a hierarchal regression were conducted. Significant relationships were found between body shame, body surveillance, SMARP, and SPA, supporting our hypotheses. Our results confirmed the relationship between SPA and SMARP, adding evidence to a mixed debate about the relationships between SPA and social media use. The researchers found that SPA moderated the relationship between body shame and SMARP. We can conclude that appearance anxieties and appearance-based social media use …
A Historical Analysis And Evaluative Review Of Performance Validity Tests, Lena J. Hull, Jodi B.A. Mckibben
A Historical Analysis And Evaluative Review Of Performance Validity Tests, Lena J. Hull, Jodi B.A. Mckibben
Modern Psychological Studies
Invalid performance on tests, which detect neurological symptoms, is a prevalent issue that disrupts neuropsychological evaluations; therefore, validation of tests which detect invalid performance is critical. This review summarizes eleven performance validity tests (PVTs) and reports two aspects of accuracy, sensitivity and specificity, as these metrics are commonly reported and act as standardized metrics. PVTs are grouped into three categories: the Rey tests, simple forced-choice tests, and complex forced-choice tests. Rey tests were the first to be developed and, though they provided a good foundation for future tests, they yield low sensitivities and specificities. Simple forced-choice tests establish the forced-choice …
Factors Contributing To Viewing Automobile Commuting As A Waste Of Time, Trishyne J. Butler, Jennifer L. Hughes
Factors Contributing To Viewing Automobile Commuting As A Waste Of Time, Trishyne J. Butler, Jennifer L. Hughes
Modern Psychological Studies
Many commuters view their commute as a waste of time. Although there is an ample amount of research on commuting, there is limited research on what negatively impacts the commuting experience. The current study sought to evaluate the relationship between commuters and their everyday commute. The following factors (i.e., gender identity, age, length, unpredictability, delays, time pressures, and congestion) were evaluated to predict seeing one’s commute as a waste of time. We hypothesized that men and younger commuters, as well as those who were unsatisfied with the length, unpredictability, delays, time pressures, and congestion during the commute, would find their …
Attitude Changes Among College Students Post-Pandemic, Alex J. Goncalo, Nicholas S. Zambrotta
Attitude Changes Among College Students Post-Pandemic, Alex J. Goncalo, Nicholas S. Zambrotta
Modern Psychological Studies
The COVID-19 pandemic forced students across the nation to attend school virtually and thus dramatically altered the college experience for many students. Stay at home mandates and loss of social interaction may have contributed to increased isolation and poor mental health. Although mandates have been lifted, and normal college life has resumed in most places, it is unknown if a lingering social impact was left on college students. Numerous studies provide evidence through in-depth examinations indicating altered mental health and psychological behavior of adults, specifically college aged individuals. The present study measured happiness, optimism, and psychological well-being in a sample …
The Impact Of A Pandemic On Education And Mental Health, Jack R. Nadrowski, Susan E. Mason
The Impact Of A Pandemic On Education And Mental Health, Jack R. Nadrowski, Susan E. Mason
Modern Psychological Studies
The present study was exploratory in nature. The main goal was to assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the education and mental health of students. A questionnaire was used to test whether college students felt their mental health needs were being met, whether they thought schools were safe, and whether their attitudes about online learning changed during the pandemic. Students indicated that they had mental health concerns that were not adequately addressed. They also express concerns about school safety and online learning. The data suggest that more needs to be done to address students’ mental health, to make …
Ambiguous Situations Make Me Anxious: Personality Traits And Initiating Social Interaction, Anthony Sego, Aimee Adam
Ambiguous Situations Make Me Anxious: Personality Traits And Initiating Social Interaction, Anthony Sego, Aimee Adam
Modern Psychological Studies
