Social and Behavioral Sciences Commons^™

Secrecy In U.S. National Security: Why A Paradigm Shift Is Needed, Steven Aftergood

Secrecy and Society

No abstract provided.

State Secrecy: A Literature Review, Stephane Lefebvre

Secrecy and Society

What is secrecy? What is a state secret? Which state secrets deserve protection from disclosures? How are state secrets protected from disclosure? In this review, I use these questions as an organizing framework to review the richness of a very disparate, largely US-centric, but also multidisciplinary literature. In doing so, I highlight the social nature of secrecy - that it is a social construct with social effects and consequences - and the need for further research to unveil those rationalities that specific discourses on state secrecy put forward to legitimize the nondisclosure of state secrets.

“Pick A Card, Any Card”: Learning To Deceive And Conceal – With Care, Brian Rappert

Secrecy and Society

Because of the asymmetries in knowledge regarding the underlying hidden mechanisms as well as because of the importance of intentional deception, entertainment magic is often presented as an exercise in power, manipulation, and control. This article challenges such portrayals and through doing so common presumptions about how secrets are kept. It does so through recounting the experiences of the author as a beginner learning a craft. Regard for the choices and tensions associated with the accomplishment of mutually recognized deception in entertainment magic are marshalled to consider how it involves ‘reciprocal action’ between the audience and the performer. Attending to …

Questions Of Professional Practice And Reporting On State Secrets: Glenn Greenwald And The Nsa Leaks, Rebecca M. Rice

Secrecy and Society

In 2013, journalist Glenn Greenwald met with Edward Snowden, who leaked the most documents in the history of the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA). Greenwald reported on these documents and proved that the NSA spied on millions of American citizens. However, he also provided commentary about the state of journalism and argued that journalists are often complicit in the keeping of state secrets. Using a rhetorical analysis of Greenwald's writings in The Guardian and his later book, this essay argues that journalists function as a technical audience that debates professional standards for leaking secrets. In Greenwald's case, journalists were …

The Rhetorical Devices Of The Keepers Of State Secrets, Stephane Lefebvre

Secrecy and Society

This article examines a set of rhetorical devices forming a linguistic practice that are used repeatedly by secret keepers in the United States and the United Kingdom when legally and popularly arguing against the disclosure of state secrets. Each of these devices (using lists, using the future conditional, arguing from ignorance and authority, arguing from consequences, and arguing by analogy) play a role in shaping our social understanding of state secrecy. More importantly, these devices provide secret keepers a means by which to assert their knowledge and expertise, and to legitimize, if judges agree with them, the nondisclosure of state …

Teaching Trade Secret Management With Threshold Concepts, Haakon Thue Lie, Leif Martin Hokstad, Donal O'Connell

Secrecy and Society

Trade secret management (TSM is an emerging field of research. Teaching trade secret management requires the inclusion of several challenging topics, such as how firms use secrets in open innovation and collaboration. The threshold concepts framework is an educational lens well suited for teaching subjects such as TSM that are transformative and troublesome. We identify four such areas in trade secret management and discuss how threshold concepts can be a useful framework for teaching. We then present an outline of a curriculum suited for master’s programs and training of intellectual property (IP) managers. Our main contribution is to fields of …

Today’S Fake News Is Tomorrow’S Fake History: How Us History Textbooks Mirror Corporate News Media Narratives, Nolan Higdon, Mickey Huff, Jen Lyons

Secrecy and Society

The main thrust of this study is to assess how the systematic biases found in mass media journalism affect the writing of history textbooks. There has been little attention paid to how the dissemination of select news information regarding the recent past, particularly from the 1990s through the War on Terror, influences the ways in which US history is taught in schools. This study employs a critical-historical lens with a media ecology framework to compare Project Censored’s annual list of censored and under-reported stories to the leading and most adopted high school and college US history textbooks. The findings reveal …