Social interaction is important for human health and happiness, yet it may be in decline. In this study, we examined traits related to whether individuals interact with one another. A structured lab observation was used to determine if participants would interact with a confederate. We also measured their Need for Cognitive Closure (NFCC), Social Anxiety (SA), Intolerance for Uncertainty (IU), and the Big Five personality traits, and examined the relationship between these factors and preferred physical distance from the stranger. Only 20% of all participants interacted with a confederate. Predictors of social interaction included higher scores in the Big Five …
Parental Childhood Rejection: An Exploration Of Anxiety And Depression In Later Life, Rocky Ashburn, Stephanie A. Kazanas
Parental Childhood Rejection: An Exploration Of Anxiety And Depression In Later Life, Rocky Ashburn, Stephanie A. Kazanas
Modern Psychological Studies
Many studies have shown parental rejection can lead to depression. However, research exploring parental rejection and anxiety has been lacking and inconsistent, with some studies suggesting a relationship, while others do not. The current study aimed to examine if the perception of parental rejection in one’s childhood could predict trait anxiety and depression scores among young adults. Our hypothesis was that higher perception of parental rejection in childhood would predict both higher trait anxiety and depression. Study participants included 123 undergraduate students from a Southeastern U.S. university, with all participants being at least 18 years old. Correlations were explored across …
The Impact Of Parent-Child Interactions On Emotion Regulation In Adulthood, Bridget Burgoyne, Holly Grant-Marsney
The Impact Of Parent-Child Interactions On Emotion Regulation In Adulthood, Bridget Burgoyne, Holly Grant-Marsney
Modern Psychological Studies
Childhood is a time where emotional skills are formed. These skills often reflect the primary caregiver(s) modeling and interactions which may shape emotional intelligence. This research aimed to assess if specific parenting approaches have lasting effects on a person’s ability to emotionally regulate. The sample included 141 adults, who responded to questions reflecting the parenting approaches they observed, and their current state of emotional regulation. Results from our regression analysis showed when controlling for age, parental warmth in childhood predicted one’s later ability to use cognitive reappraisal skills. Results from our correlational analysis showed strong positive associations between overindulgence, cognitive …
Motivated Gifts: A Self-Determination Perspective, Sharise Love, Liudmila Titova
Motivated Gifts: A Self-Determination Perspective, Sharise Love, Liudmila Titova
Modern Psychological Studies
Gift-giving can strengthen relationships and facilitate favor requests. Previous researchers have found that 'motivated gifts' (gifts given with the intention of asking a favor) decrease recipients' satisfaction and willingness to help. The current study investigated the role of basic psychological need satisfaction (BPNS) in this effect. BPNS is said to facilitate the integration of autonomous motivation, which was hypothesized to mediate the relationship between motivated gifts and prosociality. In the current study, a sample of 426 undergraduate students was randomly given a hypothetical scenario in which they imagined receiving a motivated gift or not, while also being asked a favor. …
Body Dissatisfaction In College Students: Which Sociocultural Pressure Best Predicts Drive For Thinness?, Sawyer V. Ellis, Elaine M. Kozmiuk, Mary E. Pritchard, Heather Schoenherr
Body Dissatisfaction In College Students: Which Sociocultural Pressure Best Predicts Drive For Thinness?, Sawyer V. Ellis, Elaine M. Kozmiuk, Mary E. Pritchard, Heather Schoenherr
Modern Psychological Studies
Previous literature has suggested that family pressure is the main predictor of drive for thinness (Palladino Green & Pritchard, 2003). Given the growth of social media where thin beauty is glamorized, we wanted to test if this remains true while including multiple factors that may have been disregarded in body-centric studies. Consequently, we asked which sociocultural pressure—family, peers, or media—relates the strongest with body shame, body surveillance, and drive for thinness. A sample of 1,049 undergraduate psychology students, ages 18-29, were surveyed to better understand body dissatisfaction in college students. We predicted that each sociocultural pressure would correlate with body …
The Effects Of Video Game Use On Spatial Ability In A Landmark Memory Task, Brendan T. Jacobs, Christina A. Thrasher, Lauren L. Harburger
The Effects Of Video Game Use On Spatial Ability In A Landmark Memory Task, Brendan T. Jacobs, Christina A. Thrasher, Lauren L. Harburger
Modern Psychological Studies
The present study sought to determine whether playing video games more often improves spatial ability on the landmark memory task. The researchers hypothesized that participants who play video games more often would perform better on the task than those who play video games less often. One hundred seventy-two participants (80 men and 92 women) between the ages of 18 and 26 filled out a questionnaire which asked about video gaming habits prior to a landmark memory task. The landmark memory task consisted of 10-second videos that showed 180-degree views of various locations. At the completion of each video, an image …
Perceived Educational And Entertainment Value Of Positive And Negative Portrayals Of Racial Minority Characters In Films, Hallie Filan, Evan F. Edwards, Kate E. Hembree, Tammy Sonnentag
Perceived Educational And Entertainment Value Of Positive And Negative Portrayals Of Racial Minority Characters In Films, Hallie Filan, Evan F. Edwards, Kate E. Hembree, Tammy Sonnentag
Modern Psychological Studies
Racial/ethnic minority characters are increasing in films; yet, despite increasing representation, less than half (39.7%) of all films in 2020 cast a main character who was a racial/ethnic minority. Because media representations can perpetuate racial/ethnic stereotypes, the present study examined if negative (compared to positive) racial/ethnic representations of Black and Chinese characters (and their cultures) in films impact individuals’ evaluations of the educational and entertainment value of the content. One hundred and eight undergraduate students were randomly assigned to view scenes portraying African American and Chinese characters (and their cultures) positively or negatively from two popular animated films—The Lion King …
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder In Trafficking In Persons Survivors: A Systematic Review, Gavin C. Newberry
Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder In Trafficking In Persons Survivors: A Systematic Review, Gavin C. Newberry
Modern Psychological Studies
This systematic review examines post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) prevalence in adult and child trafficking in persons (TIP) survivors through analysis of 17 studies, including cross-sectional, cohort, and retrospective studies, from PubMed and PTSDpubs. 4,738 participants yielded an overall median PTSD prevalence of 32.63% (IQR = 20.78–54.42). Age stratification revealed median prevalences of 26.45% in children and 31.87% in adult survivors. Sex stratification indicated 22.68% in males and 38.07% in females, aligning with documented sex differences in PTSD prevalence. Further stratification by trafficking type showed 41.60% in commercial sexual exploitation and 30.67% in labor exploitation survivors. Limitations include methodological heterogeneity and …
Early Identification Of Autism Spectrum Disorder In Childcare Settings: A Literature Review, Maneli Nourzad
Early Identification Of Autism Spectrum Disorder In Childcare Settings: A Literature Review, Maneli Nourzad
Modern Psychological Studies
Timely intervention is key in the development of children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) and early childhood settings present an opportune environment for early diagnosis, particularly in Canada where the identification of ASD in children below the age of four can be further expanded. This review first summarizes the potential benefits and barriers to early identification of ASD in children. There is robust evidence that early detection can result in improved biological and behavioral outcomes in later stages of life despite the subtle and at times elusive signs of ASD in young children. We then focus on the role early …
Toward A Holistic Understanding Of Conduct Disorder Across The Lifespan, Bobby R. J. W. Mchardy, Pamela M. Seeds
Toward A Holistic Understanding Of Conduct Disorder Across The Lifespan, Bobby R. J. W. Mchardy, Pamela M. Seeds
Modern Psychological Studies
Conduct Disorder is a developmental disorder characterized by clinically significant and culturally unexpected aggressive and antisocial behaviors. While much work has focused on the numerous predisposing genetic, neurobiological, psychological, and environmental risk factors for Conduct Disorder, its causal mechanisms, several developmental trajectories, and interacting risks have still yet to be properly elucidated within the context of these factors. With the aim of integrating the literature’s current understanding of Conduct Disorder, we searched APA PsycNet and Google Scholar using a scoping review to select peer-reviewed articles relating to age of onset, presentation, trajectory, persistence, and outcomes of Conduct Disorder. Of the …