Revealing Challenges Of Teaching Secrecy, Jack Z. Bratich, Craig R. Scott

Secrecy and Society

All teaching has something to do with transmission of hidden knowledge, secrecy, and revelation. But the teaching of secrecy itself faces particular challenges. Drawing on the authors’ experiences teaching secrecy-themed seminars to first-year university students, this paper pinpoints four such challenges: how to determine the range of phenomena to cover in a short course, how to prevent excessive interpretation of secrets, how to encourage students to take a fun topic with seriousness, and how to engage students in their own practices of secrecy. In laying out these challenges, we aim to contribute to a secrecy literacy: a needed competency so …

Keeping Secrets From Ourselves: Understanding Self-Deception Through Theory, Evidence And Application, Mathew J. Creighton

Secrecy and Society

Self-deception is a difficult concept to share with students. Although few students find it implausible that they are capable of keeping secrets from themselves, the social theory, application, and practical demonstration of self-deception is far from straightforward. This work offers a three-step approach to teach a theoretically-grounded, evidence-based, and application-reinforced understanding of self-deception. Rooted in work on identity by Mead (1934), the approach outlined here engages with interdisciplinary case studies derived from social psychology (Greenwald, McGhee and Schwartz 1998) and behavioral economics (Ariely 2012). The theory and case studies build toward a peer evaluation that offers students a concrete demonstration …

Concealing In The Public Interest, Or Why We Must Teach Secrecy, Susan Maret

Secrecy and Society

Secrecy as the intentional or unintentional concealment of information is the subject of investigation within the humanities, social sciences, journalism, law and legal studies. However, the subject it is not widely taught as a distinct social problem within higher education. In this article, I report personal experience with developing and teaching a graduate level course on a particular type of secrecy, government secrecy, at the School of Information, San Jose State University. This article includes discussion on selecting course materials, creating assignments, and navigating controversial histories. This article also sets the stage to this special issue of Secrecy and Society …

Digital Communication Media: Resources And Distribution Channels On Forest And Land Fires Information In Riau Province Of Indonesia During Covid-19 Pandemic Period, Gumgum Gumilar, Engkus Kuswarno, Herlina Agustin, Nik Norma Nik Hasan

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The control towards Indonesian forest and land fires in 2020 is deemed more complicated due to the Covid-19 outbreak. Its rapid dissemination encourages the central and regional government officials to focus the Covid-19 risk reduction through some policies, such as health protocol, social activity and large-scale meeting restrictions as well as independent regional quarantine, causing the controlling process towards the fires to be implemented by collaborating a direct method in disaster-vulnerable areas through digital communication media.

The research is purposed to recognize the use of communication technology in controlling Indonesian forest and land fires during the Covid-19 pandemic period, comprising …

Usage Of Electronic Resources And Services By Students Of Nift Bhubaneswar: A Case Study, Jayant Kumar Sethy, Puspanjali Jena

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The prime objective of this research paper is to explore usage of electronic resources and services by the students and research scholar with special reference to NIFT, Bhubaneswar. A printed version of 130 structured questionnaires were distributed randomly among the selected samples of National Institute of Fashion Technology, Bhubaneswar with respects to students and researcher to get relevant data and 101 filled in questionnaires were received and analyzed. To investigate information on frequency of using of e-resources and overall satisfaction on e-resources, simple frequency was carried out. The response rate was 101(77.69%). The outcome from the analysis shows that the …

Evaluation Of The Library Services And Facilities Among Klef-Guntur And Klef- Hyderabad, Dr.Ramesh Rayapudi, Dr Mohana Krishna Irrinki

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Library is one area where the desired skills are imparted to the significant section of the society called the information seekers. The libraries are important in providing the essential resources which are essential in providing, processing and disseminating the information in such a way that they change the information levels of the library users. All efforts are made by the libraries, with the implementation of the advanced technological tools, to provide essential information resources which are made accessible by the users. To enable the library users’ access these resources there is an important aspect of level of services provided to …