Perceived Marginalization, Social Support, And Mental Health: The Role Of Parasocial Relationships, Madison Christy, Aimee Adam
Perceived Marginalization, Social Support, And Mental Health: The Role Of Parasocial Relationships, Madison Christy, Aimee Adam
Modern Psychological Studies
The purpose of the current study was to extend previous research (Woznicki et al., 2020) to see if parasocial relationships (PSRs) with figures from various social media platforms might be beneficial for those lower in real-life social support. We predicted that there would be a negative relationship between social support and perceptions of marginalization, loneliness, and depression, but that for people who perceived themselves as marginalized, the relationship between social support and loneliness would change depending on the strength of their PSR. In this correlational study, 135 participants took an online Qualtrics survey which assessed social media use, PSR strength, …
The Effects Of Self-Affirmation On Covid-19 Safe Behaviors, Matt Betashour
The Effects Of Self-Affirmation On Covid-19 Safe Behaviors, Matt Betashour
Modern Psychological Studies
This paper aims to seek if self-affirming activities can be used to increase compliance with group-protective public health policy such as the mandate to wear face masks for the COVID-19 pandemic. Completing a self-affirmation has been shown to increase compliance to health advice when it is beneficial for the self (Sherman & Cohen, 2020). To determine if self-affirming activities, as described by Self-Affirmation theory, increases compliance to health advice that is beneficial for others, the present experiment (N = 106) asked university students to complete a self-affirmation or a control task, read a relevant article, and rate how often they …
Mobile Phone Mindfulness: Effects Of App-Based Meditation Intervention On Stress And Hrv Of Undergraduate Students, Samuel M. Degenhard
Mobile Phone Mindfulness: Effects Of App-Based Meditation Intervention On Stress And Hrv Of Undergraduate Students, Samuel M. Degenhard
Modern Psychological Studies
Since the COVID-19 pandemic, stress has increased exponentially in undergraduate populations. The current study sought to determine the efficacy of an eight-week relaxation intervention, using a free meditation app to reduce perceived stress and increase baseline heart rate variability (HRV) of undergraduate students, compared to using a traditional relaxation intervention across the same period. Participants (N = 14) were randomized into either a meditation app group or self-directed diaphragmatic breathing group and were instructed to engage in their respective relaxation technique ten minutes daily for eight weeks. Pre- and post-intervention differences in perceived stress and HRV were examined, along with …
Effects Of A Brief Exposure To Nature Or Social Media On Psychological Well-Being, Megan C. Hall, Samantha L. Mcmichael, Virginia Sy Kwan
Effects Of A Brief Exposure To Nature Or Social Media On Psychological Well-Being, Megan C. Hall, Samantha L. Mcmichael, Virginia Sy Kwan
Modern Psychological Studies
Social media has enhanced our ability to connect with each other globally; however, social media is not necessarily beneficial. Given the potential negative impact of social media use on psychological well-being, it is important to identify resources that may buffer this impact. One resource may be exposure to nature. Participants exposed to nature scenes experienced less negative affect compared to those exposed to social media. Those who spent more time outside tended to experience decreased negative affect when they viewed both social media and nature photos, but when viewing only social media, they experienced increased negative affect. Relations between humans, …
Substance Use Disorder Prevention Among Sexual And Gender Minority Youth, Jack K. Connors, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry
Substance Use Disorder Prevention Among Sexual And Gender Minority Youth, Jack K. Connors, Carolyn Mcnamara Barry
Modern Psychological Studies
Substance Use Disorder (SUD) has a more prevalent effect on Sexual and Gender Minority Youth (SGMY), leading to a need for dedicated and specialized programs to reduce disparity. The review included 18 scholarly articles, ranging from the years 1992 to 2022. In the present review, we explored factors related to SGMY substance use, including those that protect and insulate this vulnerable population against a negative coping skill with a wide array of neurological, emotional, and societal adjustment problems. We concluded that SGMY experience SUD more than their straight, cisgender peers. Also, targeted interventions are necessary to curb maladaptive coping strategies …