Role Of Pakistani Universities In Interfaith Dialogue, Harmony And Relations An Index And Bibliometric Of Produced Academic Dissertations, Abid Hussain Mr, Rauf Ahmed

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Interfaith dialogue has become one of the most significant and interesting activities in contemporary socio-political and socio-religious global scenario due to its crucial role in the peace process and peaceful interfaith relations. Many groups of scholars, institutes, organizations, and even governments are promoting the activities regarding interfaith relations. Meanwhile, it is also assumed that Pakistan is one of the countries where interfaith dialogue activities are arranged officially on the state level. In this study, efforts are made to review statistically and to index the literature produced by Pakistani scholars and universities. A mixed-method research methodology is adopted for this study …

Impact Of Covid-19 On Indian Higher Education, Mvv Prasad Kantipudi, John Moses C. Dr., Rajanikanth Aluvalu Dr., Tarun Goud Golyalla Mr.

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The worldwide pandemic due to the new coronavirus Covid-19 is playing a vital role in higher education systems. Some of the important affects are disturbing the completion of the terminal exam, completing the syllabus, starting of the new academic year and loss of jobs. The Covid-19 pandemic motivates the education institutions and stakeholders for remote learning as well as it makes a new challenge in global economies. This article focuses the challenges on higher education in the era of Covid-19 pandemic as well as some solutions to continue the higher education. Particularly, this aims to describe the impact of higher …

Lung Cancer Research In India And Iran: A Scientometric Study, Rabiya Mushtaq, Fayaz Ahmad Loan

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The study aims to provide global research productivity on lung cancer with an in-depth analysis of the growth & development of India and Iran. The study focuses on the authorship collaborative patterns among Indian and Iranian medical scientists as well. The research started with the selection of terms on “Lung cancer”. Three terms- Lung Cancer, Lung Neoplasm, and Pulmonary Neoplasm were selected from the Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) to retrieve the data from the Web of Science (WoS). The Boolean Operator “OR” was executed to retrieve the records. The data related to Lung cancer research from 1989-2017 was retrieved and …

Conservation Of Indigenous Tribal Culture At Tripura, India: A Proposed Model In E-Environment, Sudip Bhattacharjee

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The tribal communities (indigenous groups) of Tripura have their respective arts and cultures or folklores or folktales which are initially oral and passed down to the younger generations by the senior members from generation to generation. Due to the modernization and influx of migrated people from the neighboring country to Tripura, created threats among the tribal communities for maintaining their unique identity and traditional cultures. Their enriched culture is getting mix-up and they are wondering to save their culture for the next generation. The present study discusses the issues and challenges faced by tribal communities to maintain their enriched arts …

Assessment Indicator Model (Libqual) On College Library Satisfaction, Tiko Dhafin Rizky, Nurul Huda, Muslikh Muslikh, Nova Rini

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study aims to determine the comparison between the combination of these assessments between public and Islamic-based universities. This study adopts a quantitative research methodology. The self-administered questionnaire was distributed each to 200 visitors of the Nusantara Business Institute and YARSI University to find out the comparison of the combined assessment of LibQual and Muslim-friendly Librarian. The study found that the combination of ratings between LibQual and Muslim Friendly Librarian had differences in satisfaction scores between the campuses. This study notes that Muslim-friendly Librarian has a higher satisfaction score for public higher education users than Islamic-based universities

Time Series Data Analysis Using Machine Learning-(Ml) Approach, Mvv Prasad Kantipudi Dr., Pradeep Kumar N.S Dr., S.Sreenath Kashyap Dr., Ss Anusha Vemuri Ms

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Healthcare benefits related to continuous monitoring of human movement and physical activity can potentially reduce the risk of accidents associated with elderly living alone at home. Based on the literature review, it is found that many studies focus on human activity recognition and are still active towards achieving practical solutions to support the elderly care system. The proposed system has introduced a joint approach of machine learning and signal processing technology for the recognition of human's physical movements using signal data generated by accelerometer sensors. The framework adopts the concept of DSP to select very descriptive feature sets and uses …

Indian Institutes Of Technology (Iits) Library System: A Comparative Study, Sambhunath Sahoo, Krushna Chandra Panda

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The main purpose of the study is to examine the Indian Institutes of Technology (IITs) Library System in India. The survey method is applied to IIT Libraries, where the questionnaire is used as a tool for data collection. This study is limited to IIT Libraries of India that established till 2015 with the inclusion of IIT (ISM) Dhanbad, one of the oldest institutes of the country, renamed in 2016. Data analysis revealed that the IIT Kharagpur library has the highest number of registered users (13254) and hardware resources (182), while the IIT Tirupati library has the lowest number of registered …

Awareness And Use Of Search Techniques As Indicated In The Google User’S Manual By Postgraduate Students Of Lead City University, Ibadan, Oyo State., Victor Omeiza, Rotimi Adelani Ibitoye, Teslim Olayinka Alao, Kehinde Durojaye, Folasade Kolawole

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

Precise and timely information in all aspects of human endeavor is key to the actualization of various goals. This study was carried out to determine the awareness and use of search techniques in searching for information in Google Search and Gmail by postgraduate students of Lead City University, Ibadan. The search techniques are recommended and documented by Google for efficiency in search operations. A total of 254 students were sampled using convenience sampling techniques and also filled out the structured questionnaire of which 173 copies were returned due to emergence of covid-19. Descriptive statistics was employed to analyze the …

Awareness And Adoption Of Cloud Computing In Nigerian Libraries: An Aid To Library Services, Aishatu Nya Zubairu Miss, John Olugbenga Akiola Mr, Saheed Abiola Hamzat Ph.D

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Abstract

The study focused on awareness and adoption of cloud computing in Nigerian libraries. Given the importance of cloud computing to information resources storage and service delivery, it has become necessary to find out the extent of awareness among library personnel and to ascertain what they use it for, either for personnel or professional use and as well the area to which cloud based services has been adopted in some selected Private Universities in Osun State. A survey design was adopted for this study. Fifty-three library personnel from four private university libraries constitutes the respondent for the study. These respondents …

Bibliometric Of Feature Selection Using Optimization Techniques In Healthcare Using Scopus And Web Of Science Databases, Rahul Joshi, Harita Gadikta, Saneeka Kharat, Soumi Mandal, Kalyani Kadam, Anupkumar M. Bongale Dr., Siddhant Pandit

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Feature selection technique is an important step in the prediction and classification process, primarily in data mining related aspects or related to medical field. Feature selection is immersive with the errand of choosing a subset of applicable features that could be utilized in developing a prototype. Medical datasets are huge in size; hence some effective optimization techniques are required to produce accurate results. Optimization algorithms are a critical function in medical data mining particularly in identifying diseases since it offers excellent effectiveness in minimum computational expense and time. The classification algorithms also produce superior outcomes when an objective function is …

The Role Of The School Librarian Toward The Implementation Of The School Literacy Movement (Gerakan Literasi Sekolah), Dyah Srirahayu, Tiara Kusumaningtiyas, Dessy Harisanty

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Several studies on literacy show a contrariety against data concerning the literacy rate of Indonesians. Indonesian students are considered literate but unaccompanied with absolute literacy abilities. In tackling this problem, the Ministry of Education and Culture designed a School Literacy Movement/Gerakan Literasi Sekolah (GLS) program to increase students' literacy. GLS is a unique program developed for the school systems from the primary to high school levels. The presence of a school library and librarian is an essential element in implementing GLS. Librarian is part of the School Literacy Team, collectively working with the school principal, student guardians, parents, and teachers. …

Contribution Of The University Of Burdwan And Kalyani University During 2000-19: A Scientometrics Analysis, Subhodip Bid, Dr Sukumar Mandal

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

The present paper attempt to compare the contribution of two state universities of West Bengal i.e. University of Burdwan (BU) and University of Kalyani (KU) under different parameters like publication size, authorship pattern, degree of collaboration, subject, language, geographical distribution during the period 2000 to 2019 ( 20 years) by using Web of Science as a source database. The study revealed that both the universities have almost similar authorship pattern, citation distribution and prefer to publish articles in journals. The USA ranked top as the most favorite country for collaboration for both the universities.