Evaluating The Impact Of The Film "Food Evolution" On Attitudes Towards Genetically Modified Food Crops, Elaine C. House Ms, Megan Fabian, Jessica M. Nolan Phd, Anne M. Royer Phd
Evaluating The Impact Of The Film "Food Evolution" On Attitudes Towards Genetically Modified Food Crops, Elaine C. House Ms, Megan Fabian, Jessica M. Nolan Phd, Anne M. Royer Phd
Modern Psychological Studies
This study aimed to evaluate the effects of film intervention on consumer opinion and behaviors regarding genetically modified (GM) foods. Students, faculty, and community members attended a viewing of the documentary Food Evolution at the University of Scranton and were surveyed pre- and post-viewing. Results show participants who completed the survey after watching the film perceive GM foods as more likely to increase the global food supply and less likely to cause problems for health and the environment compared to those who completed the survey prior to watching the film. Participants were more likely to agree there is a scientific …
The Importance Of Health Anxiety And Emotional Reasoning To Understand Vaccine Hesitancy And Safety Behaviors: Implications For Public Health Campaigns In A Covid-19 Era, Samantha J. Ballas, Kimberli R. Treadwell
The Importance Of Health Anxiety And Emotional Reasoning To Understand Vaccine Hesitancy And Safety Behaviors: Implications For Public Health Campaigns In A Covid-19 Era, Samantha J. Ballas, Kimberli R. Treadwell
Modern Psychological Studies
This study examined the impact of health anxiety and emotional reasoning on COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy and preventative behaviors, hypothesizing that high anxiety and emotional reasoning would predict lower vaccine hesitancy and higher COVID-19 preventative health behavior after controlling for demographic variables. A large international non-probability convenience sample of 532 individuals consented to an online survey in a cross-sectional period from March through August 2021 (one month following availability of vaccinations in the USA). Participants completed questionnaires online. Findings revealed that health anxiety and general anxiety were significantly correlated with COVID-19 preventative behaviors, including mask wearing and social distancing, and emotional …
Questioning The Legitimacy Of The Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Construct, Isabelle J. Weigel-Mohamed
Questioning The Legitimacy Of The Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder Construct, Isabelle J. Weigel-Mohamed
Modern Psychological Studies
This literature review examines 45 journal articles from a variety of disciplines, including genetics, neuropsychology, child and school psychology, evolutionary psychology, clinical psychology, and psychopharmacology. The review features a popular article published in the New York Times; though not a peer-reviewed journal article, it provides evidence of the pervasive social impact of the Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) debate. This review covers articles published between the years 1971 to 2021, with a greater emphasis on articles published after 2013 (over 50% of the review, given that the ADHD construct was reconceptualized in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition …
The Impact Of School Closures And Isolation On Parents In The Us, Kathryn Stulpin, William Turner, Nicholas Fasciano, Amanda Peirano, Kedai Cheng, Caitlin Brez
The Impact Of School Closures And Isolation On Parents In The Us, Kathryn Stulpin, William Turner, Nicholas Fasciano, Amanda Peirano, Kedai Cheng, Caitlin Brez
Modern Psychological Studies
The COVID-19 pandemic was an unprecedented global event. Research demonstrates the impact the pandemic had on both parents and children regarding their mental health and learning abilities. The current study examined parents’ experiences during the pandemic. This study had a particular focus on how changes to schooling impacted school experiences and social emotional experiences. The sample was comprised of parents whose children were in K-12 schooling and data was collected during Fall of 2020. The findings suggest that while there were several challenges, parents also reported some positive outcomes. This study serves as a foundation for future research to be …
Impact Of Pandemic Induced Stress On Health Behaviors Related To Covid-19 Susceptibility, Mahnoor Malik, Nicole Ryerson
Impact Of Pandemic Induced Stress On Health Behaviors Related To Covid-19 Susceptibility, Mahnoor Malik, Nicole Ryerson
Modern Psychological Studies