Research Productivity Of Pakistani Authors In The Online Journal Of Library Philosophy And Practice: A Bibliometric Appraisal From 2008-2020, Mohammad Hussain, Muhammad Shehr Yar

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study evaluated the research contributions of Pakistani authors in the online journal of Library Philosophy and Practice from 2008 to 2020. The articles were reviewed to probe the most cited papers, authorship pattern, subjects, and gender-wise distribution of papers, to find the most prolific authors, geographical and institution-wise distribution of publications. The data for the study was collected from the website of the journals. A total of 178 research articles were identified, which were reviewed under the specified research objectives. Data was analyzed with the help of MS Excel and Publish or Perish was also used to calculate the …

Prevalence Of Library Anxiety Among Undergraduate Medical Students, Sajjad Ahmad, Muhammad Ismail, Amjid Khan

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

This study aimed to explore the frequency of library anxiety among the medical students (first year to fourth year) of Khyber Medical College (KMC), one of the oldest medical institutes of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Out of 1500 populations of the study, data were collected from 306 students using a convenient sampling technique. The AQAK library anxiety instrument was used to measure the respondents’ library anxiety level and significance differences with respect to respondents’ gender and their level/year of study. The study found that the respondents’ library anxiety level with respect to ‘‘library staff’ were little higher than the ‘user …

Text Mining Of Biomedical Literature: Discovering New Knowledge, Saikat Goswami, Sourav Mazumder, Sumana Chakrabarty

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Biomedical literature is increasing day by day. The present scenario shows that the volume of literature regarding “coronavirus” has expanded at a high rate. In this study, text mining technique has been employed to discover something new from the published literature. The main objectives of this study are to show the growth of literature (Jan-Jun, 2020), extract document section, identify latent topics, find the most frequent word, represent the bag of words, and the hierarchical clustering. We have collected 16500 documents from PubMed. This study finds most number of documents (11499) belong to May and June. We explore …

Diabetes Prediction Using Machine Learning : A Bibliometric Analysis, Vijayshri Nitin Khedkar, Sina Patel

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Diabetes Mellitus is a chronic disease which can be deadly if undetected for longer time. Artificial intelligence is helping in healthcare industry to a great extent by helping professionals to derive useful information and patterns from data available in various formats: Survey data, electronic health records, laboratory data.. Diabetes, if predicted at an early stage can help many people to save lives and cost for healthcare. Decision-making, diagnosing and predicting diabetes have become an increasing trend in recent years. There are numerous publications in diabetes prediction and yet it’s an ongoing research topic with availability of new data and methods. …

Infopreneurship And Financial Satisfaction Among Library Professionals In Tertiary Institutions In Ede, Osun, Nigeria, Adebowale Jeremy Adetayo, Saheed Abiola Hamzat

Library Philosophy and Practice (e-journal)

Infopreneurship amongst library professionals has the potential to provide income to support salary paid job, which could guarantee financial satisfaction. However, the review of literature found little or no research has been done on infopreneurial practices among library professionals in Nigeria. In a bid to carrying out this focus, this study adopted the descriptive survey design. The population comprised forty-one (41) library professionals from three tertiary institutions. The total enumeration sampling technique was used to study all respondents for the study. A self-structured questionnaire was the instrument used for data collection. Data gathered were analysed using descriptive (frequency, percentage & …