The COVID-19 pandemic has encompassed not only a public health crisis due to the range of symptoms and rapid spread associated with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, but it has also resulted in daily life changes due to public health mandates implemented to reduce the spread of the disease. The current study (N = 148) tested two hypotheses: that individuals experiencing increased stress due to the pandemic would be more likely to engage in protective behaviors that would limit exposure to the virus (e.g., limiting in-person contact) and that individuals experiencing increased stress would also engage in behaviors that may increase their …
A Preliminary Evaluation Of The Effects Of Unfamiliar Music And Focus On Mood, Hailey Holland, Yasuhiro Ozuru, Mychal A. Machado
A Preliminary Evaluation Of The Effects Of Unfamiliar Music And Focus On Mood, Hailey Holland, Yasuhiro Ozuru, Mychal A. Machado
Modern Psychological Studies
In this study researchers evaluated whether self-reported moods would be differentially affected by the focus of attention (i.e., focusing on the music vs. focusing on one’s own mood), and whether unfamiliar music from different periods would differentially affect reported moods. Participants (N = 75) were assigned to two focus conditions randomly and filled out the Brief Mood Introspection Scale (BMIS) while listening to nine music selections representing three different musical periods. Results showed that focusing on music rather than one’s own internal mood elicited a higher magnitude of mood responses, and that people tended to experience differences in mood as …
Reliable Change In College Coursework Self-Efficacy, Nancy R. Patel, Matthew H. Kim, Justin E. Karr
Reliable Change In College Coursework Self-Efficacy, Nancy R. Patel, Matthew H. Kim, Justin E. Karr
Modern Psychological Studies
This study aimed to examine the test-retest reliability of the College Self-Efficacy Inventory-Coursework subscale (CSEI-C) and calculate cutoffs for determining reliable change. A sample of 39 college students from a U.S. university (M=19.0±1.0 years old, 84.6% women, 64.1% White) completed the CSEI-C twice (test-retest interval: M=55.4±12.4 days). The CSEI-C had good test-retest reliability, per the intraclass correlation (ICC=.85). The cutoffs of detecting reliable change were ±.91, ±1.12, and ±1.44 for 70%, 80%, and 90% confidence intervals, respectively. College students often experience mental health problems, and those presenting for psychotherapy may experience concurrent reductions in academic self-efficacy. Clinicians could use the …
An Examination Of The Associations Between Internet Activities, Body Positivity Content, And Eating Disorder Symptomatology, Mary G. Tisko, Juan F. Casas
An Examination Of The Associations Between Internet Activities, Body Positivity Content, And Eating Disorder Symptomatology, Mary G. Tisko, Juan F. Casas
Modern Psychological Studies
Previous researchers have established comorbidities between behavioral addictions. Although online media use has been linked to disordered eating, the relationship between Internet addiction and binge eating disorder (BED) has not been examined. Our first aim was to examine the relationship between two types of Internet addiction and BED. It was hypothesized that those high in Internet addiction would report greater BED symptoms than those low in Internet addiction. Our second aim was to examine how online media use and body positivity content relate to various eating disorder symptomatology (EDS). We hypothesized that EDS would be positively correlated to online media …
Examining Belonging And The Fear Of Missing Out In Relation To Social Media Use: A Two-Part Study, Timothy Buckles, Meira Vaid, Mary Pritchard (Mentor), Heather Schoenherr (Mentor), Mercades Nelson, Kylee Malouf
Examining Belonging And The Fear Of Missing Out In Relation To Social Media Use: A Two-Part Study, Timothy Buckles, Meira Vaid, Mary Pritchard (Mentor), Heather Schoenherr (Mentor), Mercades Nelson, Kylee Malouf
Modern Psychological Studies
We conducted two survey studies to better understand how using social media relates to differing outcomes in perceptions of social support and the Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) in college students (N = 251, N = 529, respectively). Correlation analyses revealed higher levels of FoMO were most strongly related to scrolling behaviors on social media, whereas posting behaviors were correlated with increased feelings of belonging and lower levels of FoMO. No significant correlation was found between perceived online social support and FoMO. Finally, no significant gender differences in FoMO were found. These behavior-based relationships are likely linked to people's innate